SACRUS

Bright sunshine and to 22 here, what a difference when the winds calm ,almost shorts weather

Most of this or nearly all of this is from 2/15 into 2/16 Sun / Mon

Lets hope when the forecasted proverbial flood gates open 2/15-2/16 we can hold onto the cold for some duration.

Chill Ice box 2/7 EWR; 28 / 7 (-16) NYC: 27 / 6 (-17) LGA; 28 / 7 (-17) JFK: 28 / 6 (-16) 2/8: EWR: 19 / 5 (-22) NYC: 18 / 3 (-24) LGA: 20 / 5 (-22) JFK: 18 / 3 (-22)

Records: Highs: EWR: 63 (1990) NYC: 63 (1990) LGA: 62 (199)) JFK: 60 (1949) Lows: EWR: -14 (1934) coldest observed/recorded at EWR since 1930 NYC: -15 (1934) LGA: 7 (1979) JFK: 8 (1979) Historical: 1741: The greatest snowstorm of the hard winter season occurred producing 3 feet near Hartford, CT. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1870 - President Ulysses S. Grant signed a law "to provide for taking meteorological observations at the military stations in the interior of the continent." A petition submitted by Increase A Lapham to Congressman Halbert E Paine in December 1869 began this process. 1899: One of the most significant cold outbreaks to ever impact the United States occurred early to mid-February. From the 8th-11th, the statewide average temperature across Iowa was 14.6 degrees below zero, making it the coldest four-day stretch on record in the state. On the 8th, Sioux City experienced its coldest day on record, with a daily average temperature of 24 degrees below zero. Then on the 11th, they reached their second-coldest temperature on record with a low of minus 31. Overall the coldest readings were obtained on the morning of the 9th when reported low temperatures included -21 at Keokuk, -23 at Des Moines, -33 at New Hampton, -35 at Le Mars, -38 at Estherville, and -40 at Sibley. The cold across the middle of the country was so extreme and persistent that ice floes down the Mississippi River into the deep south, emerging into the Gulf of Mexico near New Orleans on February 17th. This has happened only one other time: February 13, 1784. The temperature dropped to 63 degrees below zero at Norway House, Manitoba, Canada setting the province's low-temperature record. 1933 - The temperature at Moran, WY, located next to Teton National Park, plunged to 63 degrees below zero to establish a state record. The temperature at the Riverside Ranger Station in Montana dipped to 66 below zero to establish a record for the state, and a record for the nation which stood until 1954. (David Ludlum) 1934 - The mercury dipped to 51 degrees below zero at Vanderbilt to establish a record for the state of Michigan. The temperature at Stillwater plunged to 52 degrees below zero to establish a record for the state of New York. (David Ludlum) 1960: The mercury soared to 102° in Rio Grande City, Texas. Just two days later, there was 10 inches of snow at Port Arthur. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1967: Atlantic City, NJ was hit by its 2nd major snowstorm in 3 days as they received 14 inches. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1969: A major winter storm pounded the Northeast. Bedford, MA recorded 25 inches of snow, 20 inches fell at New York City, NY and Portland, ME recorded 22 inches. Drifts would pile up to 20 feet in places. Known as the "Lindsay Storm" because of the political fallout that resulted for New York Mayor John Lindsay. Mayor John Lindsay ran into political misfortune after sections of New York City remained unplowed for a week after the storm. 800 cars were stranded on New York's Tappan-Zee Bridge. Damages totaled over $10 million dollars. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) Ref. (NWS Ranking for Storms between 1956 and 2011) This is the 32nd Worst Snowstorm 1977: Chicago, Illinois: The Windy City sees its longest recorded stretch of sub-freezing days end at 43. Seventeen days during the run had minimum temperatures below zero °F, the coldest being -19 °F. (Ref. WxDoctor) 1987 - A storm off the Atlantic coast produced high winds and heavy snow in the northeastern U.S., with blizzard conditions in eastern Massachusetts. Wind gusted to 80 mph and 23.4 inches of snow produced drifts eight feet high at Cape Cod MA. It was the worst blizzard in thirty years for the Cape Cod area. Winds in some of the mountains and ridges of the Appalachian Region gusted to 100 mph. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 - Arctic cold invaded the north central U.S. Alliance NE plunged from 44 degrees to 12 above in just two hours, and Mobridge SD reported a wind chill of 64 degrees below zero. Winds along the eastern slopes of the Rockies gusted to 90 mph at Cheyenne WY, and reached 96 mph at Boulder CO. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 - A winter storm continued to bring rain and snow to southern California. Snowfall totals ranged up to 18 inches at Olancha, with three inches at Palmdale. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1990 - Thunderstorms developing ahead of a cold front erupted over eastern Texas late in the morning, and produced severe weather as they swept across the southeastern states. Early evening thunderstorms spawned a tornado which injured one person at Nat TX, and produced tennis balls size hail which caused more than half a million dollars damage around Shreveport LA. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1994 - A devastating ice storm struck Mississippi, Louisiana, and extreme northwest Alabama. Freezing rain began falling over northern Mississippi during the early morning hours and continued until midday on the 10th. Ice accumulated 3 to 6 inches thick on exposed objects in the affected area. Due to the weight of the ice, power lines, trees, and tree limbs were down. Nearly one million people were without power after the storm, some for a month.

12 / -1 off a low of 4 here. Back near - to or above freezing for highs today , a tad warmer Tuesday and Wed many will breach 40 (last time was 1/22). Brief reinforcing shot of cold Thu/Fri but moderated. Weekend looking dry with the storm now focused on later Sunday - the 16th. Track key and most overnight forecasts had mainly a mix to rain but the QPF could be robust. Way beyond looks near normal.

00z keying in on 2/15-2/16 track key QPF robust ICON: GFS: GFS AI AIGFS GGEM

Todays; NYC: 18 EWR: 19

First sunrise before 7:00AM Sunrise: 6:59D AM / Sunset 5:23 PM Daylight : 10H:23M - gained about 1 hour 7 mins since the winter solstice (67 minutes)

Records: Highs: EWR: 65 (2017) NYC: 62 (2017) LGA: 62 (2017) JFK: 65 (2017) Lows: EWR: -7 (1934) NYC: -7 (1934) LGA: -2 (1963) JFK: -2 (1963) Historical: 1835 - A severe cold wave gripped the southeastern U.S. The mercury dipped to 8 above at Jacksonville FL, and to zero at Savannah GA. Orange trees were killed to the roots. (David Ludlum) 1895: The minimum temperature for the date is 0 °F in Washington, DC. (Ref. Washington Weather Records - KDCA) On this date through the 9th, a severe freeze hit parts of Florida. Some record low temperatures included: Tallahassee: 11°, Ocala: 16° and 19° at Orlando. This freeze followed the December 1894 freeze and due to intervening mild weather citrus trees were greatly damaged. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1899: Soon after the third storm had passed record cold moved in to DC from Canada and by the 11th Washington, DC set its all time record low temperature of -15 °F. (p. 53 Washington Weather Book 2002 by Ambrose, Henry, Weiss) The maximum temperature climbed to only -39°F in Roseau, Minnesota, the second-coldest maximum temperature ever recorded in the lower 48 states. (The coldest maximum temperature ever recorded in the lower 48 was -44°F in Glasgow, Montana, on January 12, 1916). Soon after the third storm had passed record cold moved in to Washington, DC from Canada and by the 11th Washington set their all time record low temperature of -15°. This marked the coldest day on record for Sioux City. On this day, the average temperature for Sioux City was only -24°. The low for this day was a frigid -27°, and the high was just -22°. Incidentally, these two temperatures hold the record low, and the record low-high for this date that stand to this day. Grand Meadow, MN set their all-time record February record low with -34°. (Extreme Weather p. 63, by Christopher C. Burt) (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1936 - The temperature at Denver CO plunged to a record 30 degrees below zero. (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) 1956: From February 1-8, heavy snow fell over the Panhandle of Texas. Snowfall amounts include 43 inches in Vega, 24 inches in Hereford, and 14 inches in Amarillo. The storm caused 23 deaths and numerous injuries. It snowed continuously for 92 hours in some locations. 1957: On the 7th through the 9th Ice storms occur in Hawaii? 3 inches of clear ice up to 8 inches on downwind sides (SSW) of poles) collected on surfaces at the top of Mt. Haleakala, Maui (elevation approximately 10,000 feet). 3 miles of power lines toppled. Wind gusts to 100 mph; coldest temperatures approximately 24 degrees. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 1968: The highest 1-day snow at the Savannah Airport in South Carolina occurs on this date when 3.6 inches of snow fell. 1979: On this date through the 18th, the temperature dropped to -40° and winds in excess of 60 mph caused blowing and drifting snow at Iqaluit, Northwest Territories Canada, as blizzard conditions forced residents to stay indoors for 10 days. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1985 - Blue Canyon, CA, set a 24-hour February snowfall record by receiving 42 inches of snow from February 7th-8th. 1987 - A powerful storm produced blizzard conditions in the Great Lakes Region. Winds gusted to 86 mph at Janesville WI and Cleveland OH received 12 inches of snow. North winds of 50 to 70 mph raised the water level of southern Lake Michigan two feet, and produced waves 12 to 18 feet high, causing seven million dollars damage along the Chicago area shoreline. It was the most damage caused by shoreline flooding and erosion in the history of the city of Chicago. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 - Arctic air invaded the north central U.S. Hibbing MN reported a morning low of 30 degrees below zero. (The National Weather Summary) 1989 - A winter storm over California produced snow from the beaches of Malibu to the desert canyons around Palm Springs, and the snow created mammoth traffic jams in the Los Angeles Basin. Sixteen cities in the western U.S. reported record low temperatures for the date. Marysville CA reported an all-time record low reading of 21 degrees above zero. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989: Mammoth traffic jams in the Los Angeles area as freak snow struck California. The snow was reported from the beaches of Malibu to the desert around Palm Springs. 1990 - Unseasonably mild weather prevailed across the south central and eastern U.S. Twenty-two cities, including five in Michigan, reported record high temperatures for the date. The afternoon high of 53 degrees at Flint MI surpassed their previous record by ten degrees, and the high of 66 degrees at Burlington IA exceeded their old record by eight degrees. (The National Weather Summary) 1994: Ice Storm February 1994 the back to back ice storms struck on February 8 to 9 and again February 10 to 11 leaving a coat of ice, one to three inches thick, across much of the area. Areas west of Frederick County, MD saw anywhere from five to nine inches of sleet accumulate. Toward the end of the storm, this area saw light freezing rain solidify the sleet on the ground and but a glaze across trees and wires. There were scattered outages and at least 75 ice-related injuries that were treated at area hospitals. Across central and northern Maryland, Northern Virginia, the Shenandoah Valley, and the central Piedmont of Virginia, about 4 to 7 inches of sleet fell. Again in this area, light freezing rain toward the end of the storm, which solidified the ice and coated everything. It was enough to do about $5 million in damages across this region. The hardest hit area was Southern Maryland, Annapolis, and the Eastern Shore and southwest across Fredericksburg and the Northern Neck area and down toward Lynchburg and Danville in Virginia. Here, the combination of the two storms left 3 to 5 inches of ice on surfaces. It was too much for trees and wires. Some counties lost 10 percent of their trees. Fallen trees made roads impassable. Some trees fell on cars and houses. Electric and phone lines were down with as much as 90 percent of the area's people without power. Even with help from out-of-state utility companies, many people were without power for a week. A presidential disaster declaration was given for the counties affected in a 40 to 50 mile wide band all the way from Delaware southwest to Tennessee. Damages were estimated at near 100 million dollars for the Virginia-Maryland area. There were hundreds of injuries from automobile accidents and people falling on ice. It was likely the iciest winter the Baltimore-Washington area has ever seen. 1994 Scroll Down to Number 8 The Ice Storm in the Web Site List (Ref. Wilson Wx. Additional Information) 2002: A fast moving cold front brought high winds and snow to the mountains around Salt Lake City, UT as the 2002 Olympic Winter Games were getting underway. Wind gusts of up to 71 mph caused problems for Ski Jumping, and the competition had to be postponed. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2009 - Snow falls at levels above elevations of 11,000 feet on the Big Island's Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea in Hawaii. The Weather Doctor 2013 - A nor'easter produced heavy snowfall over the New England states. In Boston, Massachusetts, total snowfall reached 24.9 inches, the fifth-highest total ever recorded in the city. New York City officially recorded 11.4 inches of snow at Central Park, and Portland, Maine, set a record of 31.9 inches. Hamden, Connecticut, recorded the highest snowfall of the storm at 40 inches.

6 / -10 off a low of 1. Highs in teens. Moderation 2/9 and perhaps some spots get to or exceed 40 Tue and/or Wed - (1/22 was the last time). Week looks dry. 2/8 - 2/9 : Ice box -15 or more below avg 2/10 - 2/15: Moderation to near avg (dry) 2/15 - 2/17 : Possible mix- rain 2/18 - Beyond riding near avg to slightly above overall - next storm risk 2/19-2/20 period

Early morning max highs EWR: 27 NYC: 27

Dropping - down to 11 now

Records: Highs: EWR: 60 (2020) NYC: 56 (2020) LGA: 58 (2020) JFK: 54 (2020) Lows: EWR: 5 (1993) NYC: 1 (1910) LGA: 5 (1993) JFK: 7 (1993) Historical: 1780: Unprecedented cold wave occurred in the winter of 1779-1780. All waterways in the Mid-Atlantic area including the Potomac River and most of the Chesapeake Bay. The cold weather set in during December of 1779 and area rivers were frozen by Christmas. The cold weather continued through the month of January and lasted until the first week in February. To the south Norfolk, Hampton, Newport News and Portsmouth were connected by thick ice that supported foot traffic between the ports. The James River could be crossed on ice near Williamsburg. Even further south, the Albemarle Sound was frozen thick enough to allow American soldiers to cross on foot. Thomas Jefferson noted that never before had the Tidewater frozen to such a large extent. On the beaches of the Delmarva, ice mounds piled up to a height of 20 feet as a result of breaking waves and frozen spray freezing on the beach. The ice mounds did not melt until spring. (p.30 Washington Weather Book 2002 by Ambrose, Henry, Weiss) 1835: On this date through the morning of the 10th, the earliest well-documented severe freeze occurred across northern Florida. Tallahassee dropped to 4° and Jacksonville & Pensacola fell to 8°. The edges of the St. Johns River froze and ice was reported in Pensacola Bay. The temperature was below freezing for over two days at St. Augustine. All citrus was killed. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1861 — The temperature at Gouverneur, NY, bottomed out at -40 degrees, a drop of 70 degrees in one day. Two days later the mercury hit 55 degrees. (David Ludlum) 1861 — Hanover, NH, plunged from 37 degrees at 1 PM on the 7th to 32 degrees below zero at 7 AM on the 8th, and West Cummington MA plummeted 80 degrees to -32 degrees. Boston MA plunged from 46 degrees to -14 degrees, and on the 11th was back up to 60 degrees. (7th-8th) (The Weather Channel) 1899: A third area of low pressure moved in to DC on the 7th and dumped an additional 5 inches of snow bringing the snow cover in DC to around one foot.(p. 51 Washington Weather Book 2002 by Ambrose, Henry, Weiss) The arctic outbreak spread south of Canada on February 7, 1899, dropping temperatures to -61°F in Montana, -59°F in Minnesota, (a state record that stood for almost a century, until the village of Tower recorded -60°F on February 2, 1996). (Extreme Weather p. 63, by Christopher C. Burt) 1904: A tornado touched down in the southern tip of Illinois, hitting the towns of Meridian and Villa Ridge, north of Cairo. Parts of some barns were carried over a mile. Another tornado causing F2 damage in Clinton County picked up a two-story home, turned it around, and returned it to the ground. Oak trees with trunks 20 inches in diameter were "twisted into splinters". (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1920: A 4-day ice, sleet and snowstorm over New England and southeastern New York came to an end after dumping as much as 15 to 20 inches of frozen precipitation.(Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1933: A 112 foot rogue wave was survived by the USS Ramapo in the Pacific Ocean. It is thought to be the highest wave ever observed and survived. It was caused by 70 mph winds over a large fetch. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1934 — A deep freeze made it possible to drive from Bay Shore to Fire Island NY. (Sandra and TI Richard Sanders - 1987) 1936: On Friday February 7th, 1936 Richmond had 12.6 inches of snow and on the morning of the 8th Richmond had a low temperature of -10°F . 14.4 inches of snow in Wash. DC from 2355 on the 6th to 1645 on the 7th occurred the greatest snowstorm since Jan. 1922. A low pressure system formed to the east of Florida on the morning of the 6th and moved to a position about 60 miles east of Cape Hatteras. The first flakes of snow fell in Washington, DC just after midnight of the 7th and by late morning over a foot of snow had fallen. The total accumulation in Washington was 14.4 inches with a liquid content of 1.01 inches. Vertical weather accompanied the storm as temperatures fell to 16 degrees Fahrenheit during the height of the snowfall. Only 3 to 6 inches of snow fell in far northern and western suburbs. Norfolk recorded 9 inches of snow, the city's heavy snowfall in the last 40 years. (p. 60 Washington Weather Book 2002 by Ambrose, Henry, Weiss) Over 14 inches of snow fell in the Northern Virginia with greater amounts in the Skyline Drive area. The heavy snow set the stage for the great spring flood in March when warm temperatures brought a sudden thaw to the snow pack. Following the snow, Richmond's temperature fell to a record low for the month reaching -10 °F. (Ref. Virginia Weather History) 1967: A strong low pressure system created near blizzard conditions in the middle Atlantic religion. The brief, but intense storm produced 10 to 12 inches of snow across Washington, DC area. Light snow broke out during the evening of February the 6th. The snow remained light to moderate through the night, and then became heavy around daybreak. Snow accumulated at 1 to 2 inches an hour between 6:00 a.m. 11:00 a.m. and quickly ended around noon on the 7th. The storm dumped 10.3 inches of snow an it National Airport and 11.7 inches at Dulles generally, 10 - 12 inches of snow fell throughout the area.(p. 79-80 Washington Weather Book 2002 by Ambrose, Henry, Weiss) (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) Ref. (NWS Ranking for Storms between 1956 and 2011) This is the 33rd Worst Snowstorm 1971: A waterspout came ashore at 4:18 AM and caused F2 damage to an expensive apartment complex in Gulf Breeze, Florida. 112 people were hurt. The tornado formed near Santa Rosa Island and moved ashore at Navy Cove, Florida. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2012 Accord Pub. 2011, USA) 1978 — The worst winter storm of record struck coastal New England. The storm produced 27.5 inches of snow at Boston, and nearly 50 inches in northeastern Rhode Island. The fourteen foot tide at Portland ME was probably the highest of the century. Winds gusted to 79 mph at Boston, and reached 92 mph at Chatham MA. A hurricane size surf caused 75 deaths and 500 million dollars damage. (David Ludlum) 1987 — Low pressure in Manitoba, Canada, pulled warm air up from the Gulf of Mexico, and more than forty cities in the north central U.S. reported record high temperatures for the date, including North Platte NE and Rapid City SD with readings of 73 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) 1988 — Twenty-two cities in the eastern U.S. reported record low temperatures for the date, including Binghamton NY with a reading of 5 degrees below zero. Snow blanketed southern Louisiana, with three inches reported at Cameron. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 — Twenty-five cities in the western U.S. reported record low temperatures for the date. Lows of 16 at Las Vegas NV, 26 at Bakersfield CA, -29 degrees at Milford UT, and -16 degrees at Reno NV were February records. The low of 43 degrees below zero at Boca CA was a state record for the month of February. In Utah, lows of -32 degrees at Bryce Canyon, -27 degrees at Delta, -29 degrees at Dugway, and -38 degrees at Vernal were all-time records for those locations. (The National Weather Summary) 1990 — A slow moving cold front spread heavy snow across the state of Utah. Storm totals ranged up to 31 inches at Alta, with 24 inches at reported Brighton and 23 inches at Snowbird. Bitter cold weather prevailed across Alaska for the thirteenth day in a row, with morning lows of -42 degrees at Fairbanks, -48 degrees at Nenana, and -54 degrees at Bettles. Anchorage AK reported a record low of 23 degrees below zero. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1991: Dense fog resulted in a 74 vehicle pile-up on Highway 99 in Fresno County, California resulting in three deaths and 31 injuries. In another area of Fresno County, a truck drove onto railroad tracks and was struck by a train, resulting in one death. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1994: Snow falling over the area produced heavy accumulations from central into northeast South Dakota with 11 inches at Kennebec and 8 inches at Watertown through the 9th. Extreme cold accompanied and followed the snow with low temperatures of -52 °F at Promise and -45 °F at Aberdeen on the 9th. Snow accumulation caused a roof to cave in on a drugstore at Bristol. A man died of exposure attempting to walk home near Sioux Falls after his car became stuck in a ditch. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2002: Oregon experienced their worst windstorm since the Great Columbus Day Blow of 1962 as developing low pressure moved into the southwestern part of the state. Winds gusted to 88 mph at Bandon, OR. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2003: Snow started at 1847 on the 6th and end on this date at 0655 with a total snowfall of 6.9 inches the most since 1-25-2000 (10.8 inches) an the most in Feb. since 2-16-1996 when 10.8 inches also occurred. (Ref. Annandale Virginia Weather Records ) 2008: Alaska: An arctic high centered along the Alcan border separating eastern Alaska and Canada's Yukon Territory cause morning temperatures across eastern interior Alaska to lower than minus 60 °F at nearly a half dozen locations. The temperature dropped to minus 72 °F at Chicken, marking the lowest official temperature in the state in more than eight years.(Ref. WxDoctor) 2017 — Six tornadoes traveled across southern Louisiana. The strongest tornado, an EF-3, impacted eastern New Orleans.

19 / 0 cleat to the west, Cold building down - coldest of the season and at least since 2019, the next 54 hours. Some moderation ext week, especially Tue, to normal and where some areas breach 40 degree mark, firs time since Jan 22. 2/10-2/16 overall near normal to slightly below and dry. The period 2/11 - 2/13 , 2/14 - 2/17 remain periods to watch for systems. Longer range (overnight 2/7 00z) forecasts also focus on the way out there 2/21 period.

Last 4 5 days "warmup" Both were able to reach/exceed freezing the 5 days EWR: 2/2: 37 / 15 (-2) 2/3: 36 / 17 (-6) 2/4: 35/26 (-2) 2/5: 34 / 17 (-7) 2/6: 34 /18 )-7) NYC: 2/2: 35 / 14 (-3) 2/3: 33 / 23 (-6) 2/4: 33 / 26 (-4) 2/5: 32 / 20 (-8) 2/6: 33 / 23 (-6)

Its evil Twin GFS AI AIGFS has much more QPF for that period

Records: Highs: EWR: 69 (2008) NYC: 68 (2008) LGA: 69 (2008) JFK: 67 (2008) Lows: EWR: 5 (1995) NYC: -4 (1895) LGA: 4 (1995) JFK: 7 (1995) Historical: 1807 - It was the famous "Cold Friday" in the Midwest and South. The temperature did not rise above zero in Ohio and Kentucky. (David Ludlum) 1828: Plum trees blossomed in South Carolina six weeks early as the south was enjoying one of their warmest winters on record. Weather patterns would change however by late March. An inch of ice would form on the St. John's River. The Six-Mile Creek in northern Florida recorded a temperature of 26 °F. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1835: A snowstorm dumped 6 inches in Williamsburg and as much as 20 inches at Virginia Beach. Over a foot of snow fell in Norfolk. (Ref. Virginia Weather History) 1856: Oswego, New York: A rare February lake effect snowfall buries the Oswego area with 6 feet of snow. (Ref. WxDoctor) 1899: A second area of low pressure moved in to DC from the south and dumped an additional 2 to 3 inches of snow bringing the snow cover in DC up to 8 inches. (p. 51 Washington Weather Book 2002 by Ambrose, Henry, Weiss) 1933: The temperature fell to -90° at Oimaykon, Russia, the coldest temperature ever in Asia. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1978 - A massive nor'easter buried the cities of the northeastern U.S. Storm totals included 18 inches at New York City, 16 inches at Philadelphia, and 14 inches at Baltimore. The Boston MA area received 25 to 30 inches in "The Great New England Blizzard" and the mayor outlawed travel in the city for an entire week. (David Ludlum) Boston, MA recorded 27 inches of snow in the greatest snowstorm in New England's modern history. Traffic was at a standstill for five days. Motorists had to abandon their cars and take shelter with private citizens and in churches. The Boston Globe went undelivered for the first time in 106 years. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1980: Low pressure dumped heavy snow over eastern North Carolina and southeastern Virginia. The storm moved out the next day and left 12.4 inches of snow at Norfolk, VA, their biggest snowstorm since December 1892. Elizabeth City, NC was buried under 20 inches. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1982: A deep upper level trough combined with arctic high pressure across the central Plains brought record low temperatures from the Midwest to the southern Plains including: St. Cloud, MN: -33°, Alamosa, CO: -25°, La Crosse, WI: -22°, Topeka, KS: -21°, Wichita, KS: -21° (broke previous record by 13 degrees), Rockford, IL: -20 °F. (Ref. Wilson - Additional Temperatures Listed On This Link) 1987 - Brownsville, TX, was deluged with seven inches of rain in just two hours, and flooding in some parts of the city was worse than that caused by Hurricane Beulah in 1967. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 - Arctic cold invaded the south central and eastern U.S. Sixteen cities reported new record low temperatures for the date. Squalls in the Great Lakes Region produced a foot of snow at Arcade NY in three hours. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 - Forty-one cities in the western U.S. reported new record low temperatures for the date. Lows of -30 degrees at Ely NV and -33 degrees at Richfield UT were all-time records. Morning lows of 31 degrees at San Francisco CA and -15 degrees at Reno NV were records for February. Logan Canyon UT was the cold spot in the nation with a low of 54 degrees below zero, and Craig CO hit 51 degrees below zero. (The National Weather Summary) 1990 - A second cold front brought more heavy snow to the high elevations of Oregon, with 12 inches reported at Sunset Summit. Ten inches of snow blanketed Crater Lake and Mount Bachelor. Heavy snow also blanketed northeastern Nevada and parts of Washington State. In Nevada, up to a foot of snow was reported between Spring Creek and Lamoille. Stevens Pass WA received 14 inches of snow in 24 hours. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 2003: Feb. 6th-7th: Low pressure passing through North Carolina brought 3 to 8 inches of snow to the region. The heaviest amounts fell in a swath from Fredericksburg to Southern Anne Arundel County. An area of low pressure moved into central Illinois during the morning, continuing northeast into Indiana later that day. Thunder snow was reported from eastern Iowa into southern Wisconsin during the early morning, leading to 2 inch per hour snow accumulations rates. Some snow totals from this event include: Sinsinawa, WI: 18 inches, Hazel Green, WI: 14 inches, Cuba City, WI: 13 inches, Platteville, WI: 10.5 inches, Guttenberg, IA: 10 inches, Lancaster, WI: 8.7 inches, Elkader, IA: 8.4 inches, Strawberry Point, IA: 7.8 inches and Muscoda, WI: 7.5 inches. Near blizzard conditions occur across part of Lower Michigan with snowfall rates of one to two inches per hour. A wintry mix of snow, sleet and freezing rain occurred from Kalamazoo to Jackson, MI. The storm dropped more than 8 inches of snow at Grand Rapids, contributing to their snowiest February on record. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2010 - On February 5-6, a severe nor'easter, commonly referred to as Snowmageddon, impacted the east coast from North Carolina to New York. Some snowfall amounts include; 32.9 inches at Washington Dulles International Airport; 28.5 inches at the Philadelphia International Airport; 21.1 inches at the Pittsburgh International Airport; 18.2 in Atlantic City; Trace in Central Park. 2010: The Feb. 5-6 snowstorm was rated a Category 3 ("Major") snowstorm based on NESIS (Northeast Snowfall Impact Scale) and hit Northern VA and particularly Maryland very hard with power outages and up to 3 feet of snow in Allegheny County. Frostburg measured 36.0 inches at 112 PM on Feb. 6th. (Ref. See below Snowfall totals in Northern VA & MD) "Record 2-day snowfall on 5th-6th at IAD, 32.4"; BWI 24.8"; 2nd greatest at DCA, 17.8 the fourth greatest snowstorm on record"; Blizzard conditions in Anne Arundel and St. Mary’s Counties, MD, with wind gusts 35 mph and greater, blowing and drifting snow, visibilities less than 1/4 mile. Snowfall 20"-30" in most locations and as much as 38.3" in Elkridge, MD, and 34.5" in Leesburg, VA." (Ref. FEB PRESTO Page 1) The total snowfall today at West Henrico Co. - Glen Allen VA. area was 6.6 inches and total precipitation from snow and rainfall was 0.78 inches (total water equivalent for the storm of the 5th and 6th was 2.50 inches) and the snow ended at 1730 hrs. The storm total snowfall at West Henrico Co. - Glen Allen VA. area was 11.1 inches but the rainfall in this storm melted about 2.0 inches of this from the 4.5 inches that fell on the 5th. It was the most snow I have ever seen fall on the back side of a storm from the wrap- around effect and just after the snow ended there was a total of 12.4 inches on the lawn. Other links-- 2011: O'hare International Airport in chicago received 2.6 inches of snow today. This brings the total for the season so far to 50.1 inches and marks the first time in Chicago weather history that there have been four consecutive seasons of 50 inch or greater snowfall. (Ref. 1st time in Chicago's history with 4 consecutive seasons of 50 inches or greater snowfall.)

25 / 10 off a low of 9,3. We'll see if today can make 5 above freezing in a row / and yet still be -5 or so below avg for the period. Light snow tonight and throughout the morning Saturday. Cold perhaps coldest 60 hour period Sat AM - Monday PM. Moderation next week but stubborn cold could yield a mix Wed and later Valentines weekend and into presidenets day 2/16. Beyond there a bit warmer overall but still close to avg.

Last 4 days "warmup" EWR: 2/2: 37 / 15 (-2) 2/3: 36 / 17 (-6) 2/4: 35/26 (-2) 2/5: 32 * so far NYC: 2/2: 35 / 14 (-3) 2/3: 33 / 23 (-6) 2/4: 33 / 26 (-4) 2/5: 31 * so far

Records: Highs: EWR: 69 (1991) NYC: 70 (1991) LGA: 70 (1991) JFK: 66 (1991) Lows: EWR: 3 (1996) NYC: -6 (1918) LGA: 6 (1995) JFK: 7 (1996) HIstorical: 1745: Today is National Weatherman/Meteorologist day, commemorating the birth of John Jeffries in 1745. Jeffries, one of America's first weather observers, began taking daily weather observations in Boston, MA, in 1774, and he made the first balloon observation in 1784. You can read a narrative from the Library of Congress of the two aerial voyages of Doctor Jeffries with Mons. Blanchard: with meteorological observations and remarks. The first voyage was on November 13th, 1784, from London into Kent. The second was on January 7th, 1785, from England into France. 1887 - San Francisco experienced its greatest snowstorm of record. Nearly four inches was reported in downtown San Francisco, and the western hills of the city received seven inches. Excited crowds went on a snowball throwing rampage. (David Ludlum) 1920: An intense nor'easter dumped 17.5 inches of snow over three days in New York City Central Park, New York. Boston, MA, saw 12.2 inches of snow on this day. 1976: Record-breaking snowfall of just two inches fell in Sacramento, California. February 5, 1976, is the only time since November 1941 when snow was reported in Sacramento. 1986: A supercell thunderstorm tracked through the Tomball area northwest of Houston, TX, and produced four tornadoes along with damaging microburst winds and up to tennis ball size hail. An F3 tornado killed two people, injured 80 others, and devastated a mobile home park and the David Wayne Hooks Airport. In addition, 300 aircraft were either damaged or destroyed. Much of the more substantial hail was propelled by 60 to 80 mph winds, resulting in widespread moderate damage. The total damage from this storm was 80 million dollars. 1987 - Thunderstorms in the Southern Plains Region caused flooding in parts of south central Texas. Del Rio TX was soaked with two inches of rain in two hours prior to sunrise. (The National Weather Summary) 1988 - Cold and snow invaded the southern U.S. Roswell NM was buried under 16.5 inches of snow in 24 hours, an all-time record for that location. Parts of the Central Gulf Coast Region reported their first significant snow in fifteen years. Strong winds in Minnesota and the Dakotas produced wind chill readings as cold as 75 degrees below zero. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 - Severe cold gripped much of the nation. Thirty cities reported new record low temperatures for the date. Morning lows of 9 above at Astoria OR and 27 below zero at Ely NV were records for February. In Alaska, Point Barrow warmed to 24 degrees above zero, and Nome reached 30 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) 1990 - For the second time in two days, and the third time in a week, high winds plagued the northwestern U.S. Winds in Oregon gusted to 60 mph at Cape Disappointment, and wind gusts in Washington State reached 67 mph at Bellingham. The first in a series of cold fronts began to produce heavy snow in the mountains of Washington and Oregon. Ten inches of snow fell at Timberline OR. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 2006 - Mount Washington Observatory in New Hampshire reaches a high of 41°F, the warmest February 5th on record at the summit and two degrees off the monthly mark, where records have been kept since 1932. The Weather Doctor 2008 - The deadliest round of tornadoes in nearly a quarter century kill 58 people in the south. The storms kill 32 people in Tennessee, 14 in Arkansas, seven in Kentucky and five in Alabama. Damage is likely to be in the hundreds of millions of dollars. The Weather Doctor 2008 - The Super Tuesday 2008 Tornado Outbreak has been one of the deadliest tornado outbreaks in the US, with 59 fatalities reported. So far, it ranks in the top 15 deadly tornado outbreaks (and the highest number of tornado deaths since 1985). According to the SPC Storm Reports, there were over 300 reports of tornadoes, large hail (up to 4.25 inches in diameter in Texas, Arkansas, and Missouri), and damaging wind gusts from Texas to Ohio and West Virginia. The outbreak produced at least 64 tornadoes, some producing EF-3 and EF-4 damage. 2010 - A mega-snowstorm, which President Obama dubbed Snowmageddon, buried the Washington D.C. area with more than 30 inches of snow in some areas. At American University in Washington the official snowfall was 27.5 inches. Snowfall totals in the Washington DC area range from a low of 17.9 inches at Ronald Reagan National Airport to 40 inches in the northern suburb of Colesville, MD. Dulles Airport reported 32.4 inches, which established a new two-day snowfall record. The Baltimore-Washington International Airport, MD, measured 24.8 inches from the storm breaking the record for the largest two day snowfall there. It is one of the worst blizzards in the city's history.

26 / 11 nudging freezing or just above today / Friday. WeekendArctic blast with the coldest airmass of the season started off with a whitening of the concrete snow pack . Moderation next week towards normal and above with ridge building into the eastern 2/3 of the nation. Tracking times - with the period 2/11 - 2/13 to watch for mix / rain and then continued busier as systems are forecast to impact the east. 2/5 - 2/6 : Some slight moderation with day time near / above freezing 2/7 - 2/9 : Arctic airmass - coldest of the season, clipper brings light snow/snow showers/squalls dusting - coating, perhaps an inch 2/10 - 2/15 : Moderation - at least 2 systems to watch mix / rain threats 2/16 - beyond : Warmer/wetter but a bit of a chance for cold to push into the area wiht a warmer south/west of us look

Records: Highs: EWR: 69 (1991) NYC: 68 (1991) LGA: 68 (1991) JFK: 68 (1991) Lows: EWR: 5 (2023) NYC: 0 (1918) LGA: 5 (2023) JFK: 4 (2023) Historical: 1842: A dreadful tornado passed over Mayfield, Kirkland, and other Cuyahoga and Lake Counties in Ohio. According to the Cleveland Herald, no less than 30 houses, barns, and buildings were entirely demolished or very much shattered. A "report from Kirtland says that one man and one child are dead." 1886: Washington, DC from the 2nd to the 4th: Heavy snow of 12.4 inches fell over the DC. area. (NWS - Sterling Office - Table of the "Biggest Snowstorms on Record") 1893: Calgary, Alberta Canada's coldest day saw the temperature drop to -49°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1924: In Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 20.3 inches of snow fell in 24 hours. This ranks as the most snowfall in 24 hours since 1884. This storm caused over $1 million in damage. Streetcar and train service crippled. Snowdrifts of 8 to 10 feet high were common, along with much ice on trees and wires. Schools were closed, and several plate glass windows were broken. 1961 - The third great snowstorm of the winter season struck the northeastern U.S. Cortland NY received 40 inches of snow. (David Ludlum) 1964: A great blizzard was in progress across the Texas Panhandle. This blizzard, which began on the 2nd and ended on the 5th, dumped 26 inches of snow at Borger, 23.8 inches at Miami, and 23.5 inches at Claude. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1984: On this day through the 5th, a fast moving blizzard was racing across northeast, east central South Dakota and most of Iowa with bouts of heavy snow and high winds. Snow amounts were generally less than two inches with the storm. However, as the cold front tore across the area temperatures plunged by as much as 30 degrees in three hours and winds gusted to 70 mph. Another 2 to 3 inches fell before the event was over. Gusty winds struck quickly, plummeting visibilities to near zero in blowing snow and making travel very difficult in a matter of minutes with dangerous wind chills. Hundreds of travelers became stranded in the white-out conditions. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 - Gales lashed the northern Pacific coast and the coast of northern New England. A storm in the central U.S. produced five inches of snow at Rapid City SD. (The National Weather Summary) 1988 - A winter storm produced heavy snow from the Upper Ohio Valley to New England, with up to 12 inches reported in Vermont and New Hampshire. Strong northerly winds in the Upper Midwest produced wind chill readings as cold as 60 degrees below zero. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 - Two dozen cities in the south central and northwestern U.S. reported new record low temperatures for the date. The low of 14 below zero at Boise ID was a February record. A winter storm continued in the southwestern U.S. Alta UT reported 49 inches of snow in four days, Wolf Creek CO reported 66 inches in six days, including 28 inches in 24 hours, and up to 84 inches buried the ski resorts of northern New Mexico in three days. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1990 - A winter storm produced heavy snow in the northeastern U.S. Snowfall totals in Maine ranged up to 13 inches at Gorham, with 11 inches reported at Portland. Totals in New Hampshire ranged up to 14 inches at Franconia, with 13 inches reported at Portsmouth. A mixture of snow, sleet and freezing rain caused numerous traffic accidents in eastern New York State resulting in three deaths and fourteen injuries. Subzero cold also gripped parts of the northeastern U.S. Caribou ME and Houlton ME reported morning lows of 15 degrees below zero. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1995: A massive nor'easter pounded areas from the southern Mid-Atlantic to northern New England. It would be the only significant storm in the 94-95 winter season. Over 20 inches of snow buried parts of upstate New York. Wind chills dropped as cold as 40 degrees below zero. Behind the storm, arctic air crossing the relatively warm waters of the Great Lakes produced intense lake effect squalls for nearly two weeks from the 4th through the 14th. Snowfall totals for the storm ranged from near two to seven feet. During the storm east of Lake Ontario, snow was falling at the incredible rate of five inches an hour! The heavy snow combined with strong winds produced whiteouts and hazardous driving. Actual storm totals downwind of Lake Erie included: Erie County: West Seneca 39 inches, Orchard Park 36 inches, Cheektowaga 36 inches, Colden 32 inches, and Buffalo Airport 31 inches; Genesee County: Corfu 38 inches; Chautauqua County: Sinclairville 27 inches and Jamestown 15 inches. Downwind of Lake Ontario, storm totals included: Oswego County: Palermo 85 inches, Fulton 60 inches, and Oswego 46 inches; Lewis County: Montague 66 inches, Highmarket 48 inches, and Lowville 36 inches; Cayuga County: Fairhaven 36 inches, Wayne County: Wolcott 22 inches; and Jefferson County: Adams 47 inches. 2004 - 7.15 inches of rain deluges Pinson, AL, setting an all-time record rainfall over 24 hours for the town. The Weather Doctor 2007 - Kahului reports a minimum temperature of 54°F, a daily low temperature record for the date. The Weather Doctor 2011 - A winter storm settled four to six inches of snow over northern Texas, including Dallas, just days before the Super Bowl between the Pittsburg Steelers and the Green Bay Packers.

31 / 16 clearing. Near or slightly above freezing through Friday, then plunge back sub freezing Sat - Mon. Some whitening of the snow pack Saturday. Looks to be the coldest of the season 2/7 - 29. Moderation 2/10 - mid month and perhaps more storm opportunities in the 2/11 - 2/13 period and beyond into the second half of the month. Ridging into the eastern half but need to see the extent of warmth and opportunities for WAA / overrunning (mix - rain) scenarios.