SACRUS

SEP 29: Records: Highs: EWR: 89 (1945) NYC: 88 (1945) LGA: 86 (1945) JFK: 82 (1948) Lows: EWR: 40 (1942) NYC: 42 (1942) LGA: 43 (1942) JFK: 44 (2000) Historical: 1896: This was one of the worst if not the worst Hurricanes to hit the Richmond area. This was just before the weather Bureau was set up in Richmond and there was no warning of the storm's approach. The hurricane was traveling at a high rate of speed probably 60 miles per hour and didn't last long when it hit the Richmond area because of its speed. But the wind damage was very significant and rainfall in the Richmond area was not particularly heavy because of the shortness of the storm. But with the Ford speed being so rapid it added to the wind velocities which were released hurricane force in many areas. (Ref. Hurricanes of the Middle Atlantic States by Rick Schwartz pps100-104) A major hurricane struck Cedar Key, FL, inundating the keys with a 10 foot storm surge. Headlines read, "Cedar Key Crushed," and "Town Almost Wiped Out." Famous for its cedar trees, the Keys featured several major pencil manufacturers that were wiped out by the storm. Moving rapidly to the north-northeast then north, the cyclone passed west of the Washington, DC area bringing wing gusts in excess of 60 mph. This former hurricane passing to the east of Washington, DC giving 62 MPH winds (fastest mile) and 51 mph sustained wind for five minutes and the barometer fell to 29.14 inches of mercury at 2250 in Washington, DC. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1914: Boston, Massachusetts has the coldest temperature of 34 °F for the month of September. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1915: A severe category 4 hurricane struck southeastern Louisiana and produced winds to 140 mph in Terrebone Parish. The pressure dropped to 952 millibars or 28.11 inches of mercury. 90% of the buildings were destroyed in the parish. 275 people were killed and $13 million dollars in damage was done. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1924: Norfolk saw winds reach 76 mph sustained from a cyclone that became nontropical over the Southeast U.S.. In Fauquier county, four inches of rain fell at Leads Manor on the 29th. In Richmond county, 4.60" of rain fell at Warsaw on the 30th. Richmond, VA recorded 2.19 inches of rain on the 29th and 2.85 inches on the 30th for a total of 5.04 inches. Leeds Manor (4.00"), Stuart (4.20"), Urbanna (3.80"), and Winchester (2.05") all set 24-hour rainfall records for September during this tempest. East Coast Rain Storm 1925: The world record for a 3 minute rainfall total was set in Haughton Grove, Jamaica where 1.75 inches of rain fell. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1927 - An outbreak of tornadoes from Oklahoma to Indiana caused 81 deaths and 25 million dollars damage. A tornado (possibly two tornadoes) cut an eight-mile long path across Saint Louis MO, to Granite City IL, killing 79 persons. The damage path at times was a mile and a quarter in width. The storm followed a similar path to tornadoes which struck in 1871, 1896, and 1959. (The Weather Channel) 1938: A tornado hit Charleston, SC at 8 AM and did $2 million in damage. A total of five tornadoes hit the city between 6:45am and 9 AM, killing 32 people. One of the tornadoes passed from James Island, over the Ashley River, to just west of the Fort Sumter Hotel, causing extensive damage on Market & Broad Streets. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1959 - A storm produced 28 inches of snow at Colorado Springs, CO. (David Ludlum) 1959:Hurricane Gracie made landfall near Beaufort, SC with a central pressure around 950 millibars or 28.05 inches of mercury. Beaufort recorded sustained winds of 97 mph with a peak gust to 138 mph. 10 people were killed in South Carolina and Georgia. As a weakening Gracie moved through the Mid Atlantic area on the 30th, she spawned an F3 tornado at Ivy, VA which killed 11 people. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1983 - Heavy rains began in central and eastern Arizona which culminated in the worst flood in the history of the state. Eight to ten inch rains across the area caused severe flooding in southeastern Arizona which resulted in thirteen deaths and 178 million dollars damage. President Reagan declared eight counties of Arizona to be disaster areas. (The Weather Channel) 1985: Denver, CO had a morning low of 17°, which set a record low temperature for the month of September. The afternoon high of 29° set the all-time record low maximum for the month. Grand Island, NE received 2 inches of snow their earliest snow on record. Other record lows included: West Yellowstone, MT: 3°, Wisdom, MT: 3°, Livingston, MT: 10°, Butte, MT: 10°, Red Lodge, MT: 11°, Dillon, MT: 11°, Boulder, MT: 11°, Valentine, MT: 14°, Cheyenne, WY: 14 °F. (Ref. Additional Temperatures Listed On This Link) 1986 - A week of violent weather began in Oklahoma which culminated in one of the worst flooding events in the history of the state. On the first day of the week early morning thunderstorms caused more than a million dollars damage in south Oklahoma City. Thunderstorms produced 4 to 7 inches of rain from Hobart to Ponca City, and another round of thunderstorms that evening produced 7 to 10 inches of rain in north central and northeastern sections of Oklahoma. (Storm Data) 1987 - A slow moving cold front produced rain from the Great Lakes Region to the Central Gulf Coast Region. A late afternoon thunderstorm produced wind gusts to 62 mph at Buffalo NY. Warm weather continued in the western U.S. In Oregon, the afternoon high of 96 degrees at Medford was a record for the date. (The National Weather Summary) 1988 - High pressure brought freezing temperatures to parts of Vermont and New York State. Burlington VT dipped to 30 degrees, and Binghamton NY reported a record low of 34 degrees. The high pressure system also brought cold weather to the Central Rocky Mountain Region. Alamosa CO reported a record low of 18 degrees, and Gunnison CO was the cold spot in the nation with a morning low of just five degrees above zero. (National Weather Summary) 1989 - Seven cities reported record high temperatures for the date, as readings soared into the 80s and low 90s in the Northern Plateau and Northern Plains Region. Record highs included 91 degrees at Boise ID, and 92 degrees at Sheridan WY. The high of 100 degrees at Tucson AZ marked their 51st record high of the year, and their 92nd day of 100 degree weather. (National Weather Summary) 1991: Snow began in Caribou, ME during the evening ending early the next morning with 2.5 inches accumulating. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) Sep 30: Records: Highs: EWR: 89 (1986) NYC: 89 (1986) LGA: 88 (1988) JFK: 84 (1986) Lows: EWR: 38 (1942) NYC: 39 (1912) LGA: 43 (1947) JFK: 43 (1991) Historical: 1875: What weather observers “observe” has changed with time. Among the remarks noted by the Lynchburg, VA observer, was today’s migration of hundreds of squirrels across the James River. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 1892: Central Park in New York City, NY concluded its wettest month ever with 16.85 inches of rain. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1896 - A hurricane formed on September 22 and lasted until September 30. It formed directly over the Lesser Antilles and hit Cuba, Florida, Georgia, South and North Carolina, Virginia, Washington D.C., and Pennsylvania. Its maximum sustained winds were at 130 mph. The heaviest rainfall deposited in association with the storm was 19.96 inches at Glennville, Georgia. This hurricane was responsible for an estimated 130 deaths and $1.5 million in damage (1896 dollars). 1896: A hurricane moving through the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. The system then tracked inland through the Southeast to the west of Washington, DC. Richmond suffered severely from the cyclone. Communication was gone early on during the storm the only line that remained open belonged to Western Union, the wire than ran to Wilmington, NC. The steeple of the Second Baptist church yielded to the storm, falling across main street. The Governor's Mansion survived the cyclone reasonably well. Damage totaled $150,000 at the state capital. In Petersburg the Imperial Hotel was unroofed. Smaller buildings experienced great damage. Fredericksburg saw its St. George's church steeple injured by the cyclone. In Alexandria the Third Baptist Colored church was razed to the ground ($5000). Over forty windmills were wrecked at Falls Church. Manassas saw its Evangelical Lutheran church blown six inches off its foundation. It was one of the worst storms on record in the District of Columbia as five-minute sustained winds peaked at 66 mph and gusts reached 80 mph; the pressures fell to 29.14" around 11 p.m.. At 10:30 p.m., the steeple to the New York Avenue Presbyterian Church crashed to the ground. A five story brick building was demolished, injuring the adjoining buildings, trapping five men under debris. Many buildings were unroofed. Capitol Hill saw even greater damage. Georgetown experienced its worst storm ever. A few panes of glass at the White House were shattered as well. Winds began to subside by 12:55 a.m.. In all, a $390,000 in damage was incurred. A flash flood at Staunton, along Lewis Creek, overran its banks, killing five. Seven inches of rain on the 30th swelled a large lake near the town, bursting its dam at 10 p.m.. Alarms were sounded as torrents of water rushed down Central Avenue, submerging everything in its path. Twenty-five houses were moved from their foundations before crumbling in the angry waters ($500,000). On the 1st, the and Chesapeake & Ohio Canal merged into one as flood waters increased their height and breadth. (Ref. for 1896 Fall Storm) 1924: Norfolk saw winds reach 76 mph sustained from a cyclone that became nontropical over the Southeast U.S.. In Fauquier county, four inches of rain fell at Leads Manor on the 29th. In Richmond county, 4.60" of rain fell at Warsaw on the 30th. Richmond, VA recorded 2.19 inches of rain on the 29th and 2.85 inches on the 30th for a total of 5.04 inches. Leeds Manor (4.00"), Stuart (4.20"), Urbanna (3.80"), and Winchester (2.05") all set 24-hour rainfall records for September during this tempest. East Coast Rain Storm 1932: Southern California: Tropical cyclone rainfall of 4.38 inches at Tehachapi in 7 hours causes flash floods on Auga Caliente and Tehachapi Creeks resulting in 15 deaths. (Ref. WxDoctor) 1934: DCA had the wettest September on record 17.45 inches at 24th and M street in Washington, DC. (Ref. Washington Weather Records - KDCA) 1943: A tropical storm that formed southwest of Bermuda moved to the northwest and into the Delmarva Peninsula overnight October 1 then dissipated in extreme northeastern Maryland as a depression. Atlantic City, NJ measured a gust to 78 mph and Cape Henry, VA gusted to 72 mph. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1959 - Three tornadoes spawned by the remnants of Hurricane Gracie killed 12 persons at Ivy VA. (The Weather Channel) 1961: An early season snowfall occurred over the Northern Plains with the greatest total of 4 inches falling in the New Ulm- Mankato area in Minnesota. Austin, MN had their earliest measurable snowfall with half an inch. Omaha, NE had its first September snow in 70 years. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1970: A nineteen-month drought in southern California came to a climax. The drought, that made brush and buildings tinder dry, set up the worst fire conditions in California history as hot Santa Anna winds sent the temperature soaring to 105 degrees at Los Angeles, and to 97 degrees at San Diego. During that last week of September whole communities of interior San Diego County were consumed by fire. Half a million acres were burned, and the fires caused fifty million dollars damage. (David Ludlum) 1970 - A nineteen month drought in southern California came to a climax. The drought, which made brush and buildings tinder dry, set up the worst fire conditions in California history as hot Santa Anna winds sent the temperature soaring to 105 degrees at Los Angeles, and to 97 degrees at San Diego. During that last week of September whole communities of interior San Diego County were consumed by fire. Half a million acres were burned, and the fires caused fifty million dollars damage. (David Ludlum) 1977 - The temperature at Wichita Falls, TX, soared to 108 degrees to establish a record for September. (The Weather Channel) 1979: This was the eighth day of 29 consecutive days when no measurable rain fell at Chicago, IL. The only measurable rain for the month came on the 1st with 0.01 inches. This was their driest September on record. Rockford, IL only received 0.05 inches of rain; their driest month ever. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1985: An early season snowstorm covered much of the Arrowhead Region of Minnesota with 7 to 9 inches of snow. Some snow depths reported for the event, which ended the next day, were 7 inches at Babbitt and Aurora, 7.5 inches at Isabella, and 8.5 inches at Poplar Lake. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1986 - Thunderstorms, which had inundated northern sections of Oklahoma with heavy rain, temporarily shifted southward producing 4 to 8 inches rains from Shawnee to Stilwell. Baseball size hail and 80 mph winds ripped through parts of southeast Oklahoma City, and thunderstorm winds caused more than half a million dollars damage at Shawnee. (Storm Data) 1987 - Afternoon thunderstorms in Michigan produced hail an inch in diameter at Pinckney, and wind gusts to 68 mph at Wyandotte. A thunderstorm in northern Indiana produced wet snow at South Bend. Seven cities in the northwestern U.S. reported record high temperatures for the date, including readings of 98 degrees at Medford OR and 101 degrees at downtown Sacramento CA. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 - Unseasonably warm weather prevailed over Florida, and in the western U.S. The afternoon high of 94 degrees at Fort Myers FL was their tenth record high for the month. Highs of 98 degrees at Medford OR and 99 degrees at Fresno CA were records for the date, and the temperature at Borrego Springs CA soared to 108 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) 1989 - Thirteen cities reported record high temperatures for the date, as readings soared into the upper 80s and 90s from the Northern and Central High Plains Region to Minnesota. Bismarck ND reported a record high of 95 degrees, and the temperature reached 97 degrees at Broadus MT. Afternoon thunderstorms developing along a cold front produced wind gusts to 60 mph at Wendover UT. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1992: The past month was the coldest September ever recorded in interior Alaska. Fairbanks averaged a frigid 31.7° which was 13.2° below normal and the first below freezing September ever. Beginning on the 9th and on every day for the rest of the month, a new record low was set for either low minimums or low maximums, or both. On this date, the city plunged to 3° to set a new all-time record low for September. Snowfall for the month totaled 24.4 inches which was more than three times the previous record for September. 2001: Phoenix, AZ had an average temperature for the month of 92.2°, the city's hottest September day on record. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2003: Grand Rapids, Michigan: With a trace of snow hitting the ground, Grand Rapids records its earliest occurrence of measurable snowfall, beating the old mark by a week. (Ref. WxDoctor) 2004: Driven mostly by outbreaks from Hurricanes Frances and Ivan, 279 tornadoes were recorded for the month, by far the most tornadoes ever to occur in September in the U.S. West Palm Beach, FL had its wettest month on record with 29.40 inches of rain. Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne contributed most to the total. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2006: A rare F1 tornado struck North Berwick, ME, causing damage to roofs, windows. Damaged totaled $125,000. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) The first phase of the deluge focused on the Southeast, starting on September 26 (4.20 inches Macon, Georgia). September 27th Wilmington, North Carolina had 10.33 inches of rain. As the remains of Nicole tracked toward North Carolina on September 30, tropical downpours spread into the Northeast, On September 30, Baltimore, Maryland, reported its second wettest day on record, with 6.02 inches of rain. Two-day totals on October 1 reached 7.58 inches in Wilmington, Delaware, and exceeded five inches northward into western Massachusetts. Event totals exceeded 16 inches in eastern North Carolina, and over a foot of rain fell northward into the Chesapeake Bay region. Although widespread flooding occurred, drought conditions preceding the deluge mitigated the impacts. Today Portsmouth, Virginia storm spotter ID vpor002 measured 9.10 inches an all-time station daily rainfall record. [database to 1976] (Ref. Weatherwise U.S. Weather Highlights of 2010 page 9)

58 / 57 partly cloudy. Mid / upper 70s in the warmest spots and then clouds in the way of wisedpread 80s tomorrow, with Friday the warmest day mid, perhaps upper 80s. Lets see if we can remain dry this weekend as the latest forecasts go. 9/30 - 10/3 : Above - much above normal 10/4 - 10/9 : Overall near normal split warmer/cooler 10/10 - beyond : Ridging east - overall warmer

Records: High: EWR: 87 (2014) NYC: 88 (1881) LGA: 84 (2014) JFK: 82 (1948) Lows: EWR: 38 (1947) NYC: 41 (1947) LGA: 42 (1947) JFK: 44 (1989) Historical: 1836 - The first of three early season snows brought four inches of snow to Hamilton, NY, and two inches to Ashby MA. (David Ludlum) 1837: The first recorded storm to rake the entire Texas coast was Racer’s Storm, named for a British sloop of war which encountered the system in the extreme northwestern Caribbean on September 28th. It is remembered as one of the most destructive storms of the nineteenth century due to its extreme duration and 2000 mile path of destruction. 1874 - A strong category 1 hurricane went by Charleston and Georgetown, South Carolina. The tide was unprecedented height, inundating the entire riverfront of the city of Charleston. 1893 - Albuquerque, NM, was soaked with 2.25 inches of rain, enough to establish a 24 hour record for that city. (The Weather Channel) 1917 - A hurricane hit Pensacola, FL. Winds gusted to 95 mph, and the barometric pressure dipped to 28.50 inches. Winds at Mobile AL gusted to 75 mph. (The Weather Channel) 1929 - A hurricane-spawned tornado hit Fort Lauderdale, Florida. While the path length of this estimated F2 tornado was 0.8 miles, it caused 16 injuries. 1947: Boston, Massachusetts recorded its highest September pressure of 30.66 inches of mercury. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1974: Belleville Ill.--Lightning killed a man who was playing football in a park. Orlando, Fla.--A 20-year-old Naval Training Center student was killed while jogging. (Ref. Lightning-The Underrated Killer.pdf) 1984: Coolest September day ever recorded in Washington, DC. The maximum was 51 °F and the minimum was 47°F. (Ref. Washington Weather Records) Richmond, Virginia had a high temperature for the day of 52 °F making it the coolest September day on record (records since 1897). (Ref. Richmond Weather Records) 1986: Flash flooding swept a car off the Kamehameha Highway on Oahu, Hawaii, and into a swollen stream. The driver held onto some branches until help arrived, but the current did strip him of his clothes and watch! (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1987 - Thunderstorms produced up to ten inches of rain in southern Kansas and north central Oklahoma overnight. The Chikaskia River rose 2.5 feet above flood stage at Blackwell OK during the day causing flooding in Kay and Grant counties of north central Oklahoma. Early morning thunderstorms in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas produced 3.07 inches of rain in six hours at McAllen. Thunderstorms produced up to six inches of rain in southeastern Texas later in the day. (National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 - Thunderstorms developing ahead of a cold front in the central U.S. produced severe weather from northern Texas to the Lower Missouri Valley during the late afternoon and evening hours. Hail three inches in diameter was reported at Nolan TX, and wind gusts to 80 mph were reported at Lawrence KS. Thunderstorms drenched downtown Kansas City MO with up to four inches of rain, leaving some cars stranded in water six feet deep. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1989 - Thunderstorms over northeastern Florida drenched Jacksonville with 4.28 inches of rain between midnight and 6 AM EDT. Unseasonably cool weather prevailed in the northeastern U.S. Five cities reported record low temperatures for the date, including Binghamton NY with a reading of 30 degrees. Morning lows were in the 20s in northern New England. Unseasonably mild weather prevailed in the northwestern U.S., with afternoon highs in the upper 70s and 80s. In Oregon, Astoria reported a record high of 83 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1998: On the morning of September 28th, Hurricane George made landfall near Biloxi, Mississippi with maximum winds of 110 mph and a minimum pressure of 964 mb, making it a Category 2 hurricane. After landfall, Georges moved very slowly across southern Mississippi and weakened to a tropical depression by the morning of the 29th when the center was about 30 miles north-northeast of Mobile, Alabama. The storm dissipated near the northeast Florida/southeast Georgia coast by the morning of October 1, 1998.

Made it to 67 today, despite lingering clouds hope to get to the low 70s tomorrow and then Wed - Fri 80s.

LP Center moving into and through Belmar

Records: Highs: EWR: 91 (1998) NYC: 90 (1933) LGA: 90 (1988) JFK: 89 (1998) Lows: EWR: 35 (1947) NYC: 41 (1957) LGA: 43 (1947) JFK: 46 (2000) Historical: 1816 - A black frost over most of New England kills unripened corn in the north resulting in a year of famine. (David Ludlum) 1822: Using various documents and meteorological observations determined a hurricane moved ashore on this day in South Carolina. One account from Bull Island, South Carolina records the eye passing directly over that location. 1822: Mail south of Richmond was unable to be delivered for three days, as the storm rendered roads impassable. At Monticello, near Charlottesville, Thomas Jefferson's granddaughter noted that a violent storm broke branches and felled one of their willows. At Lynchburg, winds uprooted trees and toppled chimneys. Along the Staunton River, rains began on the 27th and continued until 9 a.m. the next day. The river rose to "the greatest height ever known." (Chapman) (Ref. for Charleston Hurricane) 1906: The second September storm of 1906 was one of great violence. On the 27th the hurricane reached the central Gulf Coast with destructive winds and unprecedented tides. At Pensacola, FL, the tide was 10 feet above normal. At Mobile, AL property damage was severe. An estimated 134 lives were lost from Pensacola, FL to Mississippi from this storm. 1936: Denver, Colorado: Early season snowstorm buries Denver. Storm total of 21.3 inches falls at airport in 60 hours. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1942: Snowflakes flew across parts of Lower Michigan as temperatures fall to the lower 30s and only rose into the 40s during the day. Fort Wayne, IN reported a trace of snow on this date and two days prior. These dates remain the only two September snowfalls on record at that location. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1955: The U.S. Weather Bureau's station on Swan Island in the western Caribbean was destroyed as Hurricane Janet passed very close to the island. Winds gusts were estimated to have reached 200 mph. Janet made landfall at Chetumal, Mexico early on the 28th where winds were sustained at 175 mph and the pressure dropped to 914 millibars or 27.00 inches of mercury. Over 500 people were killed and damage exceeded $40 million. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1958: Hurricane Helene passed just off the North Carolina coast. Wilmington had sustained winds of 88 mph with a peak gust of 135 mph, a record and recorded 8.29 inches of rain. Cape Fear was battered by sustained winds of 125 mph with gusts to 155 mph. This was a near miss however as the eye remained about 20 miles offshore and thus the tides were not excessive. Total damage was $11 million dollars. (Ref. Daily News Record Newspaper - Harrisonburg, Virginia) (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1959 - A tornado 440 yards in width traveled twenty miles from near Hollow, OK, to western Cherokee County KS. Although a strong tornado, it was very slow moving, and gave a tremendous warning roar, and as a result no one was killed. (The Weather Channel) 1970 - Afternoon highs of 103 degrees at Long Beach, CA, and 105 degrees at the Los Angeles Civic Center were the hottest since September records were established in 1963. Fierce Santa Ana winds accompanying the extreme heat resulted in destructive fires. (The Weather Channel) 1985 - A record early season snowstorm struck the Central High Plains Region. The storm left up to nineteen inches of snow along the Colorado Front Range, and as much as a foot of snow in the High Plains Region. (Storm Data) 1985 - Hurricane Gloria swept over the Outer Banks then rushed across Long Island, New England, and Canada. It was the first significant hurricane to hit New England in twenty-five years and brought heavy rains and high winds to the Mid-Atlantic states as well. 1984: Tropical Storm Isidore made landfall near West Palm Beach during the morning hours. From there it moved slowly to near Orlando in the evening, then recurved to the northeast and crossed over Jacksonville and out to sea the next day. The highest wind gust was 73 mph near St. Augustine. Rainfall of 5 to 7 inches in north Florida caused local flooding. Heavy snow fell across parts of the Plains and Colorado Foothills. Snowfall totals ranged from 2 to 5 inches across the Plains with up to a foot in the higher elevations in the Foothills. The main problem caused by the storm was thousands of power outages caused by snapped tree limbs falling on power lines. Some cars were damaged by falling trees and limbs. The snow also caused flight delays at Denver where just over 5 inches of snow fell. The high temperature the next day in Denver only managed to make it to 34°, a record low maximum for the date and equaled the all-time September record up to that time. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1985: Hurricane Gloria today makes landfall on western Long Island, New York with sustained winds of 85 mph. (gusts to 115 mph.), moving at 35 mph., Pressure 28.37 inches or 961 mb. and a storm surge of 4- 7 feet above Mean Tide. Hurricane Gloria was one of the most intensely reported events of the 1980's. Gloria hit New York and Connecticut as a moderate hurricane in September 1985. Although Gloria was not a major hurricane when it struck Connecticut, it was significantly more damaging to Connecticut than Hurricane Belle (1976) and Hurricane Donna (1960). Gloria at one time had a central pressure of 919 mb (27.13 in.), and sustained winds of 150 mph. - making Gloria almost a category five hurricane. At this time, Gloria was one of the largest and most intense cyclones to ever threaten the middle and north Atlantic states in several generations. Gloria brushed the North Carolina Outer Banks near midnight on September 27, with sustained winds of 105-mph and a central pressure of 27.83 inches (942 mb). The Diamond Shoals light-tower sixteen -miles off the North Carolina coast, recorded sustained winds of 98-mph with gusts to 120-mph. Gloria continued to accelerate northward off the eastern US coast brushing the coast of Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, and New Jersey with hurricane-force gusts. Gloria finally crossed the coast of the United States mainland near western Long island, New York about 10-miles east of Kennedy International Airport. Passing over central Long Island, Gloria crossed the Connecticut coast near Bridgeport about 40-minutes later with sustained winds of 80-mph. 1987 - While those at the base of Mount Washington, NH, enjoyed sunny skies and temperatures in the 70s, the top of the mountain was blanketed with 4.7 inches of snow, along with wind gusts to 99 mph, and a temperature of 13 degrees. Severe thunderstorms developed along a cold front in the south central U.S. A thunderstorm west of Noodle TX produced golf ball size hail and wind gusts to 70 mph. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 - Thunderstorms developing ahead of a cold front produced large hail in southeastern Wyoming during the afternoon, with tennis ball size hail reported at Cheyenne. Strong winds ushering the cold air into the north central U.S. gusted to 59 mph at Lander WY. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 - Freezing temperatures were reported in the Great Lakes Region and the Ohio Valley. Houghton Lake MI reported a record low of 21 degrees. Thunderstorms in the western U.S. produced wind gusts to 50 mph at Salt Lake City UT, and gusts to 58 mph at Cody WY.(The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)

60 / 58 still light - moderate rain winds 10-15 and gusts to 23 MOH here 3.06 in the bucket as a whole and will likely end with 4 more inches of rain. Slow dry out and clearing by Tuesday PM and then a 58 hour warmup Wed - Fri with some warm spots into the 80s Wed-Thu-Fri and a nice period to dry out from this mess. Overall near normal 10/4 - beyond back and forth themed - hope we can dry out a bit.

Records: Highs: EWR: 90 (2007) NYC: 91 (1970) LGA: 90 (2007) JFK: 87 (1970) Lows: EWR: 40 (1940) NYC: 42 (1940) LGA: 44 (1947) JFK: 47 (1949) Historical: 1936 - Denver, CO, was buried under 21.3 inches of snow, 19.4 inches of which fell in 24 hours. The heavy wet snow snapped trees and wires causing seven million dollars damage. (26th-27th) (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) 1936: The heaviest snowfall ever recorded in September and the heaviest snowfall ever recorded so early in the season dumped a total of 16.5 inches of snow on downtown Denver and 21.3 inches at Denver Municipal Airport. The 15.0 inches of snow measured from 6:00 PM on the 27th to 6:00 PM on the 28th is the greatest 24-hour snowfall ever recorded in September. This was the first snow of the season. The snow was intermittent on the 26th, but continuous from early afternoon on the 27th to around midnight on the 28th, except for a period of rain during the afternoon of the 28th. 1936: A forest fire burned several miles east of the town of Brandon, Oregon. The fire was far enough away that residents were not particularly worried. A sudden shift in the winds drove the flames westward and through town. The fire, caused by summer drought and fueled by the abundant Gorse Weed found in many of the empty spaces between buildings in Bandon, caused so much destruction that only a handful of structures were left standing when the fire finally died down. 1936 - A forest fire burned several miles east of the town of Bandon, Oregon. The fire was far enough away that residents were not particularly worried. A sudden shift in the winds drove the flames westward and through town. The fire, caused by summer drought and fueled by the abundant Gorse Weed found in many of the empty spaces between buildings in Bandon, caused so much destruction that only a handful of structures were left standing when the fire finally died down. 1942: A severe freeze was experienced across the upper Plains and Midwest from the 26th to the 28th. The temperature at Parshall, ND dropped to a record low of 4° on this date. Winona, MN dropped to 25°, their coldest September temperature. Also on this date, snow fell across parts of Minnesota, Iowa and Wisconsin. Locations recording their earliest measurable snowfall included: Caledonia, MN: 5 inches, Fayette, IA: 1 inch and La Crosse, WI: 0.2 of an inch. Snow fell in early morning, mostly melting as it fell. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1950 - Residents of the northeastern U.S. observed a blue sun and a blue moon, caused by forest fires in British Columbia. (David Ludlum) 1953: The center of Hurricane Florence hit the northwest Florida coast between Valparaiso and Panama City near midday with wind maximum sustained winds near 80 mph with gusts to 90 mph and heavy rainfall. The Pensacola Weather Bureau Office reported winds of up to 75 mph early the next morning. The storm passed inland over a sparsely settled area of Florida and this probably accounts for the rather small amount of damage. In Franklin and Okaloosa Counties the Red Cross estimated that 273 homes were destroyed, 145 other buildings damaged, and three destroyed. A fishing trawler, the "Miss Tampa" was reported missing in the storm's wake. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1955: On this date, the Atlantic reconnaissance aircraft, ”Snowcloud Five” went down while investigating Hurricane Janet and was never heard from again. Lt. Comdr. Windham with a crew of 8 and two newspapermen reported that they were about to begin penetrating the central core of the hurricane. The hurricane made landfall at peak intensity near Chetumal, Mexico on September 29th. Janet's landfall as a Category 5 hurricane on the Yucatán Peninsula was the first recorded instance that a storm of such intensity in the Atlantic made landfall on a continental mainland; prior to Janet, landfalls of Category 5 intensity were only known to have taken place on islands. 1963 - San Diego, CA, reached an all-time record high of 111 degrees. Los Angeles hit 1S09 degrees. (David Ludlum) 1970 - Santa Ana winds brought fires to Los Angeles County, and to points south and east. Half a million acres were consumed by the fires, as were 1000 structures. Twenty firemen were injured. (25th-29th) (The Weather Channel) 1971: Project Stormfury was an attempt to weaken tropical cyclones by flying aircraft into them and seeding with silver iodide. The project was run by the United States Government from 1962 to 1983. Hurricane Ginger in 1971 was the last hurricane Project Stormfury seeded. 1979 - In the midst of a hot September for Death Valley, California, the afternoon high was 104 degrees for the second of three days, the coolest afternoon highs for the month. (The Weather Channel) 1985: Hurricane Gloria weakened briefly while moving from northeast of the Bahamas to just off the southern North Carolina coast by days end. Gloria peaked the previous day with maximum sustained winds of 145 mph and a minimum central pressure of 920 millibars or 27.17 inches of mercury. Gloria weakened during this date to 90 mph at 06z and 12z before regaining strength intensifying to 100 mph by days end. Washington, DC area was lucky as hurricane Gloria stays well east of Washington, DC. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 - Freezing temperatures were reported in the Northern and Central Appalachians, and the Upper Ohio Valley. The morning low of 27 degrees at Concord NH tied their record for the date. Temperatures soared into the 90s in South Dakota. Pierre SD reported an afternoon high of 98 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) 1988 - Unseasonably warm weather prevailed across Florida. Afternoon highs of 92 degrees at Apalachicola and 95 degrees at Fort Myers were records for the date. (The National Weather Summary) 1989 - Rain spread from the southeastern states across New England overnight. Cape Hatteras NC reported measurable rainfall for the fourteenth straight day, with 15.51 inches of rain recorded during that two week period. Phoenix AZ reported a record high of 108 degrees, and a record 134 days of 100 degree weather for the year. Afternoon temperatures were only in the 40s over parts of northwest Wisconsin and Upper Michigan. (The National Weather Summary) 1998: Record warm weather across the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley fueled a severe weather outbreak as a cold front arrived during the late afternoon. A severe thunderstorm produced softball-sized hail in Clare County which smashed skylights, dented automobiles, and damaged roofs and antennas. Damage was estimated at up to half a million dollars. Record highs for the date included: Toledo, OH: 92°, Columbus, OH: 92°, Detroit, MI: 91°, Cleveland, OH: 91°, South Bend, IN: 91°-Tied, Flint, MI: 90°, Chicago, IL: 90°, Grand Rapids, MI: 89°, Lansing, MI: 89°, Jackson, KY: 87° and Mansfield, OH: 87°-Tied. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1998: There were four hurricanes were spinning simultaneously in the Atlantic basin: Georges, Ivan, Jeanne, and Karl. That was the first time this had happened since 1893. 2004 - After making its infamous loop east of the Bahamas, Hurricane Jeanne made landfall the night of September 26th, 2004. Jeanne came ashore as a major category 3 hurricane just a few miles away from where Hurricane Frances made landfall a few weeks before. Jeanne produced extensive damage along the east central Florida coast from Volusia County south to Martin County. The highest wind gusts occurred over extreme Southern Brevard County as well as Indian River County with 110 - 120 mph estimates at the peak of the storm. (NWS, Melbourne, FL)

57 / 54 in the storm 0.63 in the bucket and still some steady rain. 36 more hours of this mess with a total of 2 - 4 inches. Clearing out Tuesday pm and war start to the october with upper 70s and low 80s in the warmest spots Wed - Fri and warmer through 10/5 overall. Beyond there near normal overall back and forth.

Wall of rain offshore

Spinning wheel

Some pokes of sun here , mostly sunny just west / north

Coastal deluge on the ne coast otherwise most rain is west and / nations middle

Records: Highs: EWR: 91 (1970) NYC: 90 (1970) LGA: 90 (2010) JFK: 87 (2010) Lows: EWR: 39 (1950) NYC: 40 (1887) LGA: 42 (1950) JFK: 45 (1989) Historical: 1848 - The Great Gale of 1848 was the most severe hurricane to affect Tampa Bay, Florida and is one of two major hurricanes to make landfall in the area. This storm produced the highest storm tide ever experienced in Tampa Bay when the water rose 15 feet in six to eight hours. 1848: The Tampa, FL area was hit by a major hurricane. The pressure plunged to 28.18 inches of mercury and the storm surge reached 15 feet. The army post in the area was wiped out. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1926: The coldest temperature ever recorded in Scottsbluff, NE for the month of September occurred on this with a low of 14°, while Chadron, NE recorded their lowest September temperature with 15°. Western Yellowstone, MT recorded -9 °F which was then the lowest temperature reading in the 48 states for September. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1929: Willmar, MN experiences a deluge that dropped 5.22 inches of rain in 24 hours. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1939 - A west coast hurricane moved onshore south of Los Angeles bringing unprecedented rains along the southern coast of California. Nearly five and a half inches of rain drenched Los Angeles during a 24 hour period. The hurricane caused two million dollars damage, mostly to structures along the coast and to crops, and claimed 45 lives at sea. ""El Cordonazo"" produced 5.66 inches of rain at Los Angeles and 11.6 inches of rain at Mount Wilson, both records for the month of September. (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) 1942: The earliest first trace of snow in Chicago occurred on this date in 1942 and 1928. First snow of the season Average; October 30 Earliest; September 25 (1928 and 1942) Latest; December 5, 1999 First measurable snow (.1 inches or more) of the season Average; November 16 Earliest; October 12, 2006 Latest; December 16, 1965 Snow Trivia for Chicago - NWS 1953: The center of Hurricane Florence hit the northwest Florida coast between Valparaiso and Panama City near midday with wind maximum sustained winds near 80 mph with gusts to 90 mph and heavy rainfall. The Pensacola Weather Bureau Office reported winds of up to 75 mph early the next morning. The storm passed inland over a sparsely settled area of Florida and this probably accounts for the rather small amount of damage. In Franklin and Okaloosa Counties the Red Cross estimated that 273 homes were destroyed, 145 other buildings damaged, and three destroyed. A fishing trawler, the "Miss Tampa" was reported missing in the storm's wake. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1962: The remnants of Tropical Storm Claudia of 1962 dumped up to 7 inches of rain in the desert west of Tucson, AZ, causing severe flooding. By the year 2010 there had already been six storms by the name of Claudia. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1975: On September 25 and 26 Elloise gave Hayfield secondary School 5.58 inches rain that closed Fairfax County schools September 26th 1975. The remnants of Hurricane Eloise combined with a cold front and produced very heavy rainfall in the Mid-Atlantic. Washington, DC reported 9.08" of rainfall. Total damage for Virginia was estimated to be $17.2 million. (Ref. Washington Weather Records - KDCA) 1976: Up to 3 inches of rain fell on Tucson, Arizona. About a dozen cars, some occupied, were swept down the washes, resulting in one death. Two boys were carried down the Rillito River for a mile before they could reach ground after their car was swept away. Talk about lucky! (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1984: Sheridan, WY recorded their coldest September temperature on record when they fell to 6°. 21 inches of snow fell at Sheridan between the 23rd and the 27th. This made it their snowiest September on record. Other record lows included: Cheyenne, WY: 17°, Casper, WY: 20° and Rapid City, SD: 24°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 - Hurricane Emily crossed the island of Bermuda during the early morning. Emily, moving northeast at 45 mph, produced wind gusts to 115 mph at Kindley Field. The thirty-five million dollars damage inflicted by Emily made it the worst hurricane to strike Bermuda since 1948. Parts of Michigan and Wisconsin experienced their first freeze of the autumn. Snow and sleet were reported in the Sheffield and Sutton areas of northeastern Vermont at midday. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 - Low pressure off the Northern Pacific Coast brought rain and gale force winds to the coast of Washington State. Fair weather prevailed across most of the rest of the nation. (The National Weather Summary) 1989 - Twenty-three cities in the south central U.S. reported record low temperatures for the date, including Topeka KS with a reading of 33 degrees, and Binghamton NY with a low of 25 degrees. Showers and thunderstorms in the southeastern U.S. drenched Atlanta GA with 4.87 inches of rain, their sixth highest total of record for any given day. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1993: In both human and economic terms the Great Flood of 1993 was the most devastating in modern U.S. history. It was a catastrophe across portions of 9 states with losses estimated up to $20 billion dollars. Over 50,000 homes were damaged or destroyed forcing the evacuation of some 54,000 people. In all the floods took 50 lives. Water level records were set at 49 places on the Missouri River system and at 43 places on the upper Mississippi River system. The flood was notable for its duration as well as its size. Flooding began in March with record floods beginning in May and continued into September. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1994: Hail to 1 inch diameter was pounding Hebron, NE. A man ventured out into the storm to release a dog tied to a tree. Lightning killed the man and injured a woman at the scene. The dog was unhurt. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 1996: An early season snowstorm brought the season’s first snow to the Front Range eastern foothills in northern Colorado. Heavy snowfall totals included: 8 to 12 inches near Conifer, 7 inches at Floyd Hill, 6 inches at Bailey & Chief Hosa and 4.7 inches at Denver. Heavy rain fell in the Blackwell area of north-central Oklahoma beginning the previous day through this date, causing many roads to be closed. National Weather Service radar estimated that more than three inches of rain fell in less than 90 minutes in central Kay County, late in the evening. The two day rainfall in Blackwell totaled 9 inches. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1998: By the 5 PM ET advisory, 4 hurricanes were spinning simultaneously in the Atlantic basin: Georges, Ivan, Jeanne, and Karl. That was the first time this had happened since 1893. After moving along the north coast of Cuba the previous day, Georges crossed the Florida Keys, heading into the Gulf of Mexico. The storm had re-intensified with winds of 105 mph when it made landfall near Key West, FL midday. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1998 - Four hurricanes were spinning simultaneously in the Atlantic basin: Georges, Ivan, Jeanne, and Karl. That was the first time this had happened since 1893. 2004: Jeanne after performing a complete loop over the open Atlantic, it headed westwards, strengthening into a Category 3 hurricane. Jeanne passed over the islands of Great Abaco and Grand Bahama in the Bahamas on September 25. Jeanne made landfall later in the day of the 25th in Florida just 2 miles (3 kilometers) from where Frances had struck 3 weeks earlier. Building on the rainfall of Frances and Ivan, Jeanne brought near-record flood levels as far north as West Virginia and New Jersey before its remnants turned east into the open Atlantic. Jeanne is blamed for at least 3,006 deaths in Haiti with about 2,800 in Gonaïves alone, which was nearly washed away by floods and mudslides. The storm also caused 7 deaths in Puerto Rico, 18 in the Dominican Republic and at least 4 in Florida, bringing the total number of deaths to at least 3,025. Final property damage in the United States was $6.8 billion, making this the 13th costliest hurricane in U.S. history. Hurricane Jeanne's Track - Weather Underground (Ref. More on Hurricane Jeanne)

60 / 43 into the muck and awaiting a long duration cut off / ULL and subsequent costal storm. Rain 1-3 maybe 4-5 inches in some areas. Clears out by later Monday. Overall much warmer 9/29 - 10/5 some late season 80s Wed-Fri. beyond there near normal 10/6 - beyond.

Wonder if there is a NNE flow

Records: Highs: EWR: 92 (2017) NYC: 91 (2017) LGA: 91 (2017) JFK 92 (2017) Lows: EWR: 40 (1950) NYC: 40 (1963) LGA; 44 (1974) JFK: 40 (1963) Historical: 1869: Heavy rain dumps nearly 10 inches on the White Earth Reservation, MN. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1888: The earliest frost of record hit the southern states, covering South Carolina, Georgia and, northern Florida. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1926 - The temperature at Yellowstone Park dipped to nine degrees below zero. It was the coldest reading of record in the U.S. during September. Severe freezes were widespread over the northwestern U.S. causing great crop destruction. In Washington State, Spokane County experienced their earliest snow of record. Harney Branch Experiment Station in Oregon reported a temperature of 2 degrees above zero to establish a state record for the month of September. (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) 1926: The temperature at Yellowstone Park drops to 9 degrees below zero, making it the coldest September reading ever recorded in the US. 1939: A thunderstorm on this day dropped 6.45 inches in six hours at Indio, CA. This rainfall preceded “El Cordonazo” or “The Lash of St. Francis”, an actual tropical storm. For the entire storm, which started on this day and ended on the 26th, four inches of rain fell across the deserts and mountains as a dying tropical cyclone moved across Baja California into southwestern Arizona. This storm was the second tropical cyclone to impact California during this month. A strong El Niño may have contributed to the activity. The tropical storm produced 50 mph winds over the ocean and estimated seas of 40 feet. September rain records were set in Los Angeles with 5.66 inches and 11.6 inches at Mt. Wilson. 45 people died from sinking boats, and harbors were damaged. Total damage was estimated at $2 million. Californians were unprepared and were alerted to their vulnerability to tropical storms. In response, the weather bureau established a forecast office for Southern California, which began operations in February of 1940. 1950 - A smoke pall from western Canada forest fires covered much of the eastern U.S. Daylight was reduced to nighttime darkness in parts of the Northeast. The color of the sun varied from pink to purple, blue, or lavendar. Yellow to grey-tan was common. (24th-30th) (The Weather Channel) 1956: Hurricane Flossy made landfall near Destin, Florida as a Category 1 storm. 1972 - Lightning struck a man near Waldport, OR, a young man who it so happens was carrying thirty-five pieces of dynamite. (The Weather Channel) 1975: Remnants of Hurricane Eloise merge with a frontal system over Northeast, resulting in tremendous flooding. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1984: Behind a strong cold front, Bismarck, ND had a record early season snowfall of 5 inches, their heaviest September snowfall. Along with the snow came record cold temperatures across parts of the northern Rockies. Billings, MT recorded their coldest September temperature of 22° followed by an afternoon high of just 31°. Other daily record lows included: Sheridan, WY: 13° and Casper, WY: 22°. Ahead of the front, along with dramatically warmer temperatures, by as much as 40 degrees plus, upper level dynamics were in place for severe weather. Crawford and Vernon Counties in Wisconsin reported baseball sized hail and 3 inch diameter hail was reported in La Crosse County, Wisconsin with this same cluster of storms. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1986: An F2 tornado, unusually strong for one in California, touched down just southeast of Vina on this day and traveled two miles through an agricultural area. A mobile home was destroyed, injuring a 22-year-old occupant. Eleven other buildings were damaged or demolished, and 50 acres of walnut orchards were flattened. 1987 - The first full day of autumn proved to be a pleasant one for much of the nation, with sunny skies and mild temperatures. Thunderstorms again formed over Florida and the southwestern deserts, and also formed along a cold front in the northeastern U.S. A storm spotter at Earp CA sighted a couple of funnel clouds, one on the California side of the state line, and the other on the Arizona side. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 - Thunderstorms developing along a stationary front produced large hail and damaging winds in the southeastern U.S., with reports of severe weather most numerous in North Carolina. Golf ball size hail was reported at Tick Creek and a number of other locations in North Carolina. (National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 - Forty-seven cities between the Rockies and the Appalachians reported record low temperatures for the date. Lows of 38 degrees at Abilene TX, 34 degrees at Jackson KY, and 36 degrees at Midland TX established records for the month of September. The low of 36 degrees at Midland smashed their previous record for the date by thirteen degrees. Fayetteville AR and Springfield MO reported their earliest freeze of record. Thunderstorms produced torrential rains in northeastern Florida. Jacksonville was deluged with 11.40 inches of rain, and flash flooding resulted in two deaths. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 2001: A weak, F0 tornado passed in the sight of the Washington Monument. Soon after, an F3 tornado struck College Park, Maryland. 2001: It was just 13 days after the 9/11 terrorist attack when the Emergency Action Notification System sounded in Washington, DC. Many people immediately thought the alert was for another attack, but it was actually for a tornado warning. The dramatic severe weather statement from the National Weather Service at Sterling, VA was that a tornado had been sighted near the Pentagon. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2005 - Early in the morning, major Hurricane Rita came ashore near the Texas/Louisiana border 2005: Early on the morning of September 24, 2005, Major Hurricane Rita came ashore near the Texas/Louisiana border.

61 / 48 Northern Cal like marine flow feel NNE. Upper 60s to low 70s today and then Friday the warmest day of the next 5 as we deal with the cut off ULL and coastal Fri night - Monday. Beyond there overall warmer 9/29 - 10/5. We'll see if the trough digs back after then or moderates to near normal by the 7th. .

Records: Highs: EWR: 94 (1970) NYC: 97 (1895) LGA: 93 (1970) JFK: 90 (1970) Lows: EWR: 40 (1947) NYC: 41 (1947) LGA: 42 (1947) JFK: 43 (1963) Historical: 1722: La Nouvelle-Orléans (New Orleans) was founded May 7, 1718, by the French Mississippi Company, under the direction of Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville, on land inhabited by the Chitimacha. Four years later, a hurricane destroys nearly every building in the village, including the only church and hospital. 1785: The "most tremendous gale of wind known in this country" passed over the Lower Chesapeake Bay and went along a track very similar to the Chesapeake-Potomac Hurricane of 1933. At Norfolk, lower stories of dwellings were flooded. Warehouses were totally carried away by the storm surge, causing large amounts of salt, sugar, corn, and lumber to disappear. A large number of cattle drowned, and people hung onto trees for dear life during the tempest. At Portsmouth, the entire town was submerged. Forrest's book, Sketches of Norfolk, offers this account of the storm: " This year, 1785, was noted for the highest tide ever before known to Norfolk, completely deluging a large portion of its site on the water side". Almost all ships in the area were driven from their moorings near Norfolk. No less than 30 vessels were seen beached after the storm. Damages totaled £30,000. At least two died due to shipping disasters. After ravaging Virginia, the system tracked up the coast to Boston. (Ref. Hurricane of 1785) 1815 - One of the greatest hurricanes to strike New England made landfall at Long Island and crossed Massachusetts and New Hampshire. It was the worst tempest in nearly two hundred years, equal to the hurricane which struck in 1938, and one of a series of severe summer and autumn storms to affect shipping lanes that year. (David Ludlum) 1903: Bakersfield, CA dropped to 31°, their earliest below freezing temperature. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1904 - The temperature at Charlotteburg, NJ, dipped to 23 degrees, the coldest reading of record for so early in the autumn for the state. (The Weather Channel) 1937: From summer to winter. The temperature was 101 at Wheaton. Then a cold front came through causing the mercury to tumble below freezing. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1975: On September 22, Hurricane Eloise intensified to attain Category 2 strength, and became a major hurricane of Category 3 status shortly after that as it turned towards the northeast. Several ships penetrated the storm's center during its passage through the Gulf. Hurricane Eloise continued to strengthen until it reached its peak winds of 125 mph and a minimum barometric pressure of about 955 mbar. It moved ashore along the Florida Panhandle near Panama City on September 23. 1983 - A thunderstorm downburst caused a timber blowdown in the Kaibab National Forest north of the Grand Canyon. Two hundred acres were completely destroyed, and scattered destruction occurred across another 3300 acres. Many trees were snapped off 15 to 30 feet above ground level. (The Weather Channel) 1984: An early season snowstorm brought more than a foot of snow to some locations in the northern Plains and Rockies. Amounts of 6 to 12 inches were common over Harding and Perkins Counties as well as portions of Meade and Butte Counties in South Dakota. Camp Crook in Harding County reported 14 inches. Roads in these areas were covered with snow and slush and became icy. It was the snowiest September day on record at Sheridan, WY and Billings, MT with 12.9 inches and 6.2 inches respectively. Other snowfall totals included: Broadus, MT: 12 inches, Columbus, MT: 10 inches, Nye, MT: 10 inches, Clearmont, MT: 10 inches, Hysham, MT: 8 inches, Red Lodge, MT: 7 inches. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1985: Early snow over portions of Minnesota and western Wisconsin. Just under a half inch (.4) recorded at the Twin City Airport. Most of it fell during the afternoon. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1987 - Autumn began on a rather pleasant note for much of the nation. Showers and thunderstorms were confined to Florida and the southwestern deserts. Warm weather continued in the western U.S., and began to spread into the Great Plains Region, but even in the southwestern deserts readings remained below 100 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) 1988 - Thunderstorms developing along a cold front in the south central U.S. produced severe weather in Oklahoma during the afternoon and early evening hours. Thunderstorms produced softball size hail near Noble and Enterprise, and baseball size hail at Lequire and Kinta. A tornado near Noble OK destroyed a mobile home injuring one person. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 - Seventeen cities in the north central U.S. reported record low temperatures for the date, including Devils Lake ND with a reading of 22 degrees. Jackson KY reported a record low of 41 degrees during the late afternoon. Strong northwesterly winds ushering cold air into the central and northeastern U.S. gusted to 55 mph at Indianapolis IND. Winds along the cold front gusted to 65 mph at Norfolk VA, and thunderstorms along the cold front deluged Roseland NJ with 2.25 inches of rain in one hour. The temperature at Richmond VA plunged from 84 degrees to 54 degrees in two hours. Snow and sleet was reported at Binghamton NY. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1995: Fort Wayne, IN reported its earliest frost on record as the morning low plunged to 29°. Springfield, IL recorded their earliest 32 temperature on record. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1996: A lightning strike from a severe thunderstorm damaged or destroyed 19 boats at Hobbs Hollow Marina on Table Rock Lake near the town of Viola, MO. Damage was estimated at $500,000 dollars. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1998: In a remarkable span of 35 days from August 19th until September 23rd, 10 named tropical cyclones formed in the Atlantic; 4 of which made landfall in the United States. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2000 : The first snowstorm of the season brought heavy snow to parts of the Rockies. While the heaviest snow fell north of Denver, CO, 6 inches was reported at Boulder, 4 inches at Castle Rock and Morrison, CO. Denver, CO received just 0.2 inch as most of the precipitation fell as a cold rain. The foothills west of Denver received 5 to 10 inches. Further north, Cheyenne, WY received an additional 6.4 inches of snow bringing the storm total to 11.8 inches. Scottsbluff, NE received 5.7 inches of snow over two days. Behind the storm, Shirley Basin, WY dropped to 2°. The Dallas/Fort Worth Airport in Texas recorded 0.01 inches of rain just before midnight on this date. This ended the longest streak of consecutive days without rainfall at the site of 84 days. The previous record was 58 days. Relief would finally arrive in October as beneficial rainfall fell. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2005 - Hurricane Rita reached the Texas/Louisiana border area near Sabine Pass as a category-3 hurricane with maximum sustained winds near 120 mph. A storm surge of at least 15 feet flooded parts of Cameron, Jefferson Davis, Terrebonne and Vermilion parishes, where sugar cane crop losses were estimated near $300 million. An 8-foot storm surge in New Orleans overtopped the provisionally-repaired levees (from Hurricane Katrina damage) and caused additional flooding. A total of 10 fatalities were reported, and preliminary damage estimates ranged between $4-5 billion.

65 / 47 a break in the muck for the most part today and thursday for a 48 hour reprieve then deal with the cutoff / ULL and subsequent coastal storm ;ater Friday through Sunday timed unfortunately with the weekend. 1-3 inches of rain more east. Beyond there overall normal to warmer 9/30 - 10/6.

Records: Highs: EWR: 94 (1970) NYC: 95 (1914) LGA: 93 (1970) JFK: 91 (1980) Lows: EWR: 44 (1997) NYC: 41 (1904) LGA: 47 (1962) JFK: 41 (1962) Historical: 1890 - A severe hailstorm struck Strawberry, AZ. Fives days after the storm hail still lay in drifts 12 to 18 inches deep. (The Weather Channel) 1913 - Des Moines, IA, experienced their earliest freeze of record. (The Weather Channel) 1946: A trace of snow fell at Denver, CO. This marked the start of their longest snow season on record at 263 days through 6/11/1947 when a trace of snow fell. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1956: Hurricane Flossy nears the Texas Coast 1961 - Hurricane Esther made a near complete circle south of Cape Cod. The hurricane then passed over Cape Cod and hit Maine. Its energy was largely spent over the North Atlantic Ocean, however, heavy rains over Maine resulted in widespread local flooding of cellars, low roads, and underpasses. (David Ludlum) 1974: Canadian high pressure brought record chill from the upper Midwest to the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley. Temperatures dropped below freezing for three consecutive nights damaging crops in areas. In Illinois, frost killed almost all of the soybean crop and 40% of the corn crop north of I-80. Total statewide damage was estimated between $200 and $400 million dollars. Necedah and Mauston, WI recorded their coldest September temperatures on record with 18° and 20° respectively. Other daily record lows included: St. Cloud, MN: 18°, Grand Forks, ND: 20°, Fargo, ND: 23°, Duluth, MN: 23°, Sioux Falls, SD: 24°, Rochester, MN: 24°, Madison, WI: 25°, Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN: 26°, Waterloo, IA: 26°, Green Bay, WI: 27°, Ste. St. Marie, MI: 28°, Toledo, OH: 29°, Detroit, MI: 30°, Dubuque, IA: 31°, Rockford, IL: 31°, La Crosse, WI: 32°, Milwaukee, WI: 32° °F. (Ref. Additional Temperatures Listed On This Link) 1975: Hurricane Eloise made landfall in the Florida panhandle with maximum sustained winds of 125 mph and a minimum central pressure of 955 millibars or 28.20 inches of mercury. Panama City, FL reported a gust of 155 mph. Storm surge of 6 to 12 feet extended eastward to Port St. Joe, and tides 2 to 3 feet above normal were observed as far south as Tampa and Naples. The highest reported rainfall was 14.90 inches at Eglin AFB. Rainfall elsewhere to the west of the Apalachicola River ranged from 4 to 8 inches. Damage in northwest Florida was estimated at $150 million. About 20,000 people were evacuated in advance. Two weak tornadoes and several waterspouts were reported in the Panhandle. As the storm moved north, high winds and heavy rains led to power outages, damage and flooding. Parts of Alabama were without electricity for two weeks. The remnants moved through the Mid-Atlantic bringing flooding rains of 3 to 10 inches. Two miles south-southeast of Westminster, MD picked up 14.23 inches. The highest rainfall was a week before when Eloise passed north of Puerto Rico. Dos Bocas received 33.29 inches. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1983 - Forty-one cities reported record cold temperatures during the morning. Houston, TX, hit 50 degrees, and Williston ND plunged to 19 degrees. (The Weather Channel) 1987 - Hurricane Emily, the first hurricane to roam the Carribean in nearly six years, made landfall over the Dominican Republic late in the day, packing 125 mph winds. Emily killed three persons and caused thirty million dollars damage. A record high of 92 degrees at Miami FL was their fifth in a row. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1988 - An early morning thunderstorm produced baseball size hail at Plainview, in Hale County TX. Late in the evening more thunderstorms in the Southern High Plains Region produced wind gusts to 75 mph at Plainview TX and Crosby TX. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1989 - Hurricane Hugo quickly lost strength over South Carolina, but still was a tropical storm as it crossed into North Carolina, just west of Charlotte, at about 7 AM. Winds around Charlotte reached 69 mph, with gusts to 99 mph. Eighty percent of the power was knocked out to Charlotte and Mecklenburg County. Property damage in North Carolina was 210 million dollars, and damage to crops was 97 million dollars. The strongest storm surge occurred along the southern coast shortly after midnight, reaching nine feet above sea level at ocean Isle and Sunset Beach. Hugo killed one person and injured fifteen others in North Carolina. Strong northwesterly winds ushered unseasonably cold air into the north central U.S., in time for the official start of autumn, at 8" 20 PM (CDT). Squalls produced light snow in northern Wisconsin. Winds in Wisconsin gusted to 52 mph at Rhinelander. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1994: A nor’easter wreaked havoc on coastal MD. 50-mph winds (gusts to 79 mph) destroyed 100’s of tents/vending areas at the end-of-summer Sunfest in Ocean City. Windblown fires burned several shops along the boardwalk; 9 foot waves flooded other areas. Damage up to $5 million. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 1995: A strong cold front pushed across the Midwest, bringing with it one of the earliest freezes on record. In Iowa, temperatures dipped to as low as 24° over the northwest and sub-freezing temperatures lasted nearly eight hours. Crop maturation was behind schedule so this freeze caused significant damage, with soybeans the hardest hit. About $195 million dollars worth of soybeans were lost. Drought had already taken its toll on the corn crop so the freeze did not aversely affect the corn too much. Chicago, IL experienced their earliest freeze on record as the mercury dipped to 32°. The low of 29° tied the record low for the month of September at Dodge City, KS. Further north, Jump River and Cashton, WI head their earliest measurable snowfall on record with 1.5 inches and 0.5 of an inch respectively. Other daily record lows included: Rapid City, SD: 19°, Bismarck, ND: 20°, Aberdeen, SD: 20°, Valentine, NE: 23°, Fargo, ND: 23°-Tied, Huron, SD: 24°, North Platte, NE: 24°, Scottsbluff, NE: 24°, Grand Island, NE: 25°, Sioux City, IA: 25°, Norfolk, NE: 26°, Lincoln, NE: 27°, Concordia, KS: 29°, Goodland, KS: 30°-Tied, Omaha, NE: 31°, Topeka, KS: 31°, Des Moines, IA: 31°, Kansas City, MO: 31 °F. (Ref. Additional Temperatures Listed On This Link) 1998: Hurricane Georges moved across Hispaniola killing over 580 people, mainly due to flash flooding and subsequent mud slides in high terrain regions. Damage estimates from the storm exceeded $1 billion dollars. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2005 - For the first time in the historical record, two hurricanes reached category-5 intensity in the Gulf of Mexico in a single season as Hurricane Rita intensified before making landfall (Katrina and Rita). 2006 - The tristate area of Missouri, Illinois, and Kentucky was struck by the worst tornado outbreak in the recorded history during the month of September. One supercell produced a long-track F4 tornado across southeastern Missouri into southwestern Illinois. This tornado traveled 27.5 miles.

61 / 53 after a nice break yesterday but back to the muck clouds / mist. Perhaps a pleasant break Wed-Fri AM with some breaks in the clouds before we watch the trough cut off and subsequent ULL spin a storm that gets stuck later Fri - Monday. Beyond there overall near to above normal 9/29 into the first week of Oct.

Records: Highs: EWR: 90 (1940) NYC: 95 (1895) LGA: 89 (1940) JFK: 85 (2016) Lows: EWR: 39 (1956) NYC: 40 (1871) LGA" 43 (1956) JFK: 42 (1962) Historical: 1894 - A heavy chicken house, sixteen by sixteen feet in area, was picked up by a tornado and wedged between two trees. The hens were found the next day sitting on their eggs in the chicken house, with no windows broken, as though nothing had happened. (The Weather Channel) 1894: A late season severe weather outbreak occurred across northwest Iowa, south central Minnesota and southwestern Wisconsin during the late evening hours. Several communities were impacted by this outbreak with an estimated 55 to 65 deaths, and in additional 300 injuries. The strongest tornado was an estimated F5, which tore through the counties of Kossuth, Hancock, Winnebago in Iowa, and Faribault in Minnesota. 1924 - A couple of tornadoes, one rated F4 and the other F5, tore paths of devastation through Eau Claire, Clark, and Taylor Counties in Wisconsin. The death toll was 18 and 50 people were injured. 1924: A couple of tornadoes, one rated F4 and the other F5, tore paths of devastation through Eau Claire, Clark, and Taylor Counties in Wisconsin. The death toll was 18 and 50 people were injured. 1938 - A great hurricane smashed into Long Island and bisected New England causing a massive forest blowdown and widespread flooding. Winds gusted to 186 mph at Blue Hill MA, and a storm surge of nearly thirty feet caused extensive flooding along the coast of Rhode Island. The hurricane killed 600 persons and caused 500 million dollars damage. The hurricane, which lasted twelve days, destroyed 275 million trees. Hardest hit were Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island and Long Island NY. The ""Long Island Express"" produced gargantuan waves with its 150 mph winds, waves which smashed against the New England shore with such force that earthquake-recording machines on the Pacific coast clearly showed the shock of each wave. (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) 1938: On this day, one of the most destructive and powerful hurricanes in recorded history struck Long Island and Southern New England. This Category 3 Hurricane was traveling at 47 mph when it made landfall near Bellport, New York. This storm caused at least 600 deaths and left approximately 63,000 homeless. 1948: A hurricane struck near Everglades City, then moved northeast through Florida to emerge into the Atlantic near Jupiter. The lowest barometric pressure was 963 millibars or 28.44 inches of mercury, and top winds were 122 mph. Three people were killed. A tornado, spawned by this hurricane, unroofed a small farmhouse and destroyed another near Homestead. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1950: A severe hailstorm hit Logansport, IN and created the worst destruction seen there up to that time. The hail two inches in diameter caused a million dollars in damage. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1954 - The temperature at Deeth, NV, soared from a morning low of 12 degrees to a high of 87 degrees, a record daily warm-up for the state. (The Weather Channel) 1962: Zipper fasteners on a schoolboy’s jacket and trousers were fused by a lightning strike in McCammon, ID. He did suffer severe burns. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 1969: Heavy rain in southwest Oklahoma through the 22nd, caused extensive flooding and damage to pasture and crop land. About 1,500 cattle were trapped by the high water, and many of them drowned. More than 10 bridges were washed out, and fences were removed by the floodwaters. Official rainfall measurements exceeded six inches in some locations, and an unofficial report of 11 inches in 11 hours was received from Hollister. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 - Tropical Storm Emily, which formed in the Carribean the previous afternoon, caused considerable damage to the banana industry of Saint Vincent in the Windward Islands. Unseasonably hot weather continued in Florida and the western U.S. Redding CA and Red Bluff CA, with record highs of 108 degrees, tied for honors as the hot spot in the nation. (The National Weather Summary) 1988 - Thunderstorms produced high winds and locally heavy rain in the southwestern U.S. One thunderstorm in west Texas produced wind gusts to 86 mph at Dell City completely destroying an airport hangar. A Cessna 150 aircraft housed within the hangar was flipped over and snapped in two. Thunderstorms produced large hail in east central Utah, while snow blanketed some of the higher elevations of the state. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 - Hurricane Hugo slammed into the South Carolina coast about 11 PM, making landfall near Sullivans Island. Hurricane Hugo was directly responsible for thirteen deaths, and indirectly responsible for twenty-two others. A total of 420 persons were injured in the hurricane, and damage was estimated at eight billion dollars, including two billion dollars damage to crops. Sustained winds reached 85 mph at Folly Beach SC, with wind gusts as high was 138 mph. Wind gusts reached 98 mph at Charleston, and 109 mph at Shaw AFB. The biggest storm surge occurred in the McClellanville and Bulls Bay area of Charleston County, with a storm surge of 20.2 feet reported at Seewee Bay. Shrimp boats were found one half mile inland at McClellanville. (National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1995: The earliest snow on record fell across southwest Kansas with most areas reporting 2 to 3 inches with isolated amounts up to 6 inches. This was the earliest snowfall ever recorded at the Dodge City Airport. This was also the only time there was measurable snowfall for the month of September. A total of 1.3 inches fell at the Dodge City Airport. Rochester, MN saw a trace of snow, their earliest such occurrence on record. Along with the snow, many areas reported record low temperatures. Miles City, MT fell to 19°, their coldest September temperature on record. Other daily record lows included: Valentine, MT: 11°, Chinook, MT: 13°, Chester, MT: 15°, Glasgow, MT: 15°-Tied, Boulder, MT: 16°, Havre, MT: 18°, Williston, ND: 18°, Bozeman, MT: 19°, Lewistown, MT: 19°, Livingston, MT: 19°, Helena, MT: 20°, Great Falls, MT: 20°, Cut Bank, MT: 20 °F. (Ref. Many Additional Temperatures Listed On This Link) 1998: Nine years after Hurricane Hugo struck Charleston, SC, the city was inundated with 10 inches of rainfall in less than 8 hours causing major flooding. A weakened Hurricane Georges swirled through the islands of the northeastern Caribbean with winds of 115 mph. The storm had earlier been a very strong category 4 hurricane. The eye of the hurricane passed within two miles of St. Croix and crossed the entire island of Puerto Rico from east to west. Winds were estimated at 115 mph and up to 20 inches of rain fell. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2002: The worst tornadoes to strike Indiana in 12 years raked an area from the southwestern corner of the state to Indianapolis. At least 5 tornadoes were confirmed by the National Weather Service. Excellent warnings resulted in very low numbers of injuries and no fatalities. Most communities had at least 20 minutes lead time before the twisters struck. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2005: Gulf of Mexico: After raking the Florida Keys on the 20th, Hurricane Rita strengthens into a Category Five storm on the Saffir-Simpson over the open waters of the Gulf of Mexico. By 11 PM EDT, the central pressure drops to 897 mb or 26.49 inches of mercury the third-lowest pressure on record in the Atlantic with maximum sustained winds of 175 mph. (Ref. WxDoctor)

67 / 56 mostly cloudy N/ENE flow pushing low level clouds back west while there is/was some clearing pushing west. Day 2 of a very unsettled period of mainly cloudy , onshore and potentially wet especially Fri - Sun with the cut off trough and cut off ULL spinning a storm 9/25 - 9/28. Beyond there overall warmer 9/39 -10/5.