bluewave

Saw this tweet from Leeds, NY to our north.

Yeah, the March 1993 superstorm was a classic example for them as the 90s were their recent heavy snowstorm peak. Maximum 2-Day Total Snowfall for STATE COLLEGE, PA Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Rank Value Ending Date Missing Days 1 30.5 1942-03-30 0 2 27.7 1994-03-04 0 3 27.5 1993-03-14 0 - 27.5 1964-01-14 0 5 26.6 1994-03-03 0 6 25.2 1993-03-15 0 7 22.5 1968-11-13 0 8 19.5 1914-01-04 0 9 18.2 2003-02-18 0 10 18.0 1992-12-12 0 - 18.0 1942-03-31 0 - 18.0 1914-01-05 0 - 18.0 1894-04-11 0 14 17.7 1902-03-06 0 15 17.6 1964-01-13 0 16 17.5 1996-01-08 0 - 17.5 1962-03-07 0 - 17.5 1902-03-05 0 19 17.3 1995-11-15 0 - 17.3 1928-04-29 0 - 17.3 1928-04-28 0 22 17.0 1927-02-20 0 23 16.7 1961-02-05 0 24 16.5 1961-02-04 0 - 16.5 1920-02-05 0 26 16.2 1996-01-09 0 27 16.0 1926-02-04 0 28 15.9 1965-03-07 0 29 15.5 1995-11-16 0 30 15.3 1928-03-18 0 - 15.3 1942-03-04 0 32 15.2 1966-01-24 0 33 15.1 1965-03-06 0 34 15.0 2020-12-18 0 - 15.0 2020-12-17 0

State College finally pulled back ahead of Islip in 5 year snowfall averages since 18-19. Islip was able to hold the lead from 08-09 to 17-18. But the current lead that State College holds is from a much lower level around 30”. Earlier 5 year periods peaked over 60” back in the mid 90s. The high era for Islip was 13-14 to 14-18 with over 50”. So those separate 5 year periods may very well be a peak for both locations. State College column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Year Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Season Mean T 3.7 6.2 8.0 8.5 3.8 1.0 31.0 2022-2023 T 4.1 9.9 5.9 1.1 3.3 M 24.3 2021-2022 0.0 0.8 2.1 13.1 2.5 10.1 3.3 31.9 2020-2021 0.0 T 16.3 4.2 25.2 T T 45.7 2019-2020 0.0 2.0 2.3 5.3 2.0 0.9 0.7 13.2 2018-2019 T 11.7 0.2 11.6 11.7 4.9 T 40.1 Monthly Total Snowfall for ISLIP-LI MACARTHUR AP, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Year Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Season Mean T 0.9 2.5 7.3 6.9 1.5 T 19.0 2022-2023 0.0 0.0 0.4 T 3.0 1.6 M 5.0 2021-2022 0.0 T 0.3 31.8 3.3 1.6 0.0 37.0 2020-2021 T 0.0 7.5 1.1 24.9 T T 33.5 2019-2020 0.0 0.1 4.2 2.5 0.0 T T 6.8 2018-2019 0.0 4.3 T 0.9 3.5 4.1 T 12.8 Monthly Total Snowfall for STATE COLLEGE, PA Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Year Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Season Mean T 2.0 5.3 10.2 13.4 6.2 1.5 38.7 2017-2018 0.0 0.3 6.6 5.0 9.7 6.9 5.6 34.1 2016-2017 T 0.5 6.5 5.0 9.5 16.3 T 37.8 2015-2016 T T T 9.9 6.4 0.2 1.4 17.9 2014-2015 0.0 5.2 2.5 21.3 14.7 7.8 0.5 52.0 2013-2014 T 4.0 11.1 10.0 26.7 T T 51.8 Monthly Total Snowfall for ISLIP-LI MACARTHUR AP, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Year Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Season Mean T 0.1 3.5 23.2 13.4 13.5 1.0 54.8 2017-2018 0.0 T 6.0 22.0 1.4 31.9 4.6 65.9 2016-2017 T T 3.2 14.0 14.7 7.4 T 39.3 2015-2016 0.0 0.0 T 24.8 13.2 3.2 0.2 41.4 2014-2015 0.0 T 0.4 30.2 13.4 19.7 0.0 63.7 2013-2014 0.0 0.3 8.1 25.2 24.5 5.4 0.2 63.7 Monthly Total Snowfall for STATE COLLEGE, PA Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Year Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Season Mean 1.6 1.0 7.3 10.0 10.9 4.4 T 35.3 2012-2013 0.0 1.0 13.9 8.6 9.8 10.3 T 43.6 2011-2012 3.0 T 1.5 9.2 5.3 T T 19.0 2010-2011 T T 3.2 14.2 9.9 11.1 T 38.4 2009-2010 4.9 T 14.0 3.9 25.5 0.8 T 49.1 2008-2009 0.2 3.9 4.0 14.3 3.9 T T 26.3 Monthly Total Snowfall for ISLIP-LI MACARTHUR AP, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Year Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Season Mean 0.1 0.8 10.2 11.4 12.2 4.7 T 39.4 2012-2013 0.0 4.2 0.6 3.3 31.4 7.4 0.0 46.9 2011-2012 0.3 0.0 T 3.8 0.6 T 0.0 4.7 2010-2011 0.0 T 14.9 34.4 3.9 2.1 T 55.3 2009-2010 0.0 0.0 25.3 6.4 21.7 0.4 0.0 53.8 2008-2009 0.0 T 10.4 8.9 3.3 13.6 T 36.2 Monthly Total Snowfall for STATE COLLEGE, PA Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Year Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Season Mean 0.3 0.9 9.7 8.7 13.1 9.4 1.0 43.1 2007-2008 T 2.5 10.4 3.8 17.0 9.5 T 43.2 2006-2007 T T 0.4 4.7 15.3 13.4 3.8 37.6 2005-2006 1.5 1.6 15.4 1.7 4.3 2.2 0.2 26.9 2004-2005 T T 0.4 12.1 11.7 11.2 0.8 36.2 2003-2004 T 0.6 21.9 21.0 17.3 10.6 T 71.4 Monthly Total Snowfall for ISLIP-LI MACARTHUR AP, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Year Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Season Mean 0.0 0.1 6.5 9.4 9.9 5.2 0.0 31.2 2007-2008 0.0 0.0 2.6 0.8 7.3 T 0.0 10.7 2006-2007 0.0 T 0.0 1.0 4.2 3.8 T 9.0 2005-2006 0.0 0.5 7.6 4.7 19.9 3.2 0.1 36.0 2004-2005 0.0 T 7.0 21.5 17.0 13.3 0.0 58.8 2003-2004 0.0 0.0 15.5 19.1 1.1 5.7 0.0 41.4 Monthly Total Snowfall for STATE COLLEGE, PA Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Year Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Season Mean 0.6 0.8 6.2 12.6 8.4 8.7 1.2 38.5 2002-2003 3.1 2.9 19.3 11.8 31.6 9.5 5.4 83.6 2001-2002 T T 2.4 16.1 0.3 2.9 T 21.7 2000-2001 T 0.7 7.9 7.1 3.5 12.9 T 32.1 1999-2000 T 0.4 0.4 13.3 4.9 T 0.8 19.8 1998-1999 0.0 T 0.8 14.9 1.5 18.0 T 35.2 Monthly Total Snowfall for ISLIP-LI MACARTHUR AP, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Year Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Season Mean T 0.2 6.0 5.2 8.1 4.7 1.0 25.1 2002-2003 0.0 1.0 16.0 2.6 26.3 3.7 5.0 54.6 2001-2002 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 T T 0.0 3.7 2000-2001 T 0.0 10.8 9.2 8.6 10.3 T 38.9 1999-2000 0.0 T 0.4 5.8 2.6 0.2 T 9.0 1998-1999 0.0 0.0 3.0 4.5 2.8 9.1 T 19.4 Monthly Total Snowfall for STATE COLLEGE, PA Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Year Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Season Mean T 6.9 9.4 19.9 15.2 12.4 0.4 64.3 1997-1998 T 2.9 14.7 8.6 17.1 4.9 T 48.2 1996-1997 T 1.5 8.6 14.0 10.1 6.9 0.3 41.4 1995-1996 0.0 23.4 17.1 41.0 5.1 11.1 1.3 99.0 1994-1995 T 2.4 0.8 2.5 13.2 4.0 0.6 23.5 1993-1994 T 4.3 5.6 33.6 30.5 35.3 T 109.3 Monthly Total Snowfall for ISLIP-LI MACARTHUR AP, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Year Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Season Mean 0.0 0.6 3.8 6.5 9.3 4.5 2.3 26.9 1997-1998 0.0 T 1.0 T T 1.6 T 2.6 1996-1997 0.0 T 1.2 3.3 2.2 3.7 2.0 12.4 1995-1996 0.0 3.0 13.3 20.2 19.0 12.0 9.6 77.1 1994-1995 0.0 T T T 5.1 T 0.0 5.1 1993-1994 0.0 T 3.3 8.8 20.0 5.0 0.0 37.1 Monthly Total Snowfall for STATE COLLEGE, PA Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Year Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Season Mean T 1.2 9.2 7.3 6.7 17.1 2.2 43.7 1992-1993 T T 19.9 2.3 23.3 42.4 4.6 92.5 1991-1992 0.0 2.6 0.7 4.9 2.3 15.6 0.8 26.9 1990-1991 T 0.1 10.9 7.9 2.7 12.3 0.5 34.4 1989-1990 T 3.0 12.2 13.5 3.4 3.7 5.0 40.8 1988-1989 T 0.1 2.5 7.8 1.6 11.6 0.1 23.7 Monthly Total Snowfall for ISLIP-LI MACARTHUR AP, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Year Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Season Mean 0.0 1.5 2.9 2.9 4.2 6.0 0.6 18.2 1992-1993 0.0 0.0 2.1 2.3 10.9 13.3 0.0 28.6 1991-1992 0.0 0.0 2.0 2.3 1.5 7.6 T 13.4 1990-1991 0.0 0.0 T 3.6 5.3 1.9 0.0 10.8 1989-1990 0.0 7.6 0.2 2.0 2.0 4.2 3.0 19.0 1988-1989 0.0 0.0 10.4 4.4 1.2 3.0 T 19.0 Monthly Total Snowfall for STATE COLLEGE, PA Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Year Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Season Mean T 2.9 5.9 16.2 9.3 7.4 1.4 43.1 1987-1988 T 7.8 8.2 9.9 7.5 5.4 0.2 39.0 1986-1987 0.0 3.0 0.8 35.1 5.8 5.7 1.9 52.3 1985-1986 0.0 T 9.6 11.7 19.9 1.0 0.1 42.3 1984-1985 0.0 0.4 3.3 11.7 10.7 0.8 4.7 31.6 1983-1984 0.0 3.1 7.4 12.8 2.7 24.2 T 50.2 Monthly Total Snowfall for ISLIP-LI MACARTHUR AP, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Year Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Season Mean 0.0 0.2 3.4 8.7 5.0 2.7 T 19.9 1987-1988 0.0 1.1 4.2 10.7 0.1 3.4 0.0 19.5 1986-1987 0.0 T 3.4 8.8 8.6 1.7 0.0 22.5 1985-1986 0.0 T 2.1 2.6 10.4 0.1 T 15.2 1984-1985 0.0 T 4.7 9.3 5.8 T T 19.8 1983-1984 0.0 T 2.6 11.9 T 8.2 0.0 22.7 Monthly Total Snowfall for STATE COLLEGE, PA Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Year Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Season Mean T 2.2 4.5 9.5 12.7 6.6 2.1 37.7 1982-1983 T T 1.8 6.7 10.9 3.2 T 22.6 1981-1982 T 0.2 7.9 17.8 17.5 15.2 10.5 69.1 1980-1981 T 8.9 4.7 8.2 9.4 7.6 T 38.8 1979-1980 T T 1.2 4.3 6.2 6.2 T 17.9 1978-1979 T 2.1 6.8 10.5 19.7 0.8 T 39.9 Monthly Total Snowfall for ISLIP-LI MACARTHUR AP, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Year Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Season Mean T 0.8 1.2 8.7 9.0 1.8 3.4 25.0 1982-1983 0.0 0.0 3.2 1.5 26.1 T 1.1 31.9 1981-1982 0.0 0.0 1.0 18.1 0.3 T 16.0 35.4 1980-1981 0.0 T 0.5 13.2 T 7.1 0.0 20.8 1979-1980 T 0.0 1.5 4.0 1.5 2.0 0.0 9.0 1978-1979 0.0 4.0 T 6.9 17.2 T T 28.1 Monthly Total Snowfall for STATE COLLEGE, PA Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Year Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Season Mean 0.2 2.6 14.1 18.7 10.4 7.4 1.1 54.6 1977-1978 1.0 7.2 22.2 41.7 14.8 11.2 0.1 98.2 1976-1977 T 1.1 9.9 13.2 7.6 7.2 1.8 40.8 1975-1976 0.0 T 8.5 15.2 10.9 8.1 0.2 42.9 1974-1975 T 2.2 13.7 14.9 14.0 4.2 1.1 50.1 1973-1974 0.0 2.7 16.4 8.7 4.7 6.1 2.3 40.9 Monthly Total Snowfall for ISLIP-LI MACARTHUR AP, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Year Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Season Mean 0.0 0.3 3.5 11.5 14.2 5.5 T 34.9 1977-1978 0.0 0.8 0.2 27.7 28.9 10.4 T 68.0 1973-1974 0.0 0.0 T 9.0 17.0 8.0 T 34.0 1975-1976 0.0 T 11.0 7.8 7.5 3.9 0.0 30.2 1976-1977 0.0 T 6.2 11.2 6.6 4.0 0.0 28.0 1974-1975 0.0 0.5 T 1.8 11.0 1.2 T 14.5

-10 dewpoints around 950mb when the precip started allowed the temperatures to fall below freezing in narrow layer. SFC 1010.3 30 7.1 1.9 341 10 M 1000.0 114 6.4 -0.1 342 15 S 950.0 532 4.8 -10.4 334 23 S 900.0 974 6.3 -6.6 301 22 M 850.0 1444 6.9 3.8 274 31 S 800.0 1943 6.4 3.1 266 44

The climate models did a pretty good job overall when averaged out.

The blocking high to the north kept the warm sector down near DC today as the front is stalled out across the area.

January was the cold month in 03-04. The cold was longer lasting in 02-03. But since January 04 was the 3rd coldest month for JFK, it was memorable. Monthly Mean Avg Temperature for JFK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Year Dec Jan Feb Season 1976-1977 30.1 21.9 32.1 28.0 1977-1978 34.3 29.2 26.8 30.1 1967-1968 36.7 25.6 27.9 30.1 1962-1963 32.3 30.0 28.7 30.3 2002-2003 34.8 27.6 29.2 30.5 1993-1994 36.9 26.3 29.3 30.8 1958-1959 30.0 31.1 32.0 31.0 1960-1961 31.4 27.6 35.0 31.3 1963-1964 29.9 33.5 31.4 31.6 1961-1962 34.1 30.5 30.2 31.6 1969-1970 35.2 26.7 33.3 31.7 1968-1969 33.0 31.2 30.8 31.7 2003-2004 37.1 24.6 34.4 32.0 2014-2015 41.4 30.7 24.5 32.2 2010-2011 33.0 29.1 34.9 32.3 1970-1971 35.0 27.9 34.2 32.4 1964-1965 36.5 28.5 32.3 32.4 1978-1979 39.3 33.2 25.0 32.5 2013-2014 38.1 28.6 31.1 32.6 2000-2001 31.3 31.8 35.1 32.7 1955-1956 29.9 32.5 36.2 32.9 Time Series Summary for JFK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Rank Year-Month Mean Avg Temperature Missing Count 1 1977-01 21.9 0 2 2015-02 24.5 0 3 2004-01 24.6 0 4 1979-02 25.0 0 5 1968-01 25.6 0 6 1994-01 26.3 0 7 1981-01 26.5 0 8 1989-12 26.6 0 9 1982-01 26.7 0 - 1970-01 26.7 0 10 1978-02 26.8 0

The last winter below freezing at JFK was 2002-2003. Time Series Summary for JFK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Rank Season Mean Avg Temperature Missing Count 1 1976-1977 28.0 0 2 1977-1978 30.1 0 - 1967-1968 30.1 0 3 1962-1963 30.3 2 4 2002-2003 30.5 0 5 1993-1994 30.8 0 6 1958-1959 31.0 6 7 1960-1961 31.3 0 8 1963-1964 31.6 0 - 1961-1962 31.6 0 9 1969-1970 31.7 0 - 1968-1969 31.7 0 10 2003-2004 32.0 0 11 2014-2015 32.2 0 12 2010-2011 32.3 0 13 1970-1971 32.4 0 - 1964-1965 32.4 2 14 1978-1979 32.5 0 15 2013-2014 32.6 0 16 2000-2001 32.7 0 17 1955-1956 32.9 0

Yeah, it was the 6th coldest August into January period for NYC. 2nd coldest January in NYC. It was the coldest January in Philly Time Series Summary for NY CITY CENTRAL PARK, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Rank Ending Date Mean Avg Temperature Aug 1 to Jan 31 Missing Count 1 1869-01-31 34.6 153 2 1918-01-31 46.8 0 3 1888-01-31 47.0 0 4 1881-01-31 47.1 0 5 1884-01-31 47.2 0 6 1977-01-31 47.8 0 7 1877-01-31 47.9 2 - 1872-01-31 47.9 0 8 1883-01-31 48.5 0 - 1873-01-31 48.5 0 9 1904-01-31 48.7 2 - 1893-01-31 48.7 0 Time Series Summary for NY CITY CENTRAL PARK, NY - Month of Jan Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Rank Year Mean Avg Temperature Missing Count 1 1918 21.7 0 2 1977 22.0 0 3 1888 23.2 0 4 1920 23.4 0 5 1875 23.6 1 6 1912 23.7 0 7 1893 23.8 0 8 1883 24.4 0 9 1884 24.5 0 10 1881 24.6 0 Time Series Summary for Philadelphia Area, PA (ThreadEx) - Month of Jan Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Rank Year Mean Avg Temperature Missing Count 1 1977 20.0 0 2 1893 24.0 0 3 1918 24.1 0 4 1970 24.5 0 5 1982 24.7 0 6 1945 24.8 0 7 1961 25.0 0 8 1875 25.2 0 9 1981 25.3 0 - 1940 25.3 0 10 1912 25.4 0

Not even sure if a winter below freezing is possible again like our last one in 13-14. So a winter in the 20s is probably out of the question absent some type of super volcanic eruption. Winters have just warmed too much. 30 1993-1994 31.1 0 - 1934-1935 31.1 0 32 2002-2003 31.2 0 - 1967-1968 31.2 0 - 1909-1910 31.2 0 - 1870-1871 31.2 4 36 2014-2015 31.4 0

Yeah, 76-77 was the last top 10 coldest winter in NYC going back to around 1870. Places with a shorter period of record like HPN and ISP were the coldest. Was actually the coldest winter at Philly going back to 1875. Was the 3rd coldest Dec-Jan in NYC. Time Series Summary for NY CITY CENTRAL PARK, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Rank Season Mean Avg Temperature Missing Count 1 1917-1918 25.7 0 2 1880-1881 26.5 0 3 1903-1904 27.3 0 4 1919-1920 27.4 0 5 1874-1875 27.7 4 - 1872-1873 27.7 0 7 1904-1905 28.1 0 8 1935-1936 28.3 0 9 1976-1977 28.4 0 - 1884-1885 28.4 0 - 1882-1883 28.4 0 10 1892-1893 28.6 0 - 1887-1888 28.6 0 Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Rank Ending Date Mean Avg Temperature Dec 1 to Jan 31 Missing Count 1 1918-01-31 23.3 0 2 1881-01-31 25.5 0 3 1977-01-31 26.0 0 4 1877-01-31 26.4 0 5 1920-01-31 26.8 0 6 1873-01-31 27.0 0 7 1883-01-31 27.5 0 8 1893-01-31 28.0 0 - 1884-01-31 28.0 0 9 1888-01-31 28.3 0 10 1904-01-31 28.4 0 Time Series Summary for WESTCHESTER CO AP, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Rank Season Mean Avg Temperature Missing Count 1 1976-1977 23.8 0 2 1977-1978 24.7 1 3 1962-1963 25.9 1 4 1978-1979 26.4 0 - 1960-1961 26.4 1 5 1993-1994 26.6 3 6 1958-1959 27.1 0 7 2002-2003 27.2 0 - 1969-1970 27.2 0 2014-2015 27.5 2 8 1981-1982 27.7 1 Time Series Summary for ISLIP-LI MACARTHUR AP, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Rank Season Mean Avg Temperature Missing Count 1 1976-1977 27.0 0 2 1977-1978 27.1 0 3 1967-1968 27.4 0 4 1969-1970 29.2 0 5 2002-2003 29.3 0 6 1993-1994 29.4 0 7 1968-1969 29.8 0 8 2014-2015 30.0 0 - 1963-1964 30.0 2 9 1978-1979 30.1 0 10 2010-2011 30.4 0 Time Series Summary for Poughkeepsie Area, NY (ThreadEx) Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Rank Season Mean Avg Temperature Missing Count 1 1960-1961 21.8 0 2 1962-1963 22.3 0 3 1969-1970 22.4 0 - 1944-1945 22.4 1 4 1976-1977 22.5 0 - 1947-1948 22.5 0 5 1993-1994 23.5 8 - 1933-1934 23.5 3 6 1977-1978 23.6 0 7 1935-1936 23.7 4 8 2002-2003 24.1 0 9 1958-1959 24.4 2 Time Series Summary for Philadelphia Area, PA (ThreadEx) Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Rank Season Mean Avg Temperature Missing Count 1 1976-1977 28.0 0 2 1962-1963 28.3 0 - 1903-1904 28.3 0 4 1977-1978 28.4 0 5 1917-1918 28.5 0 6 1904-1905 28.6 0 - 1874-1875 28.6 0 8 1880-1881 28.7 0 9 1960-1961 28.9 0 10 1892-1893 29.4 0 11 1935-1936 29.7 0 - 1884-1885 29.7 0 13 1876-1877 30.0 0 Time Series Summary for NEWARK LIBERTY INTL AP, NJ Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Rank Season Mean Avg Temperature Missing Count 1 1935-1936 27.1 0 2 1976-1977 27.6 0 3 1933-1934 27.7 0 4 1977-1978 28.6 0 5 1947-1948 28.9 0 6 1944-1945 29.2 0 7 1962-1963 29.4 0 8 1969-1970 30.1 0 - 1934-1935 30.1 0 9 1939-1940 30.3 0 10 2014-2015 30.4 0 Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Rank Season Mean Avg Temperature Missing Count 1 1976-1977 28.0 0 2 1977-1978 30.1 0 - 1967-1968 30.1 0 3 1962-1963 30.3 2 4 2002-2003 30.5 0 5 1993-1994 30.8 0 6 1958-1959 31.0 6 7 1960-1961 31.3 0 8 1963-1964 31.6 0 - 1961-1962 31.6 0 9 1969-1970 31.7 0 - 1968-1969 31.7 0 10 2003-2004 32.0 0 Time Series Summary for Mount Pocono Area, PA (ThreadEx) Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Rank Season Mean Avg Temperature Missing Count 1 1917-1918 15.8 6 2 1919-1920 17.3 1 3 1935-1936 17.9 0 4 1903-1904 18.1 3 5 1933-1934 19.3 0 6 1904-1905 19.5 4 7 1962-1963 19.6 0 8 1976-1977 19.7 2 9 1977-1978 19.8 0 10 1987-1988 20.5 30 - 1969-1970 20.5 0

But Buffalo gets bigger individual snowstorms than Caribou does with the lake effect. for Buffalo Area, NY (ThreadEx) Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Rank Value Ending Date Missing Days 1 56.1 2001-12-28 0 2 48.1 2001-12-29 0 3 43.0 2022-12-25 0 4 42.3 1995-12-11 0 5 41.4 1995-12-10 0 6 40.2 2022-12-24 0 7 38.9 2000-11-20 0 8 38.8 1976-12-02 0 9 36.6 2022-11-19 0 10 36.0 1945-12-16 0 11 35.0 1995-12-12 0 12 34.8 2001-12-27 0 13 34.6 1945-12-17 0 14 33.4 2001-12-26 0 15 33.2 1985-01-21 0 16 30.8 2000-11-21 0 for Caribou Area, ME (ThreadEx) Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Rank Value Ending Date Missing Days 1 33.1 2005-12-27 0 2 29.8 2005-12-26 0 3 29.5 2003-02-04 0 4 29.2 1984-03-14 0 5 29.0 1984-03-15 0 6 28.6 1984-03-16 0 7 27.3 2003-12-17 0 - 27.3 2003-12-16 0 9 27.1 2003-12-15 0 10 26.3 1982-04-09 0 - 26.3 1982-04-08 0 12 26.1 2005-12-28 0 13 23.8 2003-02-03 0 14 23.6 2001-04-02 0 15 23.3 1962-12-31 0 16 22.8 1982-04-07 0 17 22.4 1963-01-01 0 18 22.2 2001-04-01 0 19 22.0 1981-03-19 0 20 21.7 1986-01-05 0

Most frontloaded snowfall season on record for Buffalo. Total Snowfall for Buffalo Area, NY (ThreadEx) Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Year Nov Dec Season 2022 36.9 64.7 101.6 2000 45.6 50.3 95.9 1976 31.3 60.7 92.0 2001 0.0 82.7 82.7 1995 15.7 61.2 76.9 lick column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Year Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Season 1976-1977 0.2 31.3 60.7 68.3 22.7 13.5 2.2 198.9 2000-2001 T 45.6 50.3 19.6 9.8 32.8 0.6 158.7 1977-1978 T 15.0 53.4 56.5 21.7 5.8 1.8 154.2 1995-1996 0.0 15.7 61.2 25.3 11.9 24.1 3.2 141.4 2022-2023 T 36.9 64.7 14.7 7.3 9.7 M 133.3

First 30”+ rainfall season at San Francisco since the 82-83 and 97-98 super El Niño’s. Also notice how the 16-17 heavy rains came close and were one year after the 15-16 super El Niño. Record March storm yesterday. Time Series Summary for SAN FRANCISCO DOWNTOWN, CA Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Rank Ending Date Total Precipitation Oct 1 to Mar 31 Missing Count 1 1862-03-31 47.73 0 2 1890-03-31 43.33 3 3 1998-03-31 40.25 0 4 1868-03-31 36.23 0 5 1878-03-31 33.93 0 6 1982-03-31 33.70 0 7 1973-03-31 33.67 0 8 1983-03-31 33.50 0 9 1850-03-31 32.64 0 10 1867-03-31 32.45 0 11 2023-03-31 30.69 10 12 1995-03-31 30.60 0 13 1952-03-31 30.27 0 14 2017-03-31 29.98 0 15 1876-03-31 29.62 0

The UHI lows around NYC were similar to the ocean influence at MTP. Data for December 1, 2022 through February 28, 2023 Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. State Name Station Type Mean Min Temperature NY WORLD TRADE CENTER WBAN 37.0 NY NY CITY CENTRAL PARK WBAN 34.9 NY LAGUARDIA AIRPORT WBAN 34.8 NY MONTAUK AIRPORT WBAN 34.5 NJ NEWARK LIBERTY INTL AP WBAN 33.4 NY RIVERHEAD RESEARCH FARM COOP 32.9 NY ORIENT POINT STATE PARK COOP 32.9 NY JFK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT WBAN 32.6 NY FARMINGDALE REPUBLIC AP WBAN 32.1 NJ HARRISON COOP 31.3 NY BAITING HOLLOW COOP 31.3 NY CENTERPORT COOP 30.9 CT NEW HAVEN TWEED AP WBAN 30.9 NY ISLIP-LI MACARTHUR AP WBAN 30.7 CT GROTON NEW LONDON AP WBAN 30.6 NJ TETERBORO AIRPORT WBAN 30.4 NY SHIRLEY BROOKHAVEN AIRPORT WBAN 30.4 CT IGOR I SIKORSKY MEMORIAL AIRPORT WBAN 30.0 NY SYOSSET COOP 30.0 NJ CALDWELL ESSEX COUNTY AP WBAN 29.5 NY WESTCHESTER CO AP WBAN 29.5 NJ CANOE BROOK COOP 29.1 CT NORWICH PUBLIC UTILITY PLANT COOP 28.9 NY BRIDGEHAMPTON COOP 28.2 NY UPTON COOP - NWSFO NEW YORK COOP 27.6 NY WEST POINT COOP 27.4 CT DANBURY MUNICIPAL AP WBAN 27.3 CT GUILFORD COOP 26.9 CT OXFORD WATERBURY WBAN 26.7 NY WESTHAMPTON GABRESKI AP WBAN 26.6 CT MERIDEN MARKHAM MUNICIPAL AP WBAN 26.6 NJ CHARLOTTEBURG RESERVOIR COOP 26.2 NY SHRUB OAK COOP 25.0 NY CARMEL 4N COOP 24.9 NY PORT JERVIS COOP 23.8 NY MONTGOMERY ORANGE COUNTY AP WBAN 23.3

A winter average at MPO near or over 30° is the equivalent of 40° or higher around NYC.

3rd warmest for MPO an 5th warmest at JFK. Time Series Summary for Mount Pocono Area, PA (ThreadEx) Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Rank Season Mean Avg Temperature Missing Count 1 2015-2016 31.5 0 2 2001-2002 31.4 0 3 2022-2023 31.1 0 - 2011-2012 31.1 1 4 1997-1998 30.4 10 5 1931-1932 30.2 0 6 1932-1933 29.4 22 7 2016-2017 29.2 0 8 1949-1950 29.1 0 9 1991-1992 29.0 38 10 1953-1954 28.9 12 Time Series Summary for JFK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Rank Season Mean Avg Temperature Missing Count 1 2015-2016 40.8 0 2 2001-2002 40.5 0 3 2011-2012 40.0 0 4 2016-2017 39.5 0 5 2022-2023 39.4 0 6 1997-1998 39.1 0 7 2019-2020 38.7 0 8 1990-1991 38.5 0 9 1982-1983 38.4 0 10 1974-1975 37.9 0

There is some new World Trade Center site that just showed up that is warmer than both NYC and LGA. But it looks like some type of equipment error since the difference looks too big. Not even sure where they would find a spot for the sensors. Maybe Don knows. Data for December 1, 2022 through March 21, 2023 Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. State Name Station Type Mean Avg Temperature NY WORLD TRADE CENTER WBAN 44.1 NJ NEWARK LIBERTY INTL AP WBAN 41.4 NY LAGUARDIA AIRPORT WBAN 41.2 NY NY CITY CENTRAL PARK WBAN 41.2 NY MONTAUK AIRPORT WBAN 40.7 NY FARMINGDALE REPUBLIC AP WBAN 39.9 NY RIVERHEAD RESEARCH FARM COOP 39.8 NY JFK INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT WBAN 39.7 NY ORIENT POINT STATE PARK COOP 39.6 NY BAITING HOLLOW COOP 39.5 CT NEW HAVEN TWEED AP WBAN 39.3 NJ HARRISON COOP 39.2 CT GROTON NEW LONDON AP WBAN 39.2 NY ISLIP-LI MACARTHUR AP WBAN 39.0

The airport where the official temperatures are taken in Philly is south of the main built up UHI area in Philly. So It doesn’t capture the warmest parts of the city like NYC and LGA during winter. The Franklin Institute closer to downtown is warmer. Average temperatures PA NORTHEAST PHILADELPHIA AIRPORT WBAN 39.8 PA PHILADELPHIA FRANKLIN INSTITUTE COOP 42.0 PA PHILADELPHIA INTL AP WBAN 41.2 Average Minimum more UHI Franklin Institute Data for December 1, 2022 through February 28, 2023 Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. State Name Station Type Mean Min Temperature PA PHILADELPHIA FRANKLIN INSTITUTE COOP 35.0 DE LEWES COOP 34.8 MD ROYAL OAK 2 SSW COOP 33.8 NJ CAPE MAY 2 NW COOP 33.7 DE GEORGETOWN-DELAWARE COASTAL AIRPORT WBAN 33.4 PA PHILADELPHIA INTL AP WBAN 33.2 NJ SEABROOK FARMS COOP 33.0 MD STEVENSVILLE 2SW COOP 33.0 DE DOVER COOP 32.8 NJ MARGATE COOP 32.8 NJ EB FORSYTHE NEW JERSEY RAWS 32.7 DE WILMINGTON PORTER RES COOP 32.0 NJ LONG BRANCH-OAKHURST COOP 31.1 DE WILMINGTON NEW CASTLE CO AP WBAN 30.9 NJ MANASQUAN 1 NW COOP 30.9 PA NORTHEAST PHILADELPHIA AIRPORT WBAN 30.9

Even interior areas struggled to get much below freezing for average temperatures this winter.

Yeah, everything has been Modoki since then. The ultimate strength will come down to how much follow up WWB action we get. 15-16 had the follow through after the early spring activity. But the WWBs weakened in 14-15 after a strong start. So the spring forecast barrier makes location of and strength of the strongest SST anomalies tough. The only certainty is that this one is starting out east bast. Where it will end up is hard to know this early.

The record MJO driving the warming was a little stronger than 1997 and 2015 super El Niño’s in the early development. The subsurface points to more east based at least to start. But who who knows what things will look like down the road.

At least NYC wasn’t alone this winter.

Hard to say since we haven’t had an east based El Niño since the late 90s. While it’s still too early to know, the Euro had an east based early signal. But we are still in the spring forecast barrier period. So things can still change.

Hard to say but the SST anomalies off of Peru are very impressive. It’s been a while since the EPAC was warmer than the WPAC near the equator.