SACRUS

Up to 62 but been more clouds and down to 57. Tomorrow looks stunning for early Nov.

Oct: PHL: +2 (2.02) Easton: +1.9 (5.13) Somerville SMQ: +1.6 (1.88)

Oct: ISP: +2.7 (5.06) EWR: +1.8 (3.9) JFK: +1.2 (3.99) NYC: +0.6 (4.08) LGA: +0.1 (4.24)

Records: Highs: EWR: 85 (1950) NYC: 84 (1950) LGA: 83 (1950) JFK: 77 (1982) Lows: EWR: 31 (1954) NYC: 30 (1885) LGA: 37 (1976) JFK: 36 (1983) Historical: 1846: 87 pioneers were trapped by early snows in the Sierra Nevada that piled up to 5 feet deep with 30 to 40 foot drifts. Only 47 survivors lived to tell of the 'Donner Pass Tragedy'. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1848: When Joseph Henry came to the Smithsonian, one of his priorities was to set up a meteorological program. In 1847, while outlining his plan for the new institution, Henry called for "a system of extended meteorological observations for solving American storms." On November 1st, 1848, Joseph Henry and Navy meteorologist James Espy wrote a letter urging anyone interested in becoming a weather observer to signify their willingness to do so. By 1849, he had budgeted $1,000 for the Smithsonian meteorological project and established a network of some 150 volunteer weather observers. A decade later, the project had more than 600 volunteer observers, including people in Canada, Mexico, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Its cost in 1860 was $4,400, or thirty percent of the Smithsonian's research and publication budget. 1861 - A hurricane near Cape Hatteras, NC, battered a Union fleet of ships attacking Carolina ports, and produced high tides and high winds in New York State and New England. (David Ludlum) 1870: United States Army Signal Corps observers at 24 sites around the country simultaneously made weather reports and transmitted them to Washington, where a national weather map would be drawn. These simultaneous reports also started the process of sending out weather reports by telegraph to metropolitan newspapers. This would be the beginning of our present-day National Weather Service. 1950: The highest temperature ever recorded in Richmond, VA in November was 86 °F that occurred on three dates. Two of these dates on November 1st in 1950 and 1974. (Ref. Richmond Weather Records KRIC ) Strong high pressure across the southeast ridged from the southern Plains to the Great Lakes and East Coast bringing record highs. Locations reporting all-time November record highs included: Baltimore, MD: 86°, Newark, NJ 85 ; Philadelphia, PA: 84°, New York (Central Park), NY: 84°, Allentown, PA: 81°. Other daily record highs included: Richmond, VA: 86°, Charleston, SC: 85°, Norfolk, VA: 85°, Washington, DC: 85°, Wilmington, DE: 85°, Charlotte, NC: 84°, Asheville, NC: 83°, Lynchburg, VA: 83°, Roanoke, VA: 83°, Chicago, IL: 81°, Atlanta, GA: 81°, Pittsburgh, PA: 80°, Dayton, OH: 79°, Bristol, TN: 79°, -Tied, Elkins, WV: 77°-Tied, Buffalo, NY: 76°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1966 - Santa Anna winds fanned fires, and brought record November heat to parts of coastal California. November records included 86 degrees at San Francisco, 97 degrees at San Diego, and 101 degrees at the International airport in Los Angeles. Fires claimed the lives of at least sixteen firefighters. (The Weather Channel) 1968 - A tornado touched down west of Winslow, AZ, but did little damage in an uninhabited area. (The Weather Channel) 1974: The highest temperature ever recorded in Richmond, VA in November was 86 °F that occurred on three dates. Two of these dates on November 1st in 1974 and 1950. (Ref. Richmond Weather Records KRIC ) 1982: This date began a five day heat wave across much of the east as high pressure anchored off the Carolina coast bringing a south to southwesterly flow. Record highs for the date included: Corpus Christi, TX: 88°-Tied, Meridian, MS: 86°, Sterling (Dulles Airport), VA: 84°, Huntsville, AL: 83°-Tied, Cincinnati, OH: 80°, Wallops Island, VA: 79°, New York (Kennedy Airport), NY: 77°, Milton, MA: 74°-Tied and Worcester, MA: 72°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 - Early morning thunderstorms in central Arizona produced hail an inch in diameter at Williams and Gila Bend, and drenched Payson with 1.86 inches of rain. Hannagan Meadows AZ, meanwhile, was blanketed with three inches of snow. Unseasonably warm weather prevailed across the Ohio Valley. Afternoon highs of 76 degrees at Beckley WV, 77 degrees at Bluefield WV, and 83 degrees at Lexington KY were records for the month of November. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1988 - Low pressure brought gales and locally heavy rain to the northeastern U.S. The rainfall total of 1.46 inches at Newark NJ was a record for the date. New York City was soaked with more than two inches of rain. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 - A strong cold front ushered snow and arctic air into the north central U.S. Snow whitened North Dakota and the Central High Plains Region. Up to five inches of snow blanketed Denver CO. Yellowstone Park WY was the cold spot in the nation with a morning low of 4 degrees below zero. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1991: The great ocean storm that had battered the East Coast of the U.S. for the past 2 days underwent a remarkable transformation. Convection grew and wrapped tightly around the center and on satellite imagery an eye formed. An Air Force reckon plane found a rather small but intense circulation near 39.5N/66.5W with a central pressure of 981 millibars or 28.97 inches mercury and sustained winds of 75 mph. Just a couple of days before, the large extratropical cyclone which contained former Hurricane Grace created havoc along the east coast. This type of evolution from a large extratropical low pressure to a small hurricane is rare but not unprecedented. The storm was never named, but it was the basis for the book and movie “The Perfect Storm”. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1993: A series of low pressure areas associated with the deep upper level trough which had been responsible for the record cold across the southern and central U.S. Over the past few days dumped big early season snows over the Ohio Valley and the Northeast. 3-day totals included 19.5 inches at Ellenburg Depot, NY, 19 inches at Mount Mansfield, VT and Sabinsville, PA, and 18.5 inches at Stillwater Reservoir, NY. The 10.3 inches that fell at Mansfield, OH and 9 inches at Burlington, VT were the greatest snowfalls ever for so early in the season. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2000: As road crews cleared snow from highways in western North Dakota, at least 3 tornadoes touched down 125 miles away in Bismarck, ND. The F1 twisters struck without warning in the early afternoon damaging 42 homes. Tornado watches and winter storm warnings were in effect for some locations in the Dakotas at the same time on this unusual weather day. 31.9 inches of snow fell at Lead, SD to establish a new 1-day snowfall record for November. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) heavy and persistent rains across the eastern half or the windward side of the "Big Island" of Hawaii dumped 27.24 inches of rain at the Hilo Airport in 24-hours, breaking the previous 24-hour rainfall record. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2014: Interstate 40 has reopened along the Tennessee-North Carolina state line after being closed due to weather conditions earlier today. 22 inches of snow have been recorded at Mount LeConte, 15 at Newfound Gap and 12 in Hartford,TN in an early season snowstorm. A hiker has been seriously injured by a falling tree in the Greenbrier area of the Great Smoky Mountain National Park as a winter storm dumped heavy snow in the mountains. The park service said it would take some time to evacuate the "seriously injured" hiker due to weather conditions. (Ref.News Sentinel staff 7:23 AM, Nov 1, 2014) 2014: Up to 6 inches of snow fell in Gilbert, South Carolina.

55 / 38 mostly clear and still breezy. Looking mainly dry as the euro lost the 3rd/4th system and warmer overall through the next week. Need to watch between the 8 - 11 for the next cutoff / system to bring next round of rains. Widespread freezes will look to evade the area the next 7 days at least.

The recent cool down has yielded a max daily departure of only -4 to -6 one day.

A year ago we had record warmth with hights in the low - mid 80s.

Records: Highs: EWR: 83 (2024) NYC: 81 (1946/2024) LGA: 83 (2024) JFK: 78 (2024) Lows: EWR: 29 (1975) NYC: 29 (1925) LGA: 33 (1975) JFK: 30 (1966) Historical: 1846 - Eighty-seven pioneers were trapped by early snows in the Sierra Nevada Mountains that piled five feet deep, with 30 to 40 foot drifts. Just 47 persons survived the "Donner Pass Tragedy". (The Weather Channel) 1884: Brownsville, TX reported 15.71 inches of rain for the month, nearly five times normal. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1887: Weather records have been kept at Charlotte, NC since 1878. The only snow ever to occur there in October happened on this date. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1899: A Caribbean hurricane crossed Cuba then moved north and made landfall at the North Carolina/South Carolina border. The hurricane became extra-tropical in Virginia, then curved across southeast Pennsylvania and moved into New England and the Canadian Maritimes. The highest wind gusts were measured to 84 mph at Cape Henry, VA, 82 mph at the Delaware Breakwater, DE and 60 mph at Norfolk, VA. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) Richmond had 1.71 inches of rain on this date in 1899. (Ref. Richmond Weather Records - KRIC) 1925: Record low October temperature readings were set from northern New England down to the Mid-Atlantic to the Ohio Valley. Record lows included: Van Buren, ME: 1°, Garfield, VT: 2°, Pittsburg, NH: 4°, Houghton Lake, MI: 7, International Falls, MN: 12, Peoria, IL: 14, Rockford, IL: 14, Madison, WI: 16, Alpena, MI: 17, Burlington, VT: 17°, Syracuse, NY: 20°, Flint, MI: 20, South Bend, IN: 20-Tied, Dubuque, IA: 25-Tied, Allentown, PA: 22°, Avoca, PA: 22°, Springfield, IL: 22, Rochester, NY: 23°, Fort Wayne, IN: 23, Indianapolis, IN: 24, Buffalo, NY: 25°, Grand Rapids, MI: 25, Wilmington, DE: 25°-Tied and New York (Central Park), NY: 29°-Tied. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1950 - Unseasonably warm weather prevailed in the central U.S. for Halloween. The temperature soared to 83 degrees at Minneapolis MN, their warmest reading of record for so late in the season. Other record highs included: Charlotte, NC: 85°, Raleigh, NC: 85°, Richmond, VA: 85°, Washington, DC: 85°, Chicago, IL: 84°, Rockford, IL: 84°, Greenville-Spartanburg, SC: 84°, Greensboro, NC: 84°, Athens, GA: 84°-Tied, Omaha, NE: 83°, Springfield, MO: 83°, South Bend, IN: 83°, Columbus, OH: 83°, Beckley, WV: 83°, Roanoke, VA: 83°, Cleveland, OH: 82°, Lexington, KY: 82°-Tied, Allentown, PA: 81°, Harrisburg, PA: 81°, Cincinnati, OH: 81°, New York (LaGuardia Airport), NY: 80°, Dayton, OH: 80°, Bristol, TN: 79°, Asheville, NC: 79°, Elkins, WV: 77°-Tied, New York (Central Park), NY: 76°-Tied, Bridgeport, CT: 73° and Buffalo, NY: 72°. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) (The Weather Channel) 1963: The 28-day dry streak came to an end at Philadelphia, PA. The streak still stands as the longest in their history. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1965 - Fort Lauderdale, FL, was deluged with 13.81 inches of rain, which brought their rainfall total for the month of October to an all-time record of 42.43 inches. (30th-31st) (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) 1971: Snowstorm with 8 inches in Caribou, MN. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1987 - Halloween was a wet one in the southwestern U.S. Heavy rain in southern California resulted in numerous mudslides. Weather-related auto accidents resulted in three deaths and twenty-five injuries. Mount Wilson CA received 3.14 inches of rain in 24 hours. Yakima WA reported measurable rainfall for the first time since the 18th of July. The 103 day long dry spell was their longest of record. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 - Twenty-two cities in the northeastern U.S. reported record low temperatures for the date. The low of 19 degrees at Cleveland OH was a record for October, and morning lows of 21 degrees at Allentown PA and Bridgeport CT tied October records. Nine cities in the southwestern U.S. reported record high temperatures for the date, including Phoenix AZ with a reading of 96 degrees. Showers made Halloween a soggy one in the southeastern U.S. (The National Weather Summary) 1989 - Halloween night was a soggy one in New England. Showers in the northeastern U.S. produced more than an inch and a half of rain in six hours at some locations. An invasion of cold arctic air brought an abrupt end to a week of "Indian Summer" type weather in the Great Lakes Region, and brought snow and subzero wind chill readings to the Northern Plains. In Colorado, Alamosa was the cold spot in the nation with a record low of two degrees above zero, and a Halloween night storm brought 3 to 6 inches of snow to the Front Range, and 5 to 10 inches to the nearby foothills. Icy streets around Denver the next morning made for a rather spooky commute. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1991: Pueblo CO reported 16.5 inches of snow during the month to set a record for October. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1991: A severe winter storm, dubbed the Great Halloween Mega Storm, struck the upper Midwest. Minnesota bore the brunt of this storm. Blizzard conditions occurred with winds gusting frequently to 40 and 50 mph. By the time it was all over on November 2nd, Duluth recorded 37 inches, Minneapolis 28 inches, International Falls 18 inches and 11.2 inches in 24-hours at Sioux Falls, SD, their earliest heavy snowfall of 6 inches or more and snowiest October on record. For Duluth and Minneapolis, the snow amounts set new all-time records for the greatest amount of snow in a single storm. The storm gave these two cities nearly half of their average seasonal snowfall. 1993: Southern Plains cold wave continues. 43 record lows set. 28 degrees in Corpus Christi Texas was the coldest ever in October or November at that location. Brownsville recorded 35 degrees to also set a monthly record. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1994: A commuter airliner crashed near Roselawn, IL, killing all 68 people on-board. The National Transportation Safety Board concluded that icing on the aircraft's control surfaces led to the crash. The board found that ice on the ailerons disrupted the air flow around them and caused the plane to roll upside down. The crash led to research that has led to more accurate icing forecasts for aviation, leading to safer flying. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 2000: October is third driest since 1870. The month ended as the third-driest October in Baltimore, and the second driest ever in Washington, since record keeping began. (Washington Weather Records - KDCA) October is normally the driest month in Baltimore, averaging just 2.98 inches of rain. But Baltimore-Washington International Airport has seen only three days of measurable rain since Sept. 26. and two of those days delivered only 0.01 of an inch each. All told, only 0.08 of an inch of rain has fallen at BWI since Sept. 26. That was 32 days ago. The only Octobers that were drier were in 1924, when barely 0.05 of an inch fell and October 1963, when only a trace of rain was detected at the airport. Baltimore's records go back to 1870. Washington, DC, has had just 0.02 inches of rain since Sept. 26. Only October 1963 was drier, with just a trace of rain. Early relief is not likely. October is third driest since 1870. (Source: Baltimore Sun) Richmond, Virginia had the driest October and also the driest of any month on record with only 0.01 inches precipitation. (Ref. Richmond Weather Records) An F2 tornado destroyed the Oconto, NE, community center while 19 children/4 adults were sheltered in the basement. Every building along main street was destroyed/damaged. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 2014: Snow began falling early Halloween morning in the northwest suburbs. People in the city saw some flakes. It hasn't snowed on Halloween since 1993, and it was only a trace amount of snow that year. But .10 inches of snow was recorded at O'Hare just before 9 a.m. Friday, marking the first measurable snowfall on Halloween in Chicago history. The average date of the first measurable snowfall in Chicago is Nov. 16. (Ref.NBC Channel 7News CHICAGO(WLS)

53 / 41 with 2.09 in the bucket - heaviest rain since Jul 14th for me. Windy but clearing out later (slowly) today for the kids. Mid - upper 50s Hallowwen. Dry and nice fall weekend to dry out. Next week euro has more rain Tue GFS a bit drier. Overalll near - slightly above normal through the next 7 - 10 days.

Very heavy rain up to 2 inches.

Records: Highs: EWR: 82 (1946) NYC: 82 (1961) LGA: 81 (1946) JFK: 79 (1961) Lows: EWR: 31 (1932) NYC: 31 (1925) LGA: 35 (2011) JFK: 30 (1962) Historical: 1844: 30 inches of snow fell during a three day storm at Buffalo Barracks, NY. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1873L Lowest minimum temperature was 26° in DC and tied 10-31-1917 record. (Washington Weather Records - KDCA) 1925 - Nashville, TN, was blanketed with an inch of snow, their earliest measurable snow of record. (The Weather Channel) 1925: Richmond, Virginia had a high temperature for the day of 44 °F making it the coolest October day on record (records since 1897). (Ref. Richmond Weather Records) 1925: The earliest snow greater than one inch in Washington, DC, fell on October 30, 1925, (2.2") and October 20, 1940,(1.4"). The deepest Baltimore snowstorm ever recorded in October struck on this date in 1925, killing at least one person and blinding the rail birds at Laurel Park through all seven races. The storm dropped 1 to 3 inches of snow across the region, with an official 2.5 inches in Baltimore. That remains the deepest October snowfall on record for the city. In Baltimore, the snow began falling around 1 p.m. and continued into the evening, even as surface temperatures remained above freezing. 1947 - The Donora, PA, smog disaster finally came to an end. For five days an inversion trapped impurities in the lower atmosphere over the Monongahela Valley killing 20 persons, and leaving more than 2000 others sick. (26th-30th) (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) 1949: Haines Junction recorded The Yukon Canada’s greatest daily snowfall record as 26.5 inches fell. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 - Severe thunderstorms in Oklahoma produced golf ball size hail and wind gusts to 74 mph near the town of Gould. Unseasonably warm weather prevailed across the central U.S. Temperatures warmed into the 80s form Texas to the Lower Missouri Valley. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1988 - Ten cities in the Upper Midwest reported record low temperatures for the date. The morning low of 20 degrees at South Bend IND was a record for October, and lows of 18 degrees at Grand Rapids MI and 20 degrees at Fort Wayne IND equalled records for October. The low of 2 degrees at International Falls MN smashed their previous record for the date by 11 degrees. Syracuse NY received 2.9 inches of snow to establish a record for October with 5.7 inches for the month. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 - Temperatures soared into the 70s in the northeastern U.S. The record high of 73 degrees at Alpena MI marked their sixth straight day of record warmth. In the western U.S., Klamath Falls OR reported a record low of 19 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) 1991: The Perfect Storm, also known as the No-Name Storm reached maximum strength on this day with a low pressure of 972 mb and sustained winds of 69 mph. 1991: After absorbing Hurricane Grace on the 29th, an intense ocean storm at 972 millibars or 28.70 inches of mercury, known as the Perfect Storm. The storm took a very unusual course and moved westward along 40°N and battered eastern New England with high winds and tides. Winds had already been gusting over 50 mph along the coast two days before. Major coastal flooding and beach erosion occurred all along the New England, New York, and New Jersey coastlines. Over 1,000 homes were damaged or destroyed from tides anywhere from 4 to 7 feet above normal. North Carolina's coast was lashed with occasional winds of 35 to 45 mph for five consecutive days. Other high wind gusts included: 78 mph at the Chatham NWS, 74 mph at Thatcher Island, 68 mph at Marblehead, 64 mph at Blue Hill Observatory (all in Massachusetts) and 63 mph at Newport, RI. Waves 10 to 30 feet high were common from North Carolina to Nova Scotia. In New Jersey, the greatest tidal departures of winter storms of record occurred during this event, with tide heights exceeded only by the Great Atlantic Hurricane of 1944. In Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia, the highest water levels were comparable to those of the nor'easter of March, 1962. A record high tide of 7.8 feet occurred at Ocean City, MD on the 30th, which eclipsed the old record of 7.5 feet recorded during the March 1962 storm. In Massachusetts, 25-foot waves reached the shoreline atop high tides already 4 feet above normal. At Boston, the tide reached 14.1 feet above mean low water or about 1 foot less than the tides associated with the "Blizzard of 1978. " One ship east of New England reported a 63 foot wave. Heavy rain continued into November 1st. Blue Hill Observatory in Milton, MA ended up with 5.76 inches of rain. Total damage from the storm exceeded $200 million dollars. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1991: A strong winter storm brought southwest Kansas its first snowfall for the year, dumping up to 14 inches in Garden City. A large storage shed collapsed due to heavy snows in Johnson, and slippery roads caused a lot of havoc and claimed the life of a child in an automobile accident. Bitter cold temperatures also accompanied the heavy snows, and wind gusts to 45 mph brought wind chills down to -20°. The frigid conditions and blowing snow claimed the lives of two men, both of exposure in separate incidents, when they left their cars after they got stuck. Both men tried to make their way back home. (Ref. The Perfect Storm ) (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1991: Billings, MT dipped to -7 °F which set a new record low for the month of October and it was the first time the station had even been below zero in October. Other October record lows included: Sheridan, WY: -9 °F and Miles City, MT: -8 °F, Scottsbluff, NE equaled their record for the earliest below zero temperature recorded with a low of -1 °F. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1993: Record cold and snow occurred in the central and southern U.S. Cincinnati, OH recorded 5.9 inches of snow for its greatest October monthly snowfall ever. San Antonio, TX saw flakes for the first time ever in October. Laramie, WY plunged to 18° for its coldest reading on record for October. The 12° reading at Amarillo, TX set the same record. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2004: Exceptionally heavy rains drenched the Manoa Valley near Waikiki in Hawaii. 10 inches of rain fell at the Manoa Arboretum in just 12 hours, causing flooding that rushed through the University of Hawaii's main research library. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) (Ref. WxDoctor) 2012: Hurricane Sandy continues to loom ominously off the U.S. east coast, bringing very heavy rain and tropical storm to hurricane force winds to many millions of people well before the worst arrives. The coastal flooding is already terrible, as expected (even as far south as Miami and Fort Lauderdale!). Locations from North Carolina to Maine will continue to see incredible coastal flooding/erosion, with the worst near and north of where the center crosses land (approximately southern NJ into NYC, Long Island). Inland flooding will also be a large problem in the coastal states as well as the inland states throughout the northeast. Finally, the 50-90mph winds that many places will experience can easily damage roofs, break tree limbs, and uproot trees, bringing power lines down with them. Superstorm Sandy. October 28-29. Category 1 Hurricane Sandy transitioned into a monstrous extratropical storm while making landfall along the New Jersey coast, resulting in one of the most intense and damaging East Coast storms of all time. Surging Atlantic waters (8-14 feet) inundated the Jersey shore and low-lying areas of NYC and Long Island, causing estimated damages of at least $60 billion. The storm caused 72 direct deaths (87 indirect) in the United States, the loss of power to 8.5 million homes and businesses, and the cancellation of more than 18,000 airline flights.

58 / 57 - moderate rain with 0.40 already with 1 - 3 in totality. Dries out later this evening and slowly clear out later Friday. Nice dry / fall weekend coming up. Overall near normal / slightly above through the first week.

Records: Highs: EWR: 78 (1971) NYC: 78 (1971) LGA: 77 (1946) JFK: 80 (1971) Lows: EWR: 30 (1965) NYC: 31 (1925) LGA: 33 (2011) JFK: 32 (1965) Historical: 1693: From the Royal Society of London: "There happened a most violent storm in Virginia which stopped the course of ancient channels and made some where there never were any." Known as the Accomack Storm, this event likely caused changes to the Delmarva shoreline 1917 - The temperature at Denver, CO, dipped to zero, and at Soda Butte, WY, the mercury plunged to 33 degrees below zero, a U.S. record for the month of October. (David Ludlum) 1925: The high temperature of 46 degrees today remains the coolest high temperature on record for October in Baltimore. Lowest October High temperature for Baltimore 1942 - A tornado struck the town of Berryville in northwest Arkansas killing 20 persons and causing half a million dollars damage. (David Ludlum) 1948: An historic smog event occurred in the town of Donora, Pennsylvania. The smog killed 20 people and sickened 7,000 more. 1956 - A violent tornado, or series of tornadoes, moved along a path more than 100 miles in length from south of North Platte NE into Rock County NE. It was an unusually late occurence so far north and west in the U.S. for such a storm. (The Weather Channel) 1985: Hurricane Juan, a rather large category 1 storm, meandered on near the Louisiana coast until the 31st when it finally made landfall on the Alabama coast. The slow movement of the storm resulted in excessive rains in Louisiana with many places receiving over 10 inches. Galliano, LA checked in with a storm total of 17.73 inches. Inland flooding combined with an 8 foot storm surge resulted in damage well over $500 million dollars. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 - Severe thunderstorms in Arizona produced wind gusts to 86 mph at the Glendale Airport near Phoenix, baseball size hail and 70 mph winds at Wickenburg, and up to an inch of rain in fifteen minutes in Yavapai County and northwest Maricopa County. Arizona Public Service alone reported 2.5 million dollars damage from the storms. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 - Wintry weather prevailed in the Upper Midwest. South Bend, IN, equalled their record for October with a morning low of 23 degrees. International Falls MN reported a record low of 11 degrees in the morning, then dipped down to 8 degrees above zero late in the evening. (The National Weather Summary) 1989 - Thunderstorms developing along a cold front produced severe weather in Oklahoma and north central Texas during the late afternoon and evening hours. Thunderstorms in Oklahoma produced weak tornadoes near Snyder and Davidson, and produced hail two inches in diameter at Altus. Large hail damaged 60 to 80 percent of the cotton crop in Tillman County OK. Nine cities in the northeastern U.S. reported record high temperatures for the date as readings warmed into the 70s. For Marquette MI it marked their fifth straight day of record warmth. Arctic cold invaded the western U.S. Lows of 7 degrees at Alamosa CO and 9 degrees at Elko NV were records for the date. (The National Weather Summary) 1991: Bismarck, ND set their October snowfall record as 15.9 inches of snow fell through this date, bringing the total for the month to 23.5 inches. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) A deep upper level trough behind a frontal boundary brought record low temperatures for the date including: Chinook, MT: -24°, Havre, MT: -21°, Conrad, MT: -16°, Chester, MT: -15°, Valentine, MT: -15°, Cut Bank, MT: -14°, Stanford, MT: -11°, Butte, MT: -9°, Great Falls, MT: -5°, Sheridan, WY: -4°, Glasgow, MT: -2°, Helena, MT: -2°, Miles City, MT: -2°, Billings, MT: 1°, Rapid City, SD: 1°, Scottsbluff, NE: 3°, Valentine, NE: 5°-Tied, Burns, OR: 6° and Denver, CO: 7° with a record low maximum of 21°.(Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1996: A fast moving squall line producing wind gusts of 50 to 80 mph across parts of northern and central Illinois. The storms downed power lines and trees, which in turn damaged buildings that they fell on. The highest wind gusts were recorded in northeastern Illinois, with a reading of 80 mph at McHenry, 80 mph at Chicago Heights, 79 mph at Carpentersville, 68 mph on the west side of Chicago, 65 mph at Plano, 61 mph at O’Hare Airport, 60 mph at Yorkville and 60 mph at Orlan Park. Further west, a windstorm blasted parts of the Colorado Rockies. Trees and power lines were downed and glass from several windshields were blown out. Property damage ran into the millions of dollars. The highest reported gusts were: Broomfield, CO: 101 mph, Golden Gate Canyon, CO: 100 mph, Coal Creek Canyon, CO: 96 mph, Boulder, CO: 87 mph and Denver International Airport: 43 mph. Insured damage totaled $5.2 million dollars. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2005: Tropical Storm Beta reached hurricane status at 1 a.m. CDT Saturday morning as sustained winds reached 75 mph. With the hurricane status, Beta became the 13th hurricane to develop in the Atlantic Basin. This breaks the record of 12 hurricanes from the year 1969. Yet another record for the books this tropical season. Beta's Track - Weather Underground 2011 - New York City received one inch of snow, the earliest they had received that much snow since records began. It was also only the fourth times since the Civil War snow had fallen in New York City in October. The storm also left over three million people without power including 62% of the customers of Connecticut Light and Power.

Permanent DST bill failed to advance in the senate so as many have predicted we'll likely remain on the DST Mar - Oct and ST Nov - Feb cadence. https://www.reuters.com/world/us/long-stalled-push-make-us-daylight-saving-time-permanent-hits-dead-end-2025-10-28/?utm_source=chatgpt.com

55 / 41 cloudy. Storm later tonight / overnight with worst Thu AM - PM 1 - 3 inches of rain. Dries out but may be a while to clear out Friday with gust winds persistent. Nice dry / fall weekend coming up. Overall near to slightly above normal by way of a bit of back and forth 11/1 - 11/11.

Been a lot of those of late , sunny calls and its partly - mostly cloudy.

Records: Highs: EWR: 84 (2023) NYC: 83 (1919) LGA: 82 (2023) JFK: 81 (2023) Lows: EWR: 25 (1936) NYC: 29 (1976) LGA: 33 (1976) JFK: 30 (1976) Historical: 1846: In the spring of 1846, a group of nearly 90 emigrants left Springfield, Illinois, and headed west to California. The Donner party arrived at the Great Salt Lake and still needed to cross the Sierra Nevada Mountains late in the season. On this day, a heavy snowfall blocked the pass, thus trapping the emigrants. Only 45 of the original 89 emigrants reached California the following year. 1846: A group of inexperienced travelers was caught unaware by a major storm which dumped 5 feet of snow on Donner Pass in California. Their wagons and cattle were trapped along with them and only 45 of the 79 people in the party survived the winter. The group came to be known as the Donner Party, a part of western folklore. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1919: 87° Maximum late season record in Washington, DC. (Ref. Washington Weather Records) Record highs were up and down the East Coast including: Lynchburg, VA: 88°, Baltimore, MD: 87°, Richmond, VA: 87°, Washington, DC: 87°, Charlotte, NC: 86°, Greensboro, NC: 86°, Raleigh, NC: 86°, Savannah, GA: 86°, Norfolk, VA: 86°, Roanoke, VA: 86°, Huntington, WV: 85°, Wilmington, NC: 85°, Atlanta, GA: 84°, Wilmington, DE: 83°, New York (Central Park), NY: 83°, Hartford, CT: 81°, Boston, MA: 81°, Milton, MA: 81°, Asheville, NC: 80°, Harrisburg, PA: 79°, Worcester, MA: 76°, Avoca, PA: 75° and Williamsport, PA: 75°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1936 - The temperature at Layton, NJ, dipped to 9 above zero to establish a state record for the month of October. (The Weather Channel) 1971 - A severe early season blizzard raged across the Plateau Region and Rocky Mountain Region. Heavy snow blocked railroads and interstate highways, and record cold accompanied the storm. Lander WY received 27 inches of snow, and the temperature at Big Piney WY plunged to 15 degrees below zero. (David Ludlum) 1973: Several inches of snow fell in the Georgia Mountains. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1987 - Thunderstorms over the San Joaquin Valley of California produced three-quarters of an inch of rain in thirty minutes at Placerville, and caused numerous power outages due to lightning. Rain began to diminish in the northeastern U.S., but some flooding continued in Vermont, eastern New York and northern New Jersey. One inch rains in Vermont clogged culverts and sewers with fallen leaves, resulting in erosion of dirt roads. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1988 - Arctic cold invaded the north central U.S. Valentine, NE, dipped to 8 degrees, and Cutbank, MT, reported a morning low of one degree above zero. The temperature at Estes Park CO dipped to 15 degrees, but then soared thirty degrees in less than thirty minutes. (The National Weather Summary) 1989 - A storm crossing the western U.S. produced 10 to 20 inches of snow across northern and central Wyoming, with 22 inches reported at Burgess Junction. Seven cities in the Lower Ohio Valley and the Upper Great Lakes Region reported record high temperatures for the date as readings again warmed into the 70s. Alpena MI reported a record high of 75 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1991: 2.4 inches of snow at Yakima, WA was enough to tie the record for most ever snowfall in the entire month of October. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History)

45 / 37 partly cloudy as clouds build in from the south as the system south of us pulls out. Dry today - showers/rain tomorrow night and Thu 1 - 3 inches (perhaps some spots in NNJ/NE get more). Dries out and clears up by mid day Friday. Another dry and nice fall weather weekend coming up this week. Overall near normal to above with a bit of back and forth 11/1 - 11/11.

Records: Highs: EWR: 81 (1963) NYC: 82 (1963) LGA: 79 (1963) JFK: 78 (1963) Lows: EWR: 27 (1936) NYC: 28 (1936) LGA: 33 (1976) JFK: 31 (1976) Historical: 1764 - A "very remarkable storm of snow with high winds" produced 22 inches at Rutland in central Massachusetts. (David Ludlum) 1929 - A snowstorm dumped 27 inches upon Ishpeming, MI, in 24 hours to establish a state record. (David Ludlum) 1943: Coastal storm ends drought, rains on 25th - 28th DC had 3.41 inches of rain and Baltimore got 5.00 inches. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1962 - An early season winter storm over New England blanketed northern Maine with 7 to 16 inches of snow, and southeastern New England with up to 3 inches of snow. Worcester MA received a record 4.7 inches of snow. (The Weather Channel) The low temperature of 21 °F is the lowest temperature ever recorded in Richmond in October. (Ref. Richmond Weather Records) 1987 - Showers and thunderstorms produced locally heavy rain from Virginia to New York State. Fallen leaves made roads and sidewalks slick, and also clogged sewers. Rainfall totals of 1.55 inches at Newark NJ, 1.54 inches at Harrisburg PA, 1.27 inches at Scranton PA, and 1.22 inches at Atlantic City NJ, were records for the date. (The National Weather Summary) 1988 - Low pressure brought snow and gale force winds to the Great Lakes Region, and snow and high winds to the north central U.S. Winds gusted to 47 mph at Lansing MI, and reached 55 mph at Pierre SD. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 - Wintry weather invaded the northwestern U.S. A storm crossing the Central Rockies produced up to 23 inches of snow in the mountains east of Salt Lake City UT. "Indian Summer" continued in the Lower Ohio Valley and the Upper Great Lakes Region. Afternoon highs of 71 degrees at Marquette MI and 72 degrees at Sault Ste Marie MI were records for the date. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1996: Thousands of homes in southern and central Texas were without power after strong storms dumped as much as a foot of rain. The Frio, Guadalupe, and Llano rivers spilled their banks, making roads impassable and stranding some motorists. The Llano crested at 30 feet -- 18 feet above flood stage -- and Llano County sheriff's deputies were evacuating homes downriver. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2003: A strong cold front moved through the Mid-Atlantic during the afternoon, causing an outbreak of severe weather. An F0 tornado touched down in Hainesport, NJ, killing one person. This was the first tornado fatality in Burlington County, NJ history both in modern tornado records kept since 1950, and in reliable unofficial records extending back into the 1700s. The tornado cut a path 1/2 mile long and 30 yards wide. Although the tornado was F0, it is considered a significant tornado, usually F2 or greater, because of the fatality. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2006: An F1 tornado (waterspout) came ashore and caused significant damage on the west side of Apalachicola Florida. 2006: An F1 tornado (waterspout) came ashore and caused significant damage on the west side of Apalachicola Florida. Marine boats sank, four homes destroyed, and part of a hospital roof collapsed. Hundreds of trees and power lines were down, but fortunately there were no serious injuries. (Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2007 Accord Publishing, USA)

Low of 30 here, Now 39 / 34. Dry 48 hours before cutoff system brings heaviest rains since Aug 13/Jul 14th 1 - 3 inches of rin Wed evening into Thu evening. Looks to dry out and perhaps clear out Friday. Cooler Nov 1 -6 before moderation around the 6th - overall near normal by then/ slightly warmer.

Made it to 64 before more clouds came in around 2:/2:30 and had been mostly cloudy since.

61 / 39 great fall day

Records: Highs: EWR: 82 (2023) NYC: 78 (1964) LGA: 80 (2023) JFK: 78 (1971) Lows: EWR: 31 (1952) NYC: 30 (1879) LGA: 34 (1962) JFK: 32 (1962) Historical: 1859 - New York City had their earliest substantial snow of record as four inches blanketed the city. (David Ludlum) 1865: A hurricane sank the steamship USS Mobile off the Georgia coast. The wreck, laden with 20,000 gold coins, was found in 2003. 1879: Boston, Massachusetts had a low temperature of 25 °F on October 26th the coldest temperature for October. Also another 25 °F low was recorded on October 27, 1936. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1919 - The temperature at Bismarck, ND, plunged to ten degrees below zero, the earliest subzero reading of record for the city, and a record for the month of October. (The Weather Channel) 1926 - Barrow, AK, received a record fifteen inches of snow, and also established a 24 hour precipitation record of 1.00 inch which lasted until the 21st of July in 1987. (The Weather Channel) 1952: There have been thousands of weather reconnaissance and research flights into hurricanes in the Atlantic and Pacific since the mid-1940s. There have been several close calls, but only four flights have been lost. A B-29 Super-fortress flight into Super Typhoon Wilma 350 miles east of Leyte in the Philippines disappeared on this date. No trace was ever found of the plane or crew. In the last report, the flight was in the Super typhoon's strongest winds, which were around 160 mph. 1962 - A storm brought five to six inches of snow to Vermont and New Hampshire, with up to ten inches reported in the mountains. (The Weather Channel) 1962: An early season snowstorm hit New England with the most snow over interior sections. Greenville, ME recorded 13.9 inches Worcester, MA recorded 4.7 inches and Portland, ME had 3.6 inches. All of these amounts were new records for the greatest amount of snow for so early in the season. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) Canadian high pressure ushered record cold from the northern Plains to the Southeast. Rockford, IL at 18° recorded their coldest October temperature. Other daily record lows included: Beckley, WV: 18°, Cincinnati, OH: 19°, Dayton, OH: 21°, Mansfield, OH: 21°, Huntington, WV: 21°, Springfield, IL: 22°, Columbus, OH: 23°, Lexington, KY: 23°, Akron, OH: 24°, Charleston, WV: 24°, Lynchburg, VA: 25°, Pittsburgh, PA: 25°, Raleigh, NC: 27°, Charlotte, NC: 29°, Atlanta, GA: 30°, Athens, GA: 31°, Montgomery, AL: 32°, Wilmington, NC: 32°, Charleston, SC: 33°, Savannah, GA: 34° and Norfolk, VA: 36°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1968: Canadian high pressure system behind a strong cold front brought chilly temperatures to the Southeast. Cross City, FL reported and all-time October record low of 30°. Other daily record lows included: Nashville, TN: 27°, Paducah, KY: 28°, Chattanooga, TN: 29°, Birmingham, AL: 29°, Atlanta, GA: 29°, Montgomery, AL: 31°, Macon, GA: 32°, Tallahassee, FL: 35°, Baton Rouge, LA: 37°-Tied, Pensacola, FL: 40°-Tied and Vero Beach, FL: 50°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1983 - A heat wave was in progress over the Northern Rockies, with record highs of 81 degrees at Sheridan WY and Billings MT.(Sandra and TI Richard Sanders - 1987) 1987 - Five cities in south central Texas reported record high temperatures for the date, including Corpus Christi and Del Rio with readings of 93 degrees. Laredo TX was the hot spot in the nation with a high of 98 degrees. Thunderstorms moving over the Lower Mississsippi Valley deluged Lake Charles LA with 2.70 inches of rain in one hour resulting in severe local flooding. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1997: An autumn snowstorm pummeled central and south-central Nebraska with record early season snows. Wind-driven snowfall amounts totaled as much as two feet by storms' end. Several highways were closed, including Interstate 80, as near-blizzard conditions developed. Once the snow subsided, the record early season snow totals were tallied. Guide Rock measured twenty-four inches of snow, Clay Center twenty-three inches, and Hastings seventeen inches. A fifty-mile wide swath of snow more than fifteen inches fell from near Alma to York. Amounts further north averaged from four to eight inches. The heavy, wet snow was responsible for many power outages in the area as tree limbs broke and fell on power lines. At one point, the town of Hardy had no power and could not be accessed by vehicles due to the snow. Numerous schools and businesses remained closed several days following the storm. Many highways, including Interstate 80, closed at the height of the storm. On Highway 136 east of Alma, road crews worked for ten hours carving through a ten-foot drift that covered the road. Record cold accompanied the snow as temperatures dropped to the single digits on the morning of the 26th. 1988 - Thunderstorms moving out of northern Texas spawned five tornadoes in Louisiana during the morning hours. The thunderstorms also produced wind gusts to 75 mph at Jennings LA, and the driver of a vehicle was killed by a falling tree near Coushatta LA. Snow squalls in the Lower Great Lakes Region produced heavy snow in western New York State, with 12 inches reported at Colden. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 - Unseasonably warm weather continued in the north central U.S. Afternoon highs of 78 degrees at Alpena MI, 75 degrees at Duluth MN, 79 degrees at Fargo ND, 77 degrees at International Falls MN, 76 degrees at Marquette MI, 75 degrees at Sault Ste Marie MI, and 80 degrees at Saint Cloud MN, were all the warmest of record for so late in the season. Morning lows of 63 degrees at Concordia KS and Omaha NE were the warmest of record for the date. (The National Weather Summary) 1997: Scientists discovered a massive "blowdown" of 20,000 acres of spruce trees in north-central Colorado. 31 square miles of old-growth forests high in the Rockies were destroyed by unusual "mountain wave" clouds that blew 120 mph winds along the western side of the Continental Divide as a major blizzard pounded the Plains from the through the 26th. Behind the storm, record low temperatures were reported across the Plains including: Scottsbluff, NE: 0°, Rapid City, SD: 2°, Goodland, KS: 10°, Grand Island, NE: 13°-Tied and Omaha, NE: 21°-Tied. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1998: Hurricane Mitch, the second deadliest hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean, reached Category 5 strength on this day. 2002: The football game between the Richmond Spiders and Rhode Island was suspended due to a flooded field at Meade Stadium in Kingston, RI. The field began to become covered with water during the first half, but a halftime downpour covered the entire field. Water was knee deep on parts of the field and no grass was visible by the time the game was suspended. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2005: The summit on Mt. Washington, NH received an additional 27.5 inches of snow during the overnight to break their 24-hour snowfall record set just 9 days earlier. During the previous 12 days, 72 inches fell, nearly 25 % of the normal yearly total. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) (Ref. WxDoctor)

45 / 44 partly cloudy. Should clear up to get mostly sunny with warmest at or low 60s. Dry / cooler Mon - Wed before dealing withthe cutoff and system Thu (30th) it does look to dry up and perhaps clear out for fri. Beyond there near - below normal the opening week with progression toward or above normal overall beyond there.