It was just a matter of time. That La Niña means business and all the factors (-IOD, etc.) are in place for it to strengthen yet again….I don’t think a moderate peak in early winter is that far fetched. And yea, that new Euro is an ugly look if you don’t like heat. Aug-Oct looks nasty, SE ridge city. I think the things to look at going into winter will be 1) How strong does the La Niña get? 2) What does the stratosphere do, given the recent volcanic eruptions and the record water vapor that was introduced along with the volcanic ash and sulfate aerosols? 3) How strong does the +QBO get? 4) Does the high solar/sunspot activity continue? 5) What does the -IOD do? A -PDO/-PMM is pretty much a certainty, not much question there