SACRUS

much different than the Euro which surges more warmth into the east coast 10/10 - beyond with a strong ridge into MS valley. Maybe a middle ground near / above normal is a good compromise at this point.

Records: Highs: EWR: 85 (2023) NYC: 87 (1919) LGA: 85 (2000) JFK: 84 (2002) Lows: EWR: 37 (1945) NYC: 38 (1974) LGA: 40 (1974) JFK: 40 (2003) Historical: 1780: A hurricane, which formed on October 1st, destroyed the port city of Savanna-la-Mar on the island of Jamaica on this day. By some estimates, this stormed caused 3,000 deaths. This storm is documented in the Jamaica Archives and Record Department. 1780: The hurricane season of 1780 was one of the worst in recorded history. At least 8 destructive storms struck American and Caribbean shores that year. In October, three storms in three successive weeks caused unparalleled economic and military destruction. The first, named the Savanna-La-Mer hurricane for the tiny settlement on the island of Jamaica which was completely destroyed by the storm's tides and winds, struck on this date. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1841 - An October gale, the worst of record for Nantucket, MA, caught the Cap Cod fishing fleet at sea. Forty ships were driven ashore on Cape Cod, and 57 men perished from the town of Truro alone. Heavy snow fell inland, with 18 inches near Middletown, CT. (David Ludlum) 1903: An unusual late-season tornado moved northeast from west of Chatfield, Minnesota, passing through and devastating St. Charles, Minnesota. Seven people were killed, and 30 injured as 50 homes and businesses were damaged or destroyed. 1912 - The longest dry spell of record in the U.S. commenced as Bagdad, CA, went 767 days without rain. (David Ludlum) 1963: Hurricane Flora, one of the deadliest hurricanes on record in the Atlantic Basin, battered Haiti with sustained winds around 150 mph. The storm moved northwestward, meandered over western Cuba from the 4th to the 8th, and then finally accelerated northeastward out to sea. 5,000 people were killed on Haiti with damage severe to complete. Enormous amounts of rain fell in Cuba due to Flora's slow movement. 90 inches of rain deluged Bayamo. A total of 7,200 people were killed by Flora and damage was set at $435 million dollars. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1964 - Hurricane Hilda struck Louisiana spawning many tornadoes, and claimed twenty-two lives. (Sandra and TI Richard Sanders) 1966: Late on this date Hurricane Inez began moving southwestward from a position about 100 miles east of Miami, FL. The eye of Inez moved from Key Largo to Key West on the 4th. The highest wind reported on the Florida mainland was a gust to 80 mph at Homestead AFB. All of the Keys reported winds of hurricane force ranging up to 100-125 mph in gusts. Three people were killed and 11 more were injured. Over $5 million dollars in damage resulted. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1970: The National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration was formed and the U.S. Weather Bureau became the National Weather Service. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1974: Richmond, Virginia had its earliest first freezing day of autumn on this date in 1974 when the temperature fell to 31 °F. (Ref. Richmond Weather Records) 1979 - The first killer tornado of record in October in Connecticut destroyed sixteen vintage aircraft at the Bradley Air Museum in Windsor Locks. The tornado damaged more than one hundred homes causing 200 million dollars damage. Three persons were killed, and 500 others were injured. (The Weather Channel) 1979: An F4 tornado struck the towns of Windsor, Windsor Locks, and Suffield in Connecticut, causing an estimated $400 million in property damage, on this day. The New England Air Museum, which housed more than 20 vintage aircraft, was destroyed. This tornado also caused a United Airlines flight to abort a landing at the Bradley International Airport because the pilot saw the tornado. 1983: A prolonged very heavy rain event, starting back on September 29th, finally came to an end over the eastern two-thirds of Arizona as rainfall totals ranged from 2 to 12 inches courtesy of moisture from the remains of Tropical Storm Octave. The result was the most destructive flooding ever in Arizona. 13 people were killed and 1,300 homes were destroyed. Damage was estimated at $178 million dollars. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1986 - Remnants of Hurricane Paine deluged Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas with 6 to 10 inch overnight rains. Hardy, OK, was drenched with 21.79 inches. Heavy rain between September 26th and October 4th caused 350 million dollars damage in Oklahoma. (The Weather Channel) 1987 - Twenty-five cities in the Upper Midwest, including ten in Iowa, reported record low temperatures for the date. Duluth MN, Eau Claire, WI, and Spencer, IA, dipped to 24 degrees. Temperatures warmed into the 80s in the Northern and Central High Plains Region. At Chadron, NE, the mercury soared from a morning low of 29 degrees to an afternoon high of 88 degrees. Temperatures soared above 100 degrees in southern California. The high of 108 degrees at Downtown Los Angeles was a record for October. (The National Weather Summary) 1988 - Cold Canadian air invaded the north central U.S. bringing an end to the growing season across those states. Unseasonably warm weather prevailed in the southwestern U.S. Phoenix, AZ, reported a record high of 105 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) 1989 - Unseasonably cold weather prevailed from the Pacific Northwest to the Upper Mississippi Valley. A dozen cities reported record low temperatures for the date, including Bismarck, ND, and Williston, ND, with readings of 16 degrees above zero. An upper level weather disturbance brought snow to parts of Idaho, Wyoming and Montana, with five inches reported at West Yellowstone, MT. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1992: A strong tropical disturbance in the eastern Gulf of Mexico spawned 10 tornadoes from the Tampa Bay area to Ocala, killing four people and injuring 77 others. Hardest hit was Pinellas County where all the deaths occurred. Heavy rain caused moderate to heavy flooding in northeast Florida, especially the Jacksonville area where 8.69 inches fell. Brunswick, GA was deluged with 10.14 inches in 24 hours. Major beach erosion occurred at Egmont Key and all along the coast of Hillsborough County. Total damage was estimated at $32 million dollars. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1999: Elkader, IA recorded their earliest measurable snowfall with a half an inch. Embarrass had a low temperature of 9 °F. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2000: Thunderstorms can still be a hazard in the fall season in CO’s Rocky Mts. two people were hurt when hit by lightning while at the Forest Canyon Overlook (approx. 12,000 feet elevation) on Trail Ridge Road. The thunderstorm gave little warning because it formed above them. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 2002: Hurricane Lili made landfall between White Lake and Vermilion Bay, Louisiana as a Category 1 storm. 2006: Illinois: Several cities tie or set new maximum temperature records. Dodge City, KS set their all-time October record high of 98 °F Peoria and Springfield hit 93 °F; Moline and Burlington, 95 °F. (Ref. WxDoctor) 2015: Unprecedented rainfall fell throughout South Carolina from October 1st — 5th, 2015. Storm total amounts greater than 20" were observed in Columbia and Sumter. 2017: The City of Houston had the wettest year on record with 73.51 inches. The previous wettest year was in 1900 when 72.86 inches were measured.

49 / 48 clear. Warming today to the 70s quickly from morning lows. Sat - Tue very warm low - mid 80s in the warmest spots, perhaps some areas get 86-87 on Mon/Tue but shy of records which are upper 80s/90s in the period.. Front overnight Tue / into Wed brings some rain. Cooler - near normal Wed (10/7) - Fri. Euro others warmer by the 10th, GFS the coolest. Overall looks near / above normal beyond there.

Highs PHL: 72 New Brnswck: 69 EWR: 68 ACY: 68 TTN: 68 TEB: 67 ISP: 67 LGA: 66 NYC: 66 JFK: 66 BLM: 64

Records: Highs: EWR: 96 (2019) NYC: 93 (2019) LGA: 95 (2019) JFK: 95 (2019) Lows: EWR: 39 (1997) NYC: 39 *1886) LGA: 42 (2003) JFK: 43 (2009) Historical: 1858 A hurricane with category 1 winds hit San Diego, CA, the only documented hurricane to strike California in history. This occurred before official weather observations began. Winds of at least 75 mph were estimated based on damage and journalistic accounts. Extensive wind damage to property neared F2 tornado scale damage. Streets were swept clean by heavy rains. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1867: A hurricane struck Galveston, TX with a storm surge that produced $1 million dollars damage. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1882 - An early season windstorm over Oregon and northern California blew down thousands of trees and caused great crop damage in the Sacramento Valley. (David Ludlum) 1882:Louisiana was struck by major hurricane with winds reaching 100 mph and a 12-foot storm surge affecting the coast and bayous. 1,500 people were killed. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1899: Earliest frost @ WBO 33° and 4 consecutive dates rec. 1st - 4th. (Ref. Washington Weather Records - KDCA) 1899: Boston, Massachusetts had a trace of snow today for the earliest recorded snow for the city. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1951: The center of a Tropical Storm crossed Florida from near Fort Myers to Vero Beach. Rainfall totals ranged from 8 to 13 inches along the track, but no strong winds occurred near the center. The strong winds of 50 to 60 mph were all in squalls along the lower east coast and Keys, causing minor property damage. The greatest damage was from rains that flooded farms and pasture lands over a broad belt extending from Naples, Fort Myers, and Punta Gorda on the west coast to Stuart, Fort Pierce, and Vero Beach on the east. Roadways damaged and several bridges washed out. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1953: An unseasonable heat ridge brought record heat from the Plains to the Appalachians. Several locations reported their warmest October temperatures on record including: Evansville, IN: 94°, St. Louis, MO: 94° (later tied), Springfield, IL: 93° (later tied), Louisville, KY: 92° (later tied then broken), Platteville, WI: 91°, Mondovi, WI: 90° and Duluth, MN: 86°. (Ref. Additional Temperatures Listed On This Link) 1959 - A tornado struck the town of Ivy, VA (located near Charlottesville). Eleven persons were killed, including ten from one family. (The Weather Channel) 1963: Hurricane Flora moved across the south coast of Haiti and then meandered across eastern Cuba for the next 5 days, lashing the island with winds of 100 mph or more for at least 100 hours. Astronomical rainfall amounts as much as 90 inches were reported near Velasco. More rain was reported at Guantanamo Bay from Flora than was reported during the entire year of 1962. Flora remains the 2nd deadliest hurricane ever in the Atlantic, with over 7,000 deaths. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1980: Several locations reported all-time October high temperature records including Palm Springs, CA: 116°, Borrego Springs, CA: 113 °F (This record was tied the next day), Yuma, AZ: 112°, Medford, OR: 99°, Eugene, OR: 94°, Blue Canyon, CA: 88° and Astoria, OR: 85°- since tied. (The Weather Channel) 1980 - The temperature at Blue Canyon, CA, soared to 88 degrees, an October record for that location. (The Weather Channel) 1981 - Severe thunderstorms raked Phoenix, AZ, with heavy rain, high winds, and hail up to an inch and a half in diameter, for the second day in a row. Thunderstorms on the 1st deluged Phoenix with .68 inch of rain in five minutes, equalling their all-time record. (The Weather Channel) 1987 - A fast moving cold front produced snow flurries from Minnesota to the Appalachian Mountains, and gale force winds behind the front ushered cold air into the Great Lakes Region. Valentine NE reported a record low of 25 degrees. Temperatures recovered rapidly in the Northern High Plains Region, reaching the lower 80s by afternoon. Jackson, WY, warmed from a morning low of 21 degrees to an afternoon high of 76 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) 1988 - Early morning thunderstorms in Georgia produced three inches of rain at Canton and Woodstock. (The National Weather Summary) 1989 - Flooding due to thunderstorm rains in the southeastern U.S. on the last day of September and the first day of October caused the Etowah River to rise seven feet above flood stage at Canton GA. Thunderstorms produced up to ten inches of rain in northeastern Georgia, with six inches reported at Athens GA in 24 hours. One man was killed, and another man was injured, when sucked by floodwaters into drainage lines. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 2000: Tremendous rains fell across South Florida due to a developing sub-tropical storm. Miami picked up 12.24 inches of rain in 24 hours and 15 inches in 2 days. The storm would go on to become Tropical Storm Leslie. 2003: Alaska: Temperatures around 70 °F in many Alaska communities set many all-time October maximum records by as much as 17 °F. In Chalkytsik, the high of 75 °F broke the old record by 16 F degrees. Other daily record highs included: Fort Yukon: 70°, Fairbanks: 70°, Homer: 60° and Bettles: 57 °F. (Ref. WxDoctor)

54 / 41 clear off a low of 46. Upper 60s / low 70s in the warmest spots - over exceeding highs/ sun-dryness. Flow comes around warming Fri back to the 70s and upper 70s to low 80s / mid 80s in the warmest areas Sat - Tue. Front on Wed (10/8) and next rain chance with cooling back near / slightly above normal. Euro rebuilds ridge and warmth / strong warmth by the 10th and beyond, GFS a bit cooler / near normal. 10/2 - 10/3 : Cooler / warmaing back to normal/ above 10/4 - 10/7 : Warm / much warmer than normal (80s) mid 80s in warmest areas, maybe warmer 10/ 8 - 10/10 : Cooler - near normal (rain chances wed with front >0.25 inches 10/11 - beyond : Overall warmer (Euro is much warmer 10/11 - 10/13)

Highs PHL: 74 EWR: 73 New Brnswck: 72 TEB: 71 TTN: 71 JFK: 70 ISP: 70 LGA: 70 ACY: 70 BLM: 69 NYC: 69

We'll see if the Sat - Tue period trends warmer - currently seeing peak in the mid/upper 80s potential in the warm areas.

67 / 43 breezy. Sunny.

Records: Highs: EWR: 85 (1986) NYC: 88 (1927) LGA: 87 (1950) JFK: 85 (1986) Lows; EWR: 35 (1947) * very cold fall that year 1947 NYC: 36 (1947) LGA: 39 (1947) JFK: 41 (1992) Historical: 1752 - The second severe hurricane in two weeks hit the Carolinas. The Onslow County Courthouse was destroyed along with all its records, and Beacon Island disappeared. (David Ludlum) 1844: Through the 7th, a major hurricane swept over Jamaica, Cuba and Nassau and the Bahamas. According to early hurricane researcher William Redfield, the storm "exhibited an amount of injury and destruction such as is rarely known in the annals of commerce." 158 vessels were wrecked and 2,546 houses were destroyed along the- Cuban coast. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1890: The weather service is first identified as a civilian agency when Congress, at the request of President Benjamin Harrison, passes an act transferring the Signal Service’s meteorological responsibilities to the newly-created U.S. Weather Bureau in the Department of Agriculture. 1893 - The second great hurricane of the 1893 season hit the Mississippi Delta Region drowning more than 1000 persons. (David Ludlum) 1893: On this day, the village of Caminadaville, Louisiana, was destroyed by a massive hurricane. Caminadaville was a vibrant fishing community in the late 19th century, located on Cheniere Caminada, adjacent to Grand Isle in coastal Jefferson Parish in Louisiana. It took five days for the news of this devastating hurricane to reach New Orleans. 1938: Grannis and Okay, Arkansas set an all-time high-temperature record for October for Arkansas with 105 degrees. 1954: On October 1st Boston, Massachusetts had a minimum temperature of 69 °F the warmest low temperature. This is also the highest minimum on Boston's records for October. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1958: NASA officially begins operations on October 1st, 1958. 1976: A ridge of high pressure brought record highs to parts of the Midwest. Locations reporting their warmest October temperatures included: Hatfield, WI: 94°, Preston, MN: 92° (also latest occurrence of 90 in a year), Neillsville, WI: 92°, Caledonia, MN: 91°, and Jump River, WI: 87°. Other daily record highs included: La Crosse, WI: 92°, Des Moines, IA: 92°, Kansas City, MO: 92°, Madison, WI: 90 °F. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1977: While an F3 tornado traveled less than one-mile through Montfort Heights or the greater Cincinnati area, it destroyed 12 homes and damaged 15 others. There were 17 injuries. 1986: Heavy rainfall totals produced saturated soil conditions across parts of Oklahoma beginning the previous day. Conditions worsened across the area when more torrential rain fell during the first four days of October. Rainfall amounts of 6 to 10 inches were common, while 15 to 20 inch amounts were reported over north-central Oklahoma. The excessive rainfall caused most major rivers in the state to flood, requiring the evacuation of about 30,000 people from 25 towns. The floods destroyed 509 homes, damaged 3,957 others, and washed out many roads and bridges, including two bridges on I-35. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 - A blast of cold arctic air hit the north central U.S. An afternoon thunderstorm slickened the streets of Duluth MN with hail and snow, and later in the afternoon, strong northerly winds reached 70 mph. Unseasonably warm weather continued in the Pacific northwest. Afternoon highs of 90 degrees at Olympia WA, 92 degrees at Portland OR, and 89 degrees at Seattle WA, were records for the month of October. For Seattle WA it marked the twenty- first daily record high for the year, a record total in itself. (The National Weather Summary) 1988 - Afternoon and evening thunderstorms produced severe weather across central Oklahoma and the eastern half of Texas. Thunderstorms in Texas produced softball size hail northwest of Nocona, and baseball size hail at Troy and Park Springs. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 - Thunderstorms produced severe weather in the southeastern U.S. through the daytime and evening hours. Severe thunderstorms spawned eleven tornadoes, with seven of those tornadoes in Georgia. A tornado southwest of Moultrie, GA, killed two persons and injured a dozen others. Tornadoes also injured one person north of Graceville, FL, and two persons at Bartow, GA. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1992: A strong 588 decameter heat ridge extended from the Plains to the West Coast bringing record highs. Areas reporting their warmest October temperatures included: Sheridan, WY: 92° and Billings, MT: 90°-Tied. (Ref. Wilson - Additional Temperatures Listed On This Link) 1994: Lightning hit a bow-and-arrow deer hunter, knocking him down from his 15 feet high stand near Prosperity, PA. He survived, but experienced second degree burns along with blurred vision. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 1998: Heavy rain fell across the Liberal area in Kansas for 24 hours with the heaviest rain falling during the morning and afternoon hours. Five to eight inches were reported with one unofficial report indicating 10 inches. Streets were flooded that had never flooded before. A local disaster was declared. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1999: A strong cold front with a Canadian blast and moisture combined to bring snow to parts of the upper Midwest. Caledonia, MN with 2 inches and La Crosse, WI with 0.3 of an inch had their earliest measurable snowfall. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2006: An extended heat ridge brought record highs to parts of the Plains. Wichita, KS recorded their hottest October day ever with 97°. Other daily record highs included: Dodge City, KS: 96°-Tied, Lincoln, NE: 94°, Kansas City, MO: 94° and Sioux City, IA: 91°-Tied. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History

Warmest so late it did hit 80 (latest) last year JFK; 11/1/2024: 82 11/7/2022: 80

57 / 41 sunny. NE flow keeps it cooler the next 42 hours. Much warmer Fri - Tue (10/7) more 80s for many. Looks like Sun - Tuesday are the warmest days. Drops back towards normal / above beyond there. 10/1 - 10/2 : Below normal - cooler NE flow 10/3 - 10/7 : Warmer to much warmer than normal 10/8 - beyond : near / slightly above normal overall

JFK did get to 86 in 2016 on Oct 19th.

10/8/07 : 90

Sep Dep's ISP: +2.6 EWR: +2.4 TTN: +1.6 NYC: +1.3 JFK: +1.0 LGA: +0.6

Highs EWR: 83 PHL: 83 New Brnswck: 82 ISP: 82 TEB: 81 JFK: 81 TTN: 81 NYC: 81 LGA: 80 ACY: 79 BLM: 77

Thanks September 1882 New York City Weather Day High (°F) Low (°F) Precip. (inches) Snow (inches) September 1 81 69 0.07 0.0 September 2 85 70 0.00 0.0 September 3 80 72 0.00 0.0 September 4 82 72 0.64 0.0 September 5 79 68 0.00 0.0 September 6 76 65 0.00 0.0 September 7 79 63 0.00 0.0 September 8 82 66 0.00 0.0 September 9 73 63 0.16 0.0 September 10 68 62 0.00 0.0 September 11 67 59 2.57 0.0 September 12 70 57 0.66 0.0 September 13 69 53 0.00 0.0 September 14 77 64 0.09 0.0 September 15 73 63 0.00 0.0 September 16 76 58 0.00 0.0 September 17 74 60 0.00 0.0 September 18 80 65 0.00 0.0 September 19 87 69 0.00 0.0 September 20 84 72 0.29 0.0 September 21 72 62 1.21 0.0 September 22 72 62 2.34 0.0 September 23 66 55 8.28 0.0 September 24 69 55 0.02 0.0 September 25 62 55 0.04 0.0 September 26 63 56 0.05 0.0 September 27 62 51 0.00 0.0 September 28 55 48 0.16 0.0 September 29 60 48 0.27 0.0 September 30 68 50 0.00 0.0

Real time rare look at 2 storms / Fujiwhara;ing away

Clouds starting to thin, we'll see if it in enough time to get to 80 72 / 52

Rain Sep JFK: 2.96 New Brnswck: 2.66 NYC: 2.76 LGA: 2.54 BLM: 2.09 TTN: 1.89 PHL: 1.79 EWR: 1.71 TEB: 1.65 ISP: 1.58

Records: Highs: EWR: 89 (1986) NYC: 89 (1986) LGA: 88 (1988) JFK: 84 (1986) Lows: EWR: 38 (1942) NYC: 39 (1912) LGA: 43 (1947) JFK: 43 (1991) Historical: 1875: What weather observers “observe” has changed with time. Among the remarks noted by the Lynchburg, VA observer, was today’s migration of hundreds of squirrels across the James River. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 1892: Central Park in New York City, NY concluded its wettest month ever with 16.85 inches of rain. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1896 - A hurricane formed on September 22 and lasted until September 30. It formed directly over the Lesser Antilles and hit Cuba, Florida, Georgia, South and North Carolina, Virginia, Washington D.C., and Pennsylvania. Its maximum sustained winds were at 130 mph. The heaviest rainfall deposited in association with the storm was 19.96 inches at Glennville, Georgia. This hurricane was responsible for an estimated 130 deaths and $1.5 million in damage (1896 dollars). 1896: A hurricane moving through the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. The system then tracked inland through the Southeast to the west of Washington, DC. Richmond suffered severely from the cyclone. Communication was gone early on during the storm the only line that remained open belonged to Western Union, the wire than ran to Wilmington, NC. The steeple of the Second Baptist church yielded to the storm, falling across main street. The Governor's Mansion survived the cyclone reasonably well. Damage totaled $150,000 at the state capital. In Petersburg the Imperial Hotel was unroofed. Smaller buildings experienced great damage. Fredericksburg saw its St. George's church steeple injured by the cyclone. In Alexandria the Third Baptist Colored church was razed to the ground ($5000). Over forty windmills were wrecked at Falls Church. Manassas saw its Evangelical Lutheran church blown six inches off its foundation. It was one of the worst storms on record in the District of Columbia as five-minute sustained winds peaked at 66 mph and gusts reached 80 mph; the pressures fell to 29.14" around 11 p.m.. At 10:30 p.m., the steeple to the New York Avenue Presbyterian Church crashed to the ground. A five story brick building was demolished, injuring the adjoining buildings, trapping five men under debris. Many buildings were unroofed. Capitol Hill saw even greater damage. Georgetown experienced its worst storm ever. A few panes of glass at the White House were shattered as well. Winds began to subside by 12:55 a.m.. In all, a $390,000 in damage was incurred. A flash flood at Staunton, along Lewis Creek, overran its banks, killing five. Seven inches of rain on the 30th swelled a large lake near the town, bursting its dam at 10 p.m.. Alarms were sounded as torrents of water rushed down Central Avenue, submerging everything in its path. Twenty-five houses were moved from their foundations before crumbling in the angry waters ($500,000). On the 1st, the and Chesapeake & Ohio Canal merged into one as flood waters increased their height and breadth. (Ref. for 1896 Fall Storm) 1924: Norfolk saw winds reach 76 mph sustained from a cyclone that became nontropical over the Southeast U.S.. In Fauquier county, four inches of rain fell at Leads Manor on the 29th. In Richmond county, 4.60" of rain fell at Warsaw on the 30th. Richmond, VA recorded 2.19 inches of rain on the 29th and 2.85 inches on the 30th for a total of 5.04 inches. Leeds Manor (4.00"), Stuart (4.20"), Urbanna (3.80"), and Winchester (2.05") all set 24-hour rainfall records for September during this tempest. East Coast Rain Storm 1932: Southern California: Tropical cyclone rainfall of 4.38 inches at Tehachapi in 7 hours causes flash floods on Auga Caliente and Tehachapi Creeks resulting in 15 deaths. (Ref. WxDoctor) 1934: DCA had the wettest September on record 17.45 inches at 24th and M street in Washington, DC. (Ref. Washington Weather Records - KDCA) 1943: A tropical storm that formed southwest of Bermuda moved to the northwest and into the Delmarva Peninsula overnight October 1 then dissipated in extreme northeastern Maryland as a depression. Atlantic City, NJ measured a gust to 78 mph and Cape Henry, VA gusted to 72 mph. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1959 - Three tornadoes spawned by the remnants of Hurricane Gracie killed 12 persons at Ivy VA. (The Weather Channel) 1961: An early season snowfall occurred over the Northern Plains with the greatest total of 4 inches falling in the New Ulm- Mankato area in Minnesota. Austin, MN had their earliest measurable snowfall with half an inch. Omaha, NE had its first September snow in 70 years. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1970: A nineteen-month drought in southern California came to a climax. The drought, that made brush and buildings tinder dry, set up the worst fire conditions in California history as hot Santa Anna winds sent the temperature soaring to 105 degrees at Los Angeles, and to 97 degrees at San Diego. During that last week of September whole communities of interior San Diego County were consumed by fire. Half a million acres were burned, and the fires caused fifty million dollars damage. (David Ludlum) 1970 - A nineteen month drought in southern California came to a climax. The drought, which made brush and buildings tinder dry, set up the worst fire conditions in California history as hot Santa Anna winds sent the temperature soaring to 105 degrees at Los Angeles, and to 97 degrees at San Diego. During that last week of September whole communities of interior San Diego County were consumed by fire. Half a million acres were burned, and the fires caused fifty million dollars damage. (David Ludlum) 1977 - The temperature at Wichita Falls, TX, soared to 108 degrees to establish a record for September. (The Weather Channel) 1979: This was the eighth day of 29 consecutive days when no measurable rain fell at Chicago, IL. The only measurable rain for the month came on the 1st with 0.01 inches. This was their driest September on record. Rockford, IL only received 0.05 inches of rain; their driest month ever. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1985: An early season snowstorm covered much of the Arrowhead Region of Minnesota with 7 to 9 inches of snow. Some snow depths reported for the event, which ended the next day, were 7 inches at Babbitt and Aurora, 7.5 inches at Isabella, and 8.5 inches at Poplar Lake. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1986 - Thunderstorms, which had inundated northern sections of Oklahoma with heavy rain, temporarily shifted southward producing 4 to 8 inches rains from Shawnee to Stilwell. Baseball size hail and 80 mph winds ripped through parts of southeast Oklahoma City, and thunderstorm winds caused more than half a million dollars damage at Shawnee. (Storm Data) 1987 - Afternoon thunderstorms in Michigan produced hail an inch in diameter at Pinckney, and wind gusts to 68 mph at Wyandotte. A thunderstorm in northern Indiana produced wet snow at South Bend. Seven cities in the northwestern U.S. reported record high temperatures for the date, including readings of 98 degrees at Medford OR and 101 degrees at downtown Sacramento CA. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 - Unseasonably warm weather prevailed over Florida, and in the western U.S. The afternoon high of 94 degrees at Fort Myers FL was their tenth record high for the month. Highs of 98 degrees at Medford OR and 99 degrees at Fresno CA were records for the date, and the temperature at Borrego Springs CA soared to 108 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) 1989 - Thirteen cities reported record high temperatures for the date, as readings soared into the upper 80s and 90s from the Northern and Central High Plains Region to Minnesota. Bismarck ND reported a record high of 95 degrees, and the temperature reached 97 degrees at Broadus MT. Afternoon thunderstorms developing along a cold front produced wind gusts to 60 mph at Wendover UT. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1992: The past month was the coldest September ever recorded in interior Alaska. Fairbanks averaged a frigid 31.7° which was 13.2° below normal and the first below freezing September ever. Beginning on the 9th and on every day for the rest of the month, a new record low was set for either low minimums or low maximums, or both. On this date, the city plunged to 3° to set a new all-time record low for September. Snowfall for the month totaled 24.4 inches which was more than three times the previous record for September. 2001: Phoenix, AZ had an average temperature for the month of 92.2°, the city's hottest September day on record. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2003: Grand Rapids, Michigan: With a trace of snow hitting the ground, Grand Rapids records its earliest occurrence of measurable snowfall, beating the old mark by a week. (Ref. WxDoctor) 2004: Driven mostly by outbreaks from Hurricanes Frances and Ivan, 279 tornadoes were recorded for the month, by far the most tornadoes ever to occur in September in the U.S. West Palm Beach, FL had its wettest month on record with 29.40 inches of rain. Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne contributed most to the total. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2006: A rare F1 tornado struck North Berwick, ME, causing damage to roofs, windows. Damaged totaled $125,000. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) The first phase of the deluge focused on the Southeast, starting on September 26 (4.20 inches Macon, Georgia). September 27th Wilmington, North Carolina had 10.33 inches of rain. As the remains of Nicole tracked toward North Carolina on September 30, tropical downpours spread into the Northeast, On September 30, Baltimore, Maryland, reported its second wettest day on record, with 6.02 inches of rain. Two-day totals on October 1 reached 7.58 inches in Wilmington, Delaware, and exceeded five inches northward into western Massachusetts. Event totals exceeded 16 inches in eastern North Carolina, and over a foot of rain fell northward into the Chesapeake Bay region. Although widespread flooding occurred, drought conditions preceding the deluge mitigated the impacts. Today Portsmouth, Virginia storm spotter ID vpor002 measured 9.10 inches an all-time station daily rainfall record. [database to 1976] (Ref. Weatherwise U.S. Weather Highlights of 2010 page 9)

64 / 60 cloudy. Clouds all the way linked down to the Imelda / front - no rain. Clouds lingering may break the 80s streak for those that continued it yesterday. Cool ENE/NE flow for 48 hours Wed and Thu before flow comes around wirh ridge into the northeast. Warm to much warmer Fri - Tue next week with more low- mid 80s in the warmest spots. Overall above normal beyond there.

Highs PHL: 81 EWR: 80 TEB: 79 ISP: 79 TTN: 79 New Brnswck: 78 JFK: 78 ACY: 77 NYC: 77 BLM: 75 LGA: 75

78 / 51 running close to 80

Records: Highs: EWR: 89 (1945) NYC: 88 (1945) LGA: 86 (1945) JFK: 82 (1948) Lows: EWR: 40 (1942) NYC: 42 (1942) LGA: 43 (1942) JFK: 44 (2000) Historical: 1896: This was one of the worst if not the worst Hurricanes to hit the Richmond area. This was just before the weather Bureau was set up in Richmond and there was no warning of the storm's approach. The hurricane was traveling at a high rate of speed probably 60 miles per hour and didn't last long when it hit the Richmond area because of its speed. But the wind damage was very significant and rainfall in the Richmond area was not particularly heavy because of the shortness of the storm. But with the Ford speed being so rapid it added to the wind velocities which were released hurricane force in many areas. (Ref. Hurricanes of the Middle Atlantic States by Rick Schwartz pps100-104) A major hurricane struck Cedar Key, FL, inundating the keys with a 10 foot storm surge. Headlines read, "Cedar Key Crushed," and "Town Almost Wiped Out." Famous for its cedar trees, the Keys featured several major pencil manufacturers that were wiped out by the storm. Moving rapidly to the north-northeast then north, the cyclone passed west of the Washington, DC area bringing wing gusts in excess of 60 mph. This former hurricane passing to the east of Washington, DC giving 62 MPH winds (fastest mile) and 51 mph sustained wind for five minutes and the barometer fell to 29.14 inches of mercury at 2250 in Washington, DC. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1914: Boston, Massachusetts has the coldest temperature of 34 °F for the month of September. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1915: A severe category 4 hurricane struck southeastern Louisiana and produced winds to 140 mph in Terrebone Parish. The pressure dropped to 952 millibars or 28.11 inches of mercury. 90% of the buildings were destroyed in the parish. 275 people were killed and $13 million dollars in damage was done. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1924: Norfolk saw winds reach 76 mph sustained from a cyclone that became nontropical over the Southeast U.S.. In Fauquier county, four inches of rain fell at Leads Manor on the 29th. In Richmond county, 4.60" of rain fell at Warsaw on the 30th. Richmond, VA recorded 2.19 inches of rain on the 29th and 2.85 inches on the 30th for a total of 5.04 inches. Leeds Manor (4.00"), Stuart (4.20"), Urbanna (3.80"), and Winchester (2.05") all set 24-hour rainfall records for September during this tempest. East Coast Rain Storm 1925: The world record for a 3 minute rainfall total was set in Haughton Grove, Jamaica where 1.75 inches of rain fell. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1927 - An outbreak of tornadoes from Oklahoma to Indiana caused 81 deaths and 25 million dollars damage. A tornado (possibly two tornadoes) cut an eight-mile long path across Saint Louis MO, to Granite City IL, killing 79 persons. The damage path at times was a mile and a quarter in width. The storm followed a similar path to tornadoes which struck in 1871, 1896, and 1959. (The Weather Channel) 1938: A tornado hit Charleston, SC at 8 AM and did $2 million in damage. A total of five tornadoes hit the city between 6:45am and 9 AM, killing 32 people. One of the tornadoes passed from James Island, over the Ashley River, to just west of the Fort Sumter Hotel, causing extensive damage on Market & Broad Streets. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1959 - A storm produced 28 inches of snow at Colorado Springs, CO. (David Ludlum) 1959:Hurricane Gracie made landfall near Beaufort, SC with a central pressure around 950 millibars or 28.05 inches of mercury. Beaufort recorded sustained winds of 97 mph with a peak gust to 138 mph. 10 people were killed in South Carolina and Georgia. As a weakening Gracie moved through the Mid Atlantic area on the 30th, she spawned an F3 tornado at Ivy, VA which killed 11 people. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1983 - Heavy rains began in central and eastern Arizona which culminated in the worst flood in the history of the state. Eight to ten inch rains across the area caused severe flooding in southeastern Arizona which resulted in thirteen deaths and 178 million dollars damage. President Reagan declared eight counties of Arizona to be disaster areas. (The Weather Channel) 1985: Denver, CO had a morning low of 17°, which set a record low temperature for the month of September. The afternoon high of 29° set the all-time record low maximum for the month. Grand Island, NE received 2 inches of snow their earliest snow on record. Other record lows included: West Yellowstone, MT: 3°, Wisdom, MT: 3°, Livingston, MT: 10°, Butte, MT: 10°, Red Lodge, MT: 11°, Dillon, MT: 11°, Boulder, MT: 11°, Valentine, MT: 14°, Cheyenne, WY: 14 °F. (Ref. Additional Temperatures Listed On This Link) 1986 - A week of violent weather began in Oklahoma which culminated in one of the worst flooding events in the history of the state. On the first day of the week early morning thunderstorms caused more than a million dollars damage in south Oklahoma City. Thunderstorms produced 4 to 7 inches of rain from Hobart to Ponca City, and another round of thunderstorms that evening produced 7 to 10 inches of rain in north central and northeastern sections of Oklahoma. (Storm Data) 1987 - A slow moving cold front produced rain from the Great Lakes Region to the Central Gulf Coast Region. A late afternoon thunderstorm produced wind gusts to 62 mph at Buffalo NY. Warm weather continued in the western U.S. In Oregon, the afternoon high of 96 degrees at Medford was a record for the date. (The National Weather Summary) 1988 - High pressure brought freezing temperatures to parts of Vermont and New York State. Burlington VT dipped to 30 degrees, and Binghamton NY reported a record low of 34 degrees. The high pressure system also brought cold weather to the Central Rocky Mountain Region. Alamosa CO reported a record low of 18 degrees, and Gunnison CO was the cold spot in the nation with a morning low of just five degrees above zero. (National Weather Summary) 1989 - Seven cities reported record high temperatures for the date, as readings soared into the 80s and low 90s in the Northern Plateau and Northern Plains Region. Record highs included 91 degrees at Boise ID, and 92 degrees at Sheridan WY. The high of 100 degrees at Tucson AZ marked their 51st record high of the year, and their 92nd day of 100 degree weather. (National Weather Summary) 1991: Snow began in Caribou, ME during the evening ending early the next morning with 2.5 inches accumulating. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History)