donsutherland1

Today was another hot day in the Middle Atlantic region. 90° or above high temperatures included: Allentown: 98° (old record: 95°, 1941) Atlantic City: 98° Baltimore: 101° (old record: 100°, 1988) Harrisburg: 99° (old record: 97°, 1988) New York City-Central Park: 93° New York City-LaGuardia Airport: 94° Newark: 95° Philadelphia: 98° Reading: 101° (old record: 96°, 1921) ***highest June temperature since June 26, 1952*** Sterling, VA: 100° (old record: 99°, 1988) Washington, DC: 100° Wilmington, DE: 96° A long stretch of above to much above normal temperatures continues. Tomorrow will be another hot day, but strong to severe thunderstorms could develop. A brief push of cooler air is likely toward the end of the month. More heat could arrive in early July. Baltimore, New York City, Newark, Philadelphia, and Washington, DC are currently experiencing heatwaves. Following New York City's 4th warmest spring and Philadelphia's 6th warmest spring, it is very likely that June 2024 will rank among the 10 warmest Junes on record in both cities. Records go back to 1869 in New York City and 1874 in Philadelphia. The latest summer guidance continues to suggest a warmer to much warmer than normal summer lies ahead. The ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly was -0.6°C and the Region 3.4 anomaly was 0.0°C for the week centered around June 12. For the past six weeks, the ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly has averaged -0.80°C and the ENSO Region 3.4 anomaly has averaged +0.15°C. Neutral ENSO conditions will likely evolve into a La Niña event during the late summer or early fall. The SOI was -9.42 yesterday. The preliminary Arctic Oscillation (AO) was +1.399 today. Based on sensitivity analysis applied to the latest guidance, there is an implied near 100% probability that New York City will have a warmer than normal June (1991-2020 normal). June will likely finish with a mean temperature near 75.7° (3.7° above normal). That would make June 2024 the second warmest June on record.

Today was the hottest day so far this summer in parts of the region. High temperatures included: Bridgeport: 91° New York City-Central Park: 94° New York City-JFK Airport: 91° New York City-LaGuardia Airport: 97° Newark: 100° (tied record set in 1953) A long stretch of above to much above normal temperatures is now underway. A brief push of cooler air is likely toward the end of the month. More heat could arrive to start July. Baltimore, Newark, Philadelphia, and Washington, DC are currently experiencing heatwaves. Following New York City's 4th warmest spring and Philadelphia's 6th warmest spring, it is very likely that June 2024 will rank among the 10 warmest Junes on record in both cities. Records go back to 1869 in New York City and 1874 in Philadelphia. The latest summer guidance continues to suggest a warmer to much warmer than normal summer lies ahead. The ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly was -0.6°C and the Region 3.4 anomaly was 0.0°C for the week centered around June 12. For the past six weeks, the ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly has averaged -0.80°C and the ENSO Region 3.4 anomaly has averaged +0.15°C. Neutral ENSO conditions will likely evolve into a La Niña event during the late summer or early fall. The SOI was -13.01 today. The preliminary Arctic Oscillation (AO) was +1.063 today. Based on sensitivity analysis applied to the latest guidance, there is an implied 99% probability that New York City will have a warmer than normal June (1991-2020 normal). June will likely finish with a mean temperature near 75.6° (3.6° above normal). That would make June 2024 the second warmest June on record.

It's a fascinating piece. I don't think society is doomed to such an end. At least not yet. Societal simplification or collapse of civilization on a local/regional/global scale is a plausible scenario. Numerous drivers create the risk: climate change where global temperatures rise faster than species/societies can adapt; resource consumption that exceeds global resource production (chronic overshoot) driven by the assumption of perpetual growth unconstrained by sustainability in a finite world; economic systems that are highly efficient within narrow constraints but ill-suited for addressing larger structural issues, etc. There are also important political and geopolitical issues that enhance the impact of the above drivers. Alternative paths also exist. But taking those paths will not be effortless. They will entail challenges that seemingly make the unsustainable status quo approach seem more attractive, as the highest costs of that unsustainable approach still lie in the future. As wonderful as technology is, it may also represent a barrier to departing a familiar, comfortable, but unsustainable status quo. Big things can be done quickly. The Manhattan Plan and Apollo Projects are two examples. The world's coming together to address the threat CFCs posed to the Ozone layer is another. Fossil fuels can be rapidly eliminated. It's a political choice, not a technological one. Defeatist claims that it is impossible have zero merit. Thanks to years and decades of relative inaction, the transition will be bumpier than it would otherwise have been. Additional delay will only make the transition even tougher. That path has largely not been taken, because when it comes to phasing out fossil fuels, the necessary courage, creativity, and leadership have been largely absent. Words set forth at annual COP conferences that are not backed by binding targets and credible enforcement mechanisms ring hollow. COP28 was a failure. The $7 trillion in direct and indirect global subsidies provided to the fossil fuel industry each year feeds the societal addiction and underwrites the industry's ability to distort public policy. Messaging on fossil fuels and climate change is weak and ineffective. Rather than describing heat and heat-related deaths in abstract terms, messaging that would tie the industry to deaths and other harm from the added warming caused by their hazardous products would be better. It would shift the question as to whether the industry should maintain license to take a growing number of lives, just as ultimately became the proposition related to the tobacco industry. The rapid advance of technology has seduced policymakers into an almost blind belief that a technological miracle will rescue them from the consequences of their own inaction. Thus, they cling to that faith and do little. For me, the question is whether there will be a shock of sufficient size that will galvanize humanity to break free from the status quo before an irreversible inflection point is reached at some unknown point in the future. I'm not sure what magnitude is required, but tragically it would likely need to be vastly larger than what the world has already experienced. Otherwise, as has happened in the face of growing heat, drought, and fire disasters, humanity will simply normalize such events and carry on. Should one accept a hopeless fate? No. Humanity still has plenty of agency. So long as humanity can shape the future, catastrophe can be averted. So long as that capacity exists, catastrophe remains a choice, even as some try to assert that choice does not exist. It is a choice, because human society knows what needs to be done and already has the tools to change course. Today, humanity can still avert societal simplification. The effort will be difficult--far more difficult than it would have been decades ago. It should make that effort, if not for the contemporary generation, certainly for future generations who will inherit what is left to them.

That’s an informative paper. The mechanism involved produces an outcome Jessica Tierney and others found when researching equilibrium climate sensitivity during the Eocene Thermal Maximum. ECS was higher and they attributed the higher ECS to changes in clouds. This most recent study raises an interesting question as to whether the modest acceleration in warming and increase in the Earth Energy Imbalance might have more to do with clouds than a reduction in aerosols.

The Canadian data is in a different database. He may not have incorporated it.

I think the process will become steadier during the second half of summer. A strong La Niña is looking less likely than it did a few months ago. I suspect a moderate one is probably the most likely outcome right now.

A long stretch of above to much above normal temperatures is now underway. That temperature regime will likely persist through much of the remainder of June. A brief push of cooler air is possible toward the end of the month. New York City reached 90° for the first time this season. Baltimore, Newark, Philadelphia, and Washington, DC are currently experiencing heatwaves. Following New York City's 4th warmest spring and Philadelphia's 6th warmest spring, it is very likely that June 2024 will rank among the 10 warmest Junes on record in both cities. Records go back to 1869 in New York City and 1874 in Philadelphia. The latest summer guidance continues to suggest a warmer to much warmer than normal summer lies ahead. The ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly was -0.6°C and the Region 3.4 anomaly was 0.0°C for the week centered around June 12. For the past six weeks, the ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly has averaged -0.80°C and the ENSO Region 3.4 anomaly has averaged +0.15°C. Neutral ENSO conditions will likely evolve into a La Niña event during the late summer or early fall. The SOI was -13.01 yesterday. The preliminary Arctic Oscillation (AO) was +0.795 today. Based on sensitivity analysis applied to the latest guidance, there is an implied 99% probability that New York City will have a warmer than normal June (1991-2020 normal). June will likely finish with a mean temperature near 75.7° (3.7° above normal). That would make June 2024 the second warmest June on record.

Some records for today: · Bathurst, NB: 100F/37.6C (new provincial June high temperature record) · Boston: 98F/36.7C (tied 6th highest June temperature on record) · Caribou, ME: 96F/35.6C (tied all-time record high) · Causapscal, QC: 97F/36.0C (new all-time record high) · Miramichi, NB: 99F/37.2C (tied highest June temperature on record) · North Cape, PE: 95F/34.9C (new all-time record and June provincial record) · Seboeis River near Shin Pond 5 NW, ME: 100F/37.8C (tied state monthly record for June) Burlington (80) and Caribou (71) remain on track to match their all-time record highest minimum temperatures.

A long stretch of above to much above normal temperatures is now underway. Newark and Washington, DC have now reached heatwave status. Parts of Upstate New York, northern New England and Quebec experienced record heat today. Records included: Albany: 94° (tied record set in 1995) Bangor: 95° (tied record set in 1995) Boston: 98° (old record: 96°, 1923) Caribou: 96° (tied record set in 2020) ***Tied all-time record*** Manchester: 98° (old record: 96°, 1941) Montreal: 92°/33.5°C (old record: 92°/33.1°C, 2001) Quebec City: 92°/33.4°C (old record: 92°/33.2°C, 2020) In addition, Bathurst, NB reached 100° (37.6°C). That set a new provincial record for June. The preliminary lows of 71° at Caribou and 80° at Burlington tied those cities' all-time record highest minimum temperatures. Following New York City's 4th warmest spring and Philadelphia's 6th warmest spring, it is very likely that June 2024 will rank among the 10 warmest Junes on record in both cities. Records go back to 1869 in New York City and 1874 in Philadelphia. Philadelphia will likely reach heatwave status tomorrow. There is a possibility that Philadelphia could go on to experience its longest June heatwave on record. The existing record is 7 days. That record was set during June 1-7, 1925 and tied during June 13-19, 1957. Philadelphia's records go back to December 1873. The latest summer guidance continues to suggest a warmer to much warmer than normal summer lies ahead. The ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly was -0.6°C and the Region 3.4 anomaly was 0.0°C for the week centered around June 12. For the past six weeks, the ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly has averaged -0.80°C and the ENSO Region 3.4 anomaly has averaged +0.15°C. Neutral ENSO conditions will likely evolve into a La Niña event during the late summer or early fall. The SOI was -13.01 today. The preliminary Arctic Oscillation (AO) was -0.021 today. Based on sensitivity analysis applied to the latest guidance, there is an implied 98% probability that New York City will have a warmer than normal June (1991-2020 normal). June will likely finish with a mean temperature near 75.7° (3.7° above normal). That would make June 2024 the second warmest June on record.

Several quick highlights: - Newark now has a heatwave - Caribou has tied its all-time record high of 96 - Burlington and Caribou are on track to tie their all-time record high minimum temperature

In addition, the 71° low temperature would set a new June mark and tie the all-time record.

A long stretch of above to much above normal temperatures is now underway. Parts of the region could experience their first heatwave of the summer this week. Newark should reach heatwave status tomorrow. The most anomalous heat will affect the Great Lakes region, Upstate New York, southern Canada, and northern New England. The potential exists for Burlington to make a run at 100° at the height of the heat and Caribou to approach or reach 96°. Following New York City's 4th warmest spring and Philadelphia's 6th warmest spring, it is very likely that June 2024 will rank among the 10 warmest Junes on record in both cities. Records go back to 1869 in New York City and 1874 in Philadelphia. The latest summer guidance continues to suggest a warmer to much warmer than normal summer lies ahead. The ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly was -0.6°C and the Region 3.4 anomaly was 0.0°C for the week centered around June 12. For the past six weeks, the ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly has averaged -0.80°C and the ENSO Region 3.4 anomaly has averaged +0.15°C. Neutral ENSO conditions will likely evolve into a La Niña event during the late summer or early fall. The SOI was +0.07 today. The preliminary Arctic Oscillation (AO) was -0.933 today. Based on sensitivity analysis applied to the latest guidance, there is an implied 95% probability that New York City will have a warmer than normal June (1991-2020 normal). June will likely finish with a mean temperature near 75.5° (3.5° above normal). That would make June 2024 the second warmest June on record.

A long stretch of above to much above normal temperatures is now developing. Parts of the region could experience their first heatwave of the summer this week. The most anomalous heat will affect the Great Lakes region, Upstate New York, southern Canada, and northern New England. The potential exists for Burlington to make a run at 100° at the height of the heat and Caribou to approach or reach 96°. Following New York City's 4th warmest spring and Philadelphia's 6th warmest spring, it is very likely that June 2024 will rank among the 10 warmest Junes on record in both cities. Records go back to 1869 in New York City and 1874 in Philadelphia. The latest summer guidance continues to suggest a warmer to much warmer than normal summer lies ahead. The ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly was -0.6°C and the Region 3.4 anomaly was 0.0°C for the week centered around June 12. For the past six weeks, the ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly has averaged -0.80°C and the ENSO Region 3.4 anomaly has averaged +0.15°C. Neutral ENSO conditions will likely evolve into a La Niña event during the late summer or early fall. The preliminary Arctic Oscillation (AO) was -1.155 today. Based on sensitivity analysis applied to the latest guidance, there is an implied 94% probability that New York City will have a warmer than normal June (1991-2020 normal). June will likely finish with a mean temperature near 75.5° (3.5° above normal). That would make June 2024 the second warmest June on record.

The heat will begin to build tomorrow and a long stretch of above to much above normal temperatures will develop. Parts of the region could experience their first heatwave of the summer this week. The most anomalous heat will affect the Great Lakes region, Upstate New York, southern Canada, and northern New England. The potential exists for Burlington to make a run at 100° at the height of the heat and Caribou to approach or reach 96°. Following New York City's 4th warmest spring and Philadelphia's 6th warmest spring, it is very likely that June 2024 will rank among the 10 warmest Junes on record in both cities. Records go back to 1869 in New York City and 1874 in Philadelphia. The latest summer guidance continues to suggest a warmer to much warmer than normal summer lies ahead. The ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly was -0.5°C and the Region 3.4 anomaly was +0.1°C for the week centered around June 5. For the past six weeks, the ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly has averaged -0.57°C and the ENSO Region 3.4 anomaly has averaged +0.23°C. Neutral ENSO conditions will likely evolve into a La Niña event during the late summer or early fall. The SOI was +8.08 yesterday. The preliminary Arctic Oscillation (AO) was -0.842 today. Based on sensitivity analysis applied to the latest guidance, there is an implied 94% probability that New York City will have a warmer than normal June (1991-2020 normal). June will likely finish with a mean temperature near 75.5° (3.5° above normal). That would make June 2024 the second warmest June on record.

Tomorrow will end the weekend with abundant sunshine, low humidity, and comfortable temperatures. After staring in the low 60s in New York City and generally 50s outside the the City, the mercury will top out in the middle and upper 70s. Afterward, a long stretch of above to much above normal temperatures will develop. Parts of the region could experience their first heatwave of the summer next week. The most anomalous heat will affect the Great Lakes region, Upstate New York, southern Canada, and northern New England. The potential exists for Burlington to make a run at 100° at the height of the heat and Caribou to approach or reach 96°. Following New York City's 4th warmest spring and Philadelphia's 6th warmest spring, it is very likely that June 2024 will rank among the 10 warmest Junes on record in both cities. Records go back to 1869 in New York City and 1874 in Philadelphia. The latest summer guidance continues to suggest a warmer to much warmer than normal summer lies ahead. The ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly was -0.5°C and the Region 3.4 anomaly was +0.1°C for the week centered around June 5. For the past six weeks, the ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly has averaged -0.57°C and the ENSO Region 3.4 anomaly has averaged +0.23°C. Neutral ENSO conditions will likely evolve into a La Niña event during the late summer or early fall. The SOI was +8.08 today. The preliminary Arctic Oscillation (AO) was -0.264 today. Based on sensitivity analysis applied to the latest guidance, there is an implied 92% probability that New York City will have a warmer than normal June (1991-2020 normal). June will likely finish with a mean temperature near 75.5° (3.5° above normal). That would make June 2024 the second warmest June on record.

Following this evening's showers and thunderstorms, a pleasant weekend lies ahead. In New York City, highs will be in the upper 70s and lower 80s tomorrow and the middle and upper 70s on Sunday. Morning lows will be in the lower 60s in the City and 50s outside the City. Afterward, a long stretch of above to much above normal temperatures will develop. Parts of the region could experience their first heatwave of the summer next week. The most anomalous heat will affect the Great Lakes region, Upstate New York, southern Canada, and northern New England. The potential exists for Burlington to make a run at 100° at the height of the heat. Following New York City's 4th warmest spring and Philadelphia's 6th warmest spring, there is a distinct possibility that June 2024 will rank among the 10 warmest Junes on record in both cities. Records go back to 1869 in New York City and 1874 in Philadelphia. The latest summer guidance continues to suggest a warmer to much warmer than normal summer lies ahead. The ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly was -0.5°C and the Region 3.4 anomaly was +0.1°C for the week centered around June 5. For the past six weeks, the ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly has averaged -0.57°C and the ENSO Region 3.4 anomaly has averaged +0.23°C. Neutral ENSO conditions will likely evolve into a La Niña event during the late summer or early fall. The SOI was +4.22 yesterday. The preliminary Arctic Oscillation (AO) was +0.220 today. Based on sensitivity analysis applied to the latest guidance, there is an implied 90% probability that New York City will have a warmer than normal June (1991-2020 normal). June will likely finish with a mean temperature near 75.4° (3.4° above normal). That would tie June 2024 with June 1966 as the second warmest June on record.

Yes. I suspect that the 1915-48 period did not provide reliable data for Phoenixville. The site record doesn’t provide sufficient information to know whether the equipment was flawed or its siting was flawed. Fortunately, as you noted, NOAA addresses such issues.

I agree. There is very likely an issue with the earlier Phoenixville numbers for 95F days. To look further into the matter, I ran regression equations based on the 1950-1980 period testing West Chester and Phoenixville and West Chester and Coatesville. The West Chester - Phoenixville equation broke down badly when applied to the 1930-1949 period, ballooning from 2.8 days to 12.4 days. The West Chester - Coatesville equation held reasonably consistent. This disparity suggested that the issue concerned Phoenixville, not West Chester. To determine whether the 1950-1980 period was an issue, I also tested that equation for 1981-2015 for West Chester - Phoenixville. The equation held up reasonably well. The Coatesville data record ended in 1982, so I could not test the West Chester - Coatesville relationship. In sum, the combination of the consistency of the West Chester - Phoenixville equation for the 1950-1980 and 1981-2015 periods and the consistency of the West Chester - Coatesville equations for the 1930-1949 and 1950-80 periods strongly argues that Phoenixville's 1930-1949 measurements were at issue and are not reliable. The Phoenixville station history can be found here: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/datasets/GHCND/stations/GHCND:USC00366927/detail and https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/datasets/GHCND/stations/GHCND:USC00366927/detail In terms of predicted vs. actual 95F days, the 1930-1949 period for Phoenixville was wildly out of line, even vastly exceeding the 95% confidence limit. Considering that the average number of 95F days exceeded the predicted figure for maximum such days during the entire period, it is very likely that the 1930-1949 data for Phoenixville is not reliable. Moreover, based on the predicted values, it is more likely than not that Phoenixville is experiencing an increase in 95F days in line with the other sites.

Tomorrow will be very warm with a high in the middle and upper 80s. Some hot spots could reach or exceed 90°. A strong thunderstorm is possible during the afternoon or evening as a cold front crosses the region. Any thunderstorm could contain briefly heavy downpours, gusty winds, and possibly some hail. A pleasant weekend will follow. Afterward, the potential exists for a long stretch of above to much above normal temperatures. Parts of the region could experience their first heatwave of the summer next week. Following New York City's 4th warmest spring and Philadelphia's 6th warmest spring, there is a distinct possibility that June 2024 will rank among the 10 warmest Junes on record in both cities. Records go back to 1869 in New York City and 1874 in Philadelphia. The latest summer guidance continues to suggest a warmer to much warmer than normal summer lies ahead. The ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly was -0.5°C and the Region 3.4 anomaly was +0.1°C for the week centered around June 5. For the past six weeks, the ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly has averaged -0.57°C and the ENSO Region 3.4 anomaly has averaged +0.23°C. Neutral ENSO conditions will likely evolve into a La Niña event during the late summer or early fall. The SOI was +4.22 today. The preliminary Arctic Oscillation (AO) was +0.950 today. Based on sensitivity analysis applied to the latest guidance, there is an implied 87% probability that New York City will have a warmer than normal June (1991-2020 normal). June will likely finish with a mean temperature near 75.2° (3.2° above normal). That would tie June 2024 with June 1994 as the third warmest June on record.

Tomorrow and Friday will be very warm days with temperatures rising into the middle and upper 80s. Some hot spots could reach or exceed 90°. A thundershower is possible on Friday as a cold front crosses the region. A pleasnt weekend will follow. Afterward, the potential exists for a long stretch of above to much above normal temperatures. Parts of the region could experience their first heatwave of the summer. Following New York City's 4th warmest spring and Philadelphia's 6th warmest spring, there is a distinct possibility that June 2024 will rank among the 10 warmest Junes on record in both cities. Records go back to 1869 in New York City and 1874 in Philadelphia. The latest summer guidance continues to suggest a warmer to much warmer than normal summer lies ahead. The ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly was -0.5°C and the Region 3.4 anomaly was +0.1°C for the week centered around June 5. For the past six weeks, the ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly has averaged -0.57°C and the ENSO Region 3.4 anomaly has averaged +0.23°C. Neutral ENSO conditions will likely evolve into a La Niña event during the late summer or early fall. The SOI was -6.40 today. The preliminary Arctic Oscillation (AO) was +0.953 today. Based on sensitivity analysis applied to the latest guidance, there is an implied 86% probability that New York City will have a warmer than normal June (1991-2020 normal). June will likely finish with a mean temperature near 75.2° (3.2° above normal).

That he's again hinting at cold and pulling the most extreme (even flawed maps) to illustrate his thinking is no longer surprising. It damages what's left of his credibility, but he seems to place clicks above credibility at this stage of his career. He is nowhere close to what he once was at Accuweather.

Tomorrow will be a bit warmer with temperatures reaching the upper 70s and lower 80s. A warming trend will commence after midweek. Afterward, following a weekend with near normal temperatures from a brief push of somewhat cooler air, the potential exists for a long stretch of above to much above normal temperatures. Following New York City's 4th warmest spring and Philadelphia's 6th warmest spring, there is a distinct possibility that June 2024 will rank among the 10 warmest Junes on record in both cities. Records go back to 1869 in New York City and 1874 in Philadelphia. The latest summer guidance continues to suggest a warmer to much warmer than normal summer lies ahead. The ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly was -0.5°C and the Region 3.4 anomaly was +0.1°C for the week centered around June 5. For the past six weeks, the ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly has averaged -0.57°C and the ENSO Region 3.4 anomaly has averaged +0.23°C. Neutral ENSO conditions will likely evolve into a La Niña event during the late summer or early fall. The SOI was -11.88 today. The preliminary Arctic Oscillation (AO) was -0.039 today. Based on sensitivity analysis applied to the latest guidance, there is an implied 87% probability that New York City will have a warmer than normal June (1991-2020 normal). June will likely finish with a mean temperature near 75.3° (3.3° above normal).

Tomorrow will be another comfortable day with the temperature topping out in the middle and upper 70s in much of the region. Minimum temperatures will again start in the lower 60s in New York City and 50s outside the City. A warming trend will commence after midweek. Afterward, the potential exists for a long stretch of above to much above normal temperatures. Following New York City's 4th warmest spring and Philadelphia's 6th warmest spring, there is a distinct possibility that June 2024 will rank among the 10 warmest Junes on record in both cities. Records go back to 1869 in New York City and 1874 in Philadelphia. The latest summer guidance continues to suggest a warmer to much warmer than normal summer lies ahead. The ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly was -0.5°C and the Region 3.4 anomaly was +0.1°C for the week centered around June 5. For the past six weeks, the ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly has averaged -0.57°C and the ENSO Region 3.4 anomaly has averaged +0.23°C. Neutral ENSO conditions will likely evolve into a La Niña event during the late summer or early fall. The SOI was -19.47 today. The preliminary Arctic Oscillation (AO) was -0.933 today. Based on sensitivity analysis applied to the latest guidance, there is an implied 85% probability that New York City will have a warmer than normal June (1991-2020 normal). June will likely finish with a mean temperature near 75.2° (3.2° above normal).

After some showers, the clouds broke making for a partly sunny and pleasant afternoon with readings in the 70s. The pleasant temperatures will continue for several more days. Through Tuesday, temperatures will top out in the middle and upper 70s in much of the region. Minimum temperatures will be in the lower 60s in New York City and 50s outside the City. A warming trend will likely commence after midweek. Afterward, the potential exists for a long stretch of above normal temperatures. Following New York City's 4th warmest spring and Philadelphia's 6th warmest spring, there is a distinct possibility that June 2024 will rank among the 10 warmest Junes on record in both cities. Records go back to 1869 in New York City and 1874 in Philadelphia. The latest summer guidance continues to suggest a warmer to much warmer than normal summer lies ahead. The ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly was -1.1°C and the Region 3.4 anomaly was +0.1°C for the week centered around May 29. For the past six weeks, the ENSO Region 1+2 anomaly has averaged -0.48°C and the ENSO Region 3.4 anomaly has averaged +0.35°C. Neutral ENSO conditions are underway. The neutral ENSO will likely evolve into a La Niña event during the summer or perhaps early fall. The SOI was -20.74 today. The preliminary Arctic Oscillation (AO) was -1.348 today. Based on sensitivity analysis applied to the latest guidance, there is an implied 81% probability that New York City will have a warmer than normal June (1991-2020 normal). June will likely finish with a mean temperature near 75.1° (3.1° above normal).