bluewave

Can’t really lean on any AI data unless you know the integrity of the data used to train the AI.

The last time a Greenland Block worked in our favor with a KU here along the 1-95 corridor was February 2021. The MJO 8 in January 2022 was more of a Pacific driven snowfall pattern. Most other Greenland blocks like December 2022, March 2023, and February 2025 were Southeast ridge link ups with Great Lakes cutters or I-78 to I-84 hugger tracks. Prior to 2019 there Southeast ridge link ups with Greenland blocks were rare. Like in December 2012 and the late 1990s. But those were usually followed up by more favorable Greenland blocking patterns and KU snowstorms in the next months or years which hasn’t happened yet.

If I had to draw up a set of maps now, would probably just use the EPS mean from days 3-7 to leave enough wiggle room for changes in later model runs.

Each of the models for next week have a different solution. The two upper lows and the hurricane are all in different positions at day 5. Plus the strong block to the north. So we are getting the windshield wiper effect with a new solution every run. There is even a 3rd upper low now showing up later in the forecast period dropping down from Canada to complicate matters.

We may never know for sure but the loss of weather balloon data is probably having some effect on the model performance. https://theconversation.com/typhoon-leaves-flooded-alaska-villages-facing-a-storm-recovery-far-tougher-than-most-americans-will-ever-experience-267423 But as the storm approached Alaska, everything went sideways. The weather model forecasts changed, reflecting a faster-moving storm, and Halong shifted to a very unusual track, moving between Saint Lawrence Island and the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta coast. Unlike Merbok, which was very well forecast by the global models, this one’s final track and intensity weren’t clear until the storm was within 36 hours of crossing into Alaska waters. That’s too late for evacuations in many places. Did the loss of weather balloon data canceled in 2025 affect the forecast? That’s a question for future research, but here’s what we know for sure: There have not been any upper-air weather balloon observations at Saint Paul Island in the Bering Sea since late August or at Kotzebue since February. Bethel and Cold Bay are limited to one per day instead of two. At Nome, there were no weather balloons for two full days as the storm was moving toward the Bering Sea. Did any of this cause the forecast to be off? We don’t know because we don’t have the data, but it seems likely that that had some effect on the model performance.

If we could find a way to replicate the cooler high temperature patterns that we have been getting in May recently at other times of the year, then we would be onto something. Islip , NYPeriod of record: 1963-09-05 through 2025-10-23DateLowest maximum temperatures (degrees F)Top Record 2nd Record 3rd Record 5/1 49 in 2016 52 in 1978 53 in 2019 5/2 51 in 1995 53 in 1988 53 in 1975 5/3 49 in 1985 53 in 2016 53 in 1986 5/4 47 in 1987 51 in 2016 54 in 1978+ 5/5 44 in 1978 46 in 1987 53 in 2016 5/6 50 in 1978 52 in 2016 52 in 1967 5/7 44 in 1967 50 in 2022 52 in 1965 5/8 53 in 1971 54 in 1992 54 in 1989+ 5/9 49 in 2020 49 in 1972 50 in 1977 5/10 52 in 1989 54 in 2024 55 in 1995+ 5/11 54 in 1998 54 in 1989 55 in 1995+ 5/12 48 in 2010 51 in 2008 55 in 1966 5/13 51 in 2019 51 in 2017 51 in 2002 5/14 52 in 2019 57 in 2006 57 in 1984+ 5/15 53 in 1978 55 in 1973 56 in 1967 5/16 53 in 1984 53 in 1978 54 in 1996 5/17 56 in 1978 57 in 1994 58 in 1966 5/18 49 in 2007 53 in 2002 56 in 1968 5/19 51 in 1976 53 in 1994 55 in 1993 5/20 51 in 2000 54 in 2005 55 in 2008+ 5/21 49 in 1990 54 in 2000 56 in 2025 5/22 53 in 2025 54 in 2003 57 in 2000 5/23 54 in 2003 54 in 1982 57 in 1973 5/24 56 in 1982 57 in 2003 57 in 1969 5/25 49 in 1967 51 in 2013 51 in 2005 5/26 52 in 1967 53 in 2003 57 in 1973 5/27 56 in 1974 57 in 1973 58 in 1983+ 5/28 60 in 2014 60 in 2009 60 in 1996+ 5/29 51 in 2021 58 in 2017 60 in 1996+ 5/30 52 in 2021 60 in 2017 61 in 1965 5/31 55 in 1984 61 in 1967 63 in 1992

Most spots should finish warmer than average but the cooler spots like LGA, BDR, and NYC should finish below. October departures through the 23rd EWR….+2.5 NYC…..+1.4 JFK……+1.8 LGA……+0.8 HPN……+2.9 ISP……..+3.3 BDR…..+0.4 New Haven….+3.8 New Brunswick…+2.3

It’s probably a combination of factors with this being the first El Niño with the North Pacific so warm. Plus the lower aerosols got a boost after the new 2020 shipping regulations. So there were probably multiple factors which enhanced the warming both and before this event. So the El Niño was probably the trigger and the magnitude of the warming came from other places than directly the El Niño 3.4 ONI. There is another theory that the PCC could have also been involved since this El Niño started with so much 1.2 warming. But even past El Niños with strong 1.2 warming had a lag in global temperatures into the fall and not an immediate spring increase. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-52731-6 Instead, if the cyclic IPO dominates the recent cooling, we may expect a strong warming when it reverses. In support of the first possibility, we have identified an emerging climate change signal in the tropical Pacific across different observational datasets and we call it the PCC.

It’s always a good question to ask as we haven’t had a solid MJO 8 during the winter since January 2022. The standard MJO playbook has been a weakening before reaching 8 and then reloading back into the IO through the MC to WP. If we do eventually see another MJO 8 again, it probably won’t be forecast much more than a week or two in advance. But I am hoping we can see at least another weak reflection of January 2022 type event a some point in the coming winters.

It’s really the Arctic down to the mid-latitudes as the tropics have been a little cooler due to the La Niña. With Canada being so warm, it won’t really be that cold here for late October. Plus you can see the major drought across Canada with all the high pressure at 500 mb down to the surface.

The best guess so far is the big reduction in sulphur dioxide emissions over the last decade from China and shipping lead to less clouds over the Pacific which was masking the CO2 emissions warming. https://e360.yale.edu/digest/asia-air-pollution-sulfates-warming

It could just be that mid-latitude Pacific warming is acting as a higher latitude El Niño. So this is why the warming occurred earlier in 2023 than during past El Niño events. Plus the warming lingered longer than previous El Niños.

https://theconversation.com/typhoon-leaves-flooded-alaska-villages-facing-a-storm-recovery-far-tougher-than-most-americans-will-ever-experience-267423 Remnants of a powerful typhoon swept into Western Alaska’s Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta on Oct. 12, 2025, producing a storm surge that flooded villages as far as 60 miles up the river. The water pushed homes off their foundations and set some afloat with people inside, officials said. More than 50 people had to be rescued in Kipnuk and Kwigillingok, hundreds were displaced in the region, and at least one person died. Typhoon Halong was an unusual storm, likely fueled by the Pacific’s near-record warm surface temperatures this fall. Its timing means recovery will be even more difficult than usual for these hard-hit communities, as Alaska meteorologist Rick Thoman of the University Alaska Fairbanks explains. Disasters in remote Alaska are not like disasters anywhere in the lower 48 states, he explains. While East Coast homeowners recovering from a nor’easter that flooded parts of New Jersey and other states the same weekend can run to Home Depot for supplies or drive to a hotel if their home floods, none of that exists in remote Native villages. account Rick Thoman ‪@alaskawx.bsky.social‬ Follow Track and intensity of Typhoon/ex-typhoon Halong in early October. The storm passed over ocean water significantly warmer than normal for virtually its entire track, from southeast of Japan to landfall on the northeast Bering Sea coast. #akwx #weather #Climate #Alaska @climatologist49.bsky.social ALT October 22, 2025 at 3:14 PM Everybody can reply

Just a little below average for this time of year since the Northern Hemisphere is so warm.

This gradient between the record SST warmth east of Japan and the Arctic cold over NE Asia is driving this very fast North Pacific Jet. So it has been very challenging to sustain the -EPO and -WPO intervals for long. Prior to 2019, we would get extended -EPO and -WPO intervals instead of these rapid shifts between positive and negative states. https://downloads.psl.noaa.gov/Public/map/teleconnections/epo.reanalysis.t10trunc.1948-present.txt

This just highlights the issue with the models beyond 120 hrs being really poor in general with storms along the East Coast. But we see some general trends since the weekend. Everything is further east than the other day with more high pressure over the Northeast. While there could certainly be coastal storm of some type during this period, how far west it comes is still in question. So we just have to be patient and see what the models show once we are under the 120hr range when details become more obvious. New run more high pressure to the north Old run less high pressure to the north

I realize that. But some of the very wet posts showing up on social media were based on the wet OP Euro runs and not the ensembles. I posted the OP since it’s what has been getting the most attention. There are a few issues with the ensembles also. First, they can smooth out important features which lead to lesser amounts like stronger high pressure to the north. On paper the late month period looks like events in the past which have produced decent rainfall events here. But as we have seen in recent times, as we approached the event time the rainfall amounts became lesser. The Euro originally forecast the coastal event around the 13th to be further west with a more consolidated low pressure. There were several runs which had the heavier rains further west than they wound up. So it was more of a coastal event with a sharp rainfall cutoff and two weaker lows. So now I don’t have any confidence yet in the wetter model runs for the last week of October. Since there may be more high pressure and 500 mb ridging pressing down from the north than the smoothed ensembles are showing. Would like to see wetter solutions hold to 120hrs and under to be more believable. The old saying is that the long range OP runs are just another ensemble member. I am hoping the end of the month period is close to some of the EPS forecasts. But will not have confidence in the details and if a sharp cutoff until under 120 hrs. We will need one of the wetter long range forecasts to verify in order to get the ball rolling on a reversal of the drought which began back in September 2024. Since most outcomes have been drier than the original day 6-10 forecasts over the last year.

One of the main offenders causing that is excess nitrogen runoff into our waterways leading to the smelly algal blooms. Had that issue when I lived on the GSB. But natural marsh smells in a more pristine environment come with living near the shore. Most of the time it’s just in the background. More overpowering and persistent smells are usually a sign of pollution.

But the NAO has been negative every October since 2019. https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/pna/norm.nao.monthly.b5001.current.ascii.table

Most of those really bad smells are a function of the sewage treatment plants draining into the bays in the SW Nassau area. The sewage treatment plant in East Rockaway and Long Beach next to the skating rink are a much more potent smell. Plus those plants are old and leak untreated sewage into the area from time to time. The hydrogen sulfide rotten egg smell from marshes doing their job is something that you get used to. Much of the time it’s in the background and not overpowering. But from time to time in the early morning during inversions it gets stronger. Though the smell usually goes away once the sun comes up and breaks the inversion. The other issue near the South Shore marshes has been locating landfills there. The one in Oceanside used to be across from the old TSS store which is now behind a shopping center. They finally closed that one years ago. Everyone used to have to roll up the car windows when driving by there. So marshes have mainly gotten a bad reputation by some not from their own natural processes but from all the pollution dumped into the areas. Driving through the marsh habitats on the parkways was one of may favorite drives when back on the South Shore.

Could be a feedback response involved with the overpowering WPAC warm pool with this -PDO and Atlantic warm pool enhancing the ridge into a stronger standing wave.

Much stronger 500 mb heights over Canada with the 2020s -PDO vs during the earlier era. Also notice the more impressive North Pacific ridge. Plus the volatility next 10 days with the big EPO shift.

This is a very similar October 500 mb pattern to 2021,2022,2023, and 2024. Very strong blocking over Canada pressing down into the Great Lakes and Northeast. The next 10 days has more of the same with a very strong blocking again near Hudson Bay.

The wetlands in our area are key ecosystems. While we lost large swaths to development from Jamaica Bay out to Eastern LI, at least what we have now has been designated as preserves. Imagine seeing the whole area from NYC out to Long Island hundreds of years ago. NY Harbor back to the NJ Meadowlands was one of the greatest natural estuaries in all of North America. Jamaica Bay wildlife refuge is still one of the most important stopovers for migrating shorebirds in the East. Before the 5 towns was developed it was called the Woodmere Woods. That was an extensive forested area which people fought to save before it got developed in the mid 1900s. Much of Central Nassau was called the Hempstead Plains natural grasslands. Only a small portion of the original habitat survives near Nassau Community College. The back bays from Nassau to across the GSB still have a large mash habitat. The further east you go on Long Island the closer you get to something that is close to the original state. Especially from the Pine Barrens out to the Twin Forks.

The wetlands are some of the most important ecosystems on the entire planet.