-IOD’s serve to enhance La Niña development. El Niño’s very rarely happen along with a -IOD, the overwhelming majority of the time you see a +IOD with El Niño. You can see a positive or negative IOD phase with a Niña, but the -IOD really helps to augment the Niña state. When the IOD is in a very strong positive or negative phase, as it is now, its effects are even stronger. It is currently having a very significant impact on the MJO waves and their propagation, as I posted earlier, I would expect this to certainly continue into winter…..