@TauntonBlizzard2013 sugar snap Peas are good to start from seed, outdoors, harvest in June and start a new batch.
We did potatoes last year in grow bags that did well.
I'd start your stuff from seedlings, if you don't have the space indoors to starts seeds.
Do some research on succession planting, so you're always growing and your space is efficient. For example, we plant garlic in November, harvest in July, plant carrots in their place, harvest in November, plant garlic again.
Lastly, some plants are more compatible growing next to each other - important for a small garden. All resesrchable. I'm sure UMASS has a cooperative extension as UNH and UMaine do. They'll have resources (tips) specific for your climo. (Edit: https://ag.umass.edu/resources/home-lawn-garden)