SACRUS

Records: Highs: EWR: 90 (1938) NYC: 90 (1938) LGA: 83 (2016) JFK: 82 (1963) Lows: EWR: 29 (1937) *earliest reading below 30 NYC: 33 (1886) LGA: 38 (1970) JFK: 38 (1970) Historical: 1781 - General Cornwallis attempted to escape encirclement by crossing York River, "but a violent storm arose" dispersing his boats causing him to ask for an armistice. (Sandra and TI Richard Sanders - 1987) 1906: A Hurricane moved out of the Caribbean and across the lower Florida Keys to Miami leaving 164 people dead. The storm weakened in the Atlantic and turned back to Florida, crossing the coast near Daytona Beach as tropical storm. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1910 - A hurricane made a loop off the southwest coast of Florida. Winds above 100 mph were reported at Fort Myers FL, and the barometric pressure at Sand Key reached 28.40 inches. (David Ludlum) 1910: A category 4 hurricane moved north-northeast, passing just east of the Dry Tortugas. The maximum storm surge observed in Key West was 8 feet, with 15-foot waves at what is now Fort Zachary Taylor State Park. 1935: First of 176 days with a minimum temperature at or below 32 degrees at Langdon ND. This stands as the record for the United States. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1950 - Small but powerful Hurricane King struck Miami, FL. The hurricane packs winded to 122 mph, with gusts to 150 mph. Hurricane King then moved up the Florida peninsula to Georgia. Four persons were killed and damage was 28 million dollars. (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) 1971 - Great balls of fire were observed just ahead of a tornado moving down the main street of Wray CO. However, little other electrical activity accompanied the storm. Nine persons were injured in the tornado, all at a trailer court at the edge of town. (The Weather Channel) 1971: Great balls of fire were observed just ahead of a tornado moving down the main street of Wray, Colorado. However, little other electrical activity accompanied the storm. Nine people were injured in the storm, all at a trailer court at the edge of town. 1971:Heavy rains in NW Minnesota. 4.02" at Georgetown (20 miles N of Moorhead.) (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1977: Early snow in the Washington Baltimore, MD area and 18 inches in PA. (Ref. Oct. Snowfall History by Herb Close) 1979: Many birds were victims of a severe thunderstorm that crossed the Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge in southwestern Oklahoma during the early morning hours. Hail up to one inch in diameter killed more than 3,500 birds and injured 1,500 to 2,000 others. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1981: Prolonged very heavy rain, from October 10th through October 17th, led to serious flooding across parts of south-central Oklahoma. In northwest Marshall County, 26.2 inches of rain fell during those eight days, with 16 inches of that total falling in just 16 hours. Two men drowned, and many people were injured and evacuated, due to the flooding. Estimates of the flood-related losses amounted to between $23 million and $60 million dollars. Then-President Ronald Reagan declared six Oklahoma counties as disaster areas. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1984 - A snowstorm struck northern Utah producing a record 18 inches in 24 hours at Salt Lake City, and 40 inches at the nearby Alta Ski Resort. The town of Magna, located ten miles west of Salt Lake City, did not receive any snow at all. The storm was responsible for a fifty vehicle pile-up along Interstate 15 near Farmington UT. (Storm Data) 1987 - It was a great day for an Oktoberfest, or to enjoy the colors of autumn, as much of the nation enjoyed sunny and mild weather. Columbia SC dipped to 34 degrees, marking their third morning in a row of record cold. Bakersfield CA reached 80 degrees for the 143rd day in a row to break a record established in 1940. (The National Weather Summary) 1988 - Thunderstorms produced severe weather in the Middle Mississippi Valley and the Lower Ohio Valley. Severe thunderstorms spawned three tornadoes in Indiana, including one which injured four persons. Strong thunderstorm winds at Connerville IND caused three million dollars damage. Thunderstorms in Illinois produced hail two inches in diameter Colfax. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 - Showers and thunderstorms representing the remnants of Hurricane Jerry deluged southeast Kentucky with four to six inches of rain in 18 to 24 hours, resulting in widespread flash flooding. Flooding resulted in more than five million dollars damage. Temperatures again warmed into the 80s and lower 90s in the southeastern U.S. Lakeland FL and Orlando FL reported record highs of 95 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1991: Sleet fell in the Blue Ridge Mountains as a major coastal storm causing extensive coastal flooding from North Carolina to Massachusetts. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1992: Heavy rain and storm caused erosion from Hatteras to Cape Cod 2-4 inches of rain and 64 mph wind in New Jersey. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1998: During the weekend of October 17-18, 1998, torrential rains fell over southern and southeast Texas. Up to 22 inches of rain fell, which first resulted in deadly flash flooding from San Antonio to Austin followed by record-breaking river floods along several South Texas rivers the following week. Based on provisional data from the USGS, which is subject to revision, the flood peak for this event was the highest known peak stage at 15 locations. Tragically, a total of 31 people died during the event (26 drownings, two tornado deaths, two heart attacks, and one electrocution/drowning). At least 17 of the drowning victims were in vehicles that were either driven into water or were swept away by rapidly rising water. Preliminary property damage estimates approached three-quarters of a billion dollars.

51 / 31 off a low of 36. Dry Today - Sunday - Nice fall weekend upcoming. Mid 60s today sunny. A bit warmer Sat Mid 60s to low 70s in the warmest areas. Low to mid 70s on Sunday which looks the warmest of the next week. Front storms/showers Monday. Dries out Tuesday , near normal 10/21 - 10/26. Perhaps a brief warm up with trough/system into the Midwest pumping heights into the east 10/27-10/28 before the next ftont / storm brings rain 10/29. Near normal overall, beyond there.

64 for the high down to 49

Highs: EWR: 84 (1958) NYC: 87 (1897) LGA: 82 (1958) JFK: 79 (2008) Lows: EWR: 31 (1944) NYC: 34 (1876) LGA: 39 (2009) LGA: 39 (2006) Historical: 1781: A storm of "unknown character" struck Virginia. The Earl of Cornwallis, at Yorktown, was trapped by the French Fleet and the Patriot Army, under the command of George Washington. The Earl decided to flee to the north to Gloucester Point under the cover of darkness. A "furious storm" doomed the plan to failure, as seas ran high and every boat was "swamped". He sent forward his flag of truce and surrendered, thus ending the battle (Chapman). (Ref. Storm of 1781) 1880: Very early blizzard in Dakotas ends and precedes severe winter. Earliest blizzard in Minnesota. Struck western Minnesota and the eastern Dakotas especially hard. Over a foot of snow in western counties. Railroads were blocked. Damage done to Great Lakes shipping. Huge drifts exceeding 20 ft formed in the Canby area lasted until the next spring when flooding occurred across the Minnesota River Valley. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1913 - The temperature in Downtown San Francisco soared to 101 degrees to equal their record for October. (The Weather Channel) 1937 - An unlikely winter-like storm produced as much as ten inches of snow in Minnesota and Iowa. 1944: The 1944 Cuba – Florida hurricane, also known as the Pinar del Rio Hurricane, struck western Cuba on this day as a Category 4. This storm killed an estimated 300 people in Cuba and nine in Florida. This hurricane is currently the 7th costliest U.S. Atlantic hurricane, with an estimated $46.9 billion (2015 USD) in damages. 1962: Severe weather across northwestern Oklahoma resulted in a 5-inch hailstone collected in Woodward County. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1987 - Ten cities in the southeastern U.S. reported record low temperatures for the date. The low of 34 degrees at Augusta GA marked their third straight morning of record cold. A cold front brought showers and thunderstorms to parts of the central U.S. Lightning struck a bull and six cows under a tree near Battiest OK. (The National Weather Summary) 1988 - Late afternoon thunderstorms produced severe weather in southwestern Lower Michigan and northern Indiana. One thunderstorm spawned a tornado north of Nappanee IN which caused half a million dollars damage. Six cities in California reported record high temperatures for the date. The afternoon high of 100 degrees at Red Bluff CA was the latest such reading of record for so late in the autumn season. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988: An F2 tornado carved a 6 mile long, east-northeast path through a mostly rural area of north-central Indiana. The extremely slow-moving tornado touched down 1.5 miles north of Nappanee, just 300 yards north of a high school, and shortly after that moved through a subdivision where 11 homes sustained damage. 1989 - Heavy snow blanketed the foothills of Colorado. Up to three inches was reported around Denver. Echo Lake was buried under nineteen inches of snow. Temperatures again warmed into the 80s and lower 90s in the eastern and south central U.S. Thirteen cities reported record high temperatures for the date, including Atlantic City NJ with a reading of 84 degrees. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1998: One of the costliest hail storms to ever hit metro Denver caused an estimated $87.8 million dollars in damage to homes, buildings and vehicles. The hailstorm, rare for so late in the season began over portions of Arvada, Wheat Ridge and northeast Denver where mostly pea sized hail accumulated up to a depth of 6 inches near I-70. Snowplows had to be called out to clear several streets and many accidents were reported. The storm intensified as it moved to the east into the Denver and Aurora areas. Hail up to two inches in diameter pelted the Denver metro area and one inch diameter hail in northern Aurora. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1990: Temperature reached 90 °F for 136th day in Tampa, FL. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1992: 60+ middle school football players were on the Dueitt Middle School football field (Spring, TX) when lightning hit during a light drizzle. 34 students/coach taken to a hospital for observation/treatment, fortunately; no one was killed. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 1999: Hurricane Irene moved across the Florida Keys producing heavy rainfall, strong winds, and high waves. A gust 102 mph was reported in Big Pine Key. 2007: A blinding sandstorm in the high desert north of Los Angeles wreaks havoc with local traffic causing a highway pileup involving dozens of vehicles. Two people die, and 16 are injured as a result of the storm, which reportedly raised dust to 1000 foot high. 2015: A well-defined waterspout was visible from Marquette, Michigan.

48 / 35 off of 39 low. Sunny and cool low 60s for most, some mid 60s in the warmer spots. Cool night - some frosts inland possibly. Nice stretch Fri - Sun with this weekend looking dry and nice with the warmest on Sundaty low - mid 70s in the warm spots. Front Monday and back and forth bias near / slightly above normal through the 23rd. Trough into the northeast next weekend 10/25. Beyond there overall near normal.

Even partly cloudy forecasts are not materializing. I did see mostly sunny and still see that for this area of NJ.

After seeing the sun for a few minutes its clouded quite a bit

More on the 1987 record cold 1987 Unseasonably cold weather continued in the eastern U.S., with thirteen cities reporting record low temperatures for the date. The low of 34 degrees at Montgomery, AL was their coldest reading of record for so early in the season. Daily record lows included: Sterling (Dulles Airport), VA: 28°, Trenton, NJ: 30°, Allentown, PA: 30°-Tied, Columbia, SC: 32°-Tied, Harrisburg, PA: 32°-Tied, Macon, GA: 33°, Baltimore, MD: 33°-Tied, Parkersburg, WV: 34°, Chattanooga, TN: 34°, Islip, NY: 34 (later tied in 2006) °, Montgomery, AL: 34°, Bridgeport, CT: 36°, Augusta, GA: 36°-Tied and New York (Kennedy Airport), NY: 39°. Harrisburg, PA 32 °F (The National Weather Summary)

Records: Highs: EWR: 86 (1956) NYC: 84 (1956) LGA: 83 (2021) JFK: 82 (1975) Lows: EWR: 32 (1937) NYC: 32 (1876) LGA: 39 (2009) JFK: 37 (1999) Historical: 1608: Evangelista Torricelli, the Italian physicist and mathematician who invented the barometer was born on this date. In 1644, Evangelista Torricelli, built the first barometer with mercury. The aneroid barometer was made first in 1843, the French scientist Lucien Vidie invented the aneroid barometer. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1876: Snow fell on the backside of a coastal storm from Virginia to New England. New York City, NY had its earliest 32° temperature and a half inch of snow. Fall River, MA reported 3.5 inches of snow. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1880: This was the beginning of what was called the Mid West "Snow Winter of 1880-81". People were trapped in their homes and by the end of the winter it was reported snow was around 11 feet deep. 1880 - A violent early season blizzard raked Minnesota and the Dakotas. Winds gusted to 70 mph at Yankton SD, and snow drifts 10 to 15 feet high were reported in northwest Iowa and southeast South Dakota. Saint Paul MN reported a barometric pressure of 28.65 inches on the 16th. Railroads were blocked by drifts of snow which remained throughout the severe winter to follow. Gales did extensive damage to ship on the Great Lakes. (15th-16th) (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) 1947: People question attempts to weaken a hurricane by seeding it with dry ice after it made an unexpected turn off the coast making landfall near Savannah, GA with winds of 100 mph. One person was killed. Damage totaled $3 million dollars. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1954 - Hurricane Hazel struck the Carolina coastline. The hurricane demolished every pier along a 170 mile stretch from Myrtle Beach SC to Cedar Island NC, and obliterated entire lines of beach homes. Hurricane Hazel also destroyed 1500 homes as it moved inland with seventeen foot tides. Winds between Myrtle Beach SC and Cape Fear NC gusted to 150 mph. Hurricane Hazel caused 163 million dollars damage, and claimed the lives of 98 persons. (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) 1954: By 11 pm on the 15th, Hurricane Hazel had reached and crossed the waters of Lake Ontario, still sporting sustained winds as high as 60 mph. Hazel took direct aim at the heart of Toronto as it roared past at 49 mph. Toronto saw heavy rainfall before Hurricane Hazel on the 14th. The previous storm, in combination with the hurricane, resulted in significant flooding. 1966 - Iowa experienced its worst late season tornado of record. In just one minute a twister tore through the town of Belmond leveling 75 percent of the businesses, and 100 homes, causing more than eleven million dollars damage. (The Weather Channel) 1984: The Monday Night Football game in Denver, Colorado, was played in a raging blizzard. 15 inches of snow fell with up to 34 inches reported in the nearby mountains. The Air Force Academy canceled classes for the first time in its' recorded history. 1987 - Unseasonably cold weather continued in the eastern U.S., with thirteen cities reporting record low temperatures for the date. The low of 34 degrees at Montgomery AL was their coldest reading of record for so early in the season. Lows of 32 degrees at Harrisburg PA and 34 degrees at Parkersburg WV marked their third straight morning of record cold. (The National Weather Summary) 1988 - The cold high pressure system responsible for the record low temperatures in the eastern U.S. began to move out to sea, giving way to a trend toward "Indian Summer". Thunderstorms developing ahead of a cold front produced golf ball size hail at Altamont KS and hail two inches in diameter at Yates City IL. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1989 - Hurricane Jerry made landfall at Galveston, TX, at 6 30 PM (CDT). Winds at the Galveston Airport reached 75 mph, with gusts to 100 mph. Tides along the island were six to eight feet, and rainfall totals ranged up to slightly more than six inches north of Beaumont. Three persons were killed when their vehicle was blown off the Galveston seawall into the pounding surf. Total damage along the Upper Texas Coast was estimated at fifteen million dollars. Thunderstorms produced severe weather in Lower Michigan during the late morning. Two persons were injured when a tree fell on their camper at the Traverse City State park. While strong northerly winds ushered much colder air into the central U.S., unseasonably warm weather continued in the south central and eastern U.S. The afternoon high of 82 degrees at Bluefield WV was a record for October. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 2005: On this date through the 17th, the summit of Mt. Washington, NH reported 34 inches of snow. The 24-hour record for the most snowfall occurred when 25.5 inches fell in 24 hours. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) (Ref. WxDoctor)

58 / 52 partly cloudy and 96 hours of clouds finally gone with a brief return / warmup to the 70s for some (first since Oct 8th). Chilly next 48 hours before warming up this weekend and most sites getting back to low - mid 70s Sat for some Sunday for most. Front brings next round of storms/showers and rains Monday. Beyond there back and forth overall warmer than normal.

Ill check the others but for these, this is what i see EWR: 38 MPH NYC: 37 MOH

Im assuming there is work to be done for the systems that are automatically set to DST . Maybe not. Either way, its unlikely.

Rainfall 3 days totals NYC: 1.74 JFK: 1.73 LGA: 1.70 EWR: 1.15 New Brnswck: 0.97 TTN: 0.25

"President Trump is urging Congress to pass legislation that would make daylight saving time permanent," Earlier this morning it was reported that there is new pressure from the Whitehouse to stay on Daylight savings time. With only a little more than 3 weeks left it seems unlikely and also a computer coding pain. Again, the likely outcome will be to stay as we are now and clocks will go back to Standard time this fall and ahead in March. It will be interesting if something does materialize to test (POC) this fall by remaining on Daylight Savings time. Not sure an executive order would work. I believe in the 70s (1973) it was house/senate voting on it and the same in Oct 1974 to revert back to the changes as well as 2007 extending DST from April - Oct to March - Nov (early) and shortening ST from Oct - Apr to Nov - Mar.

Records: Highs: EWR: 85 (1975) NYC: 84 (1920) LGA: 82 (1975) JFK: 82 (1990) Lows: EWR: 32 (1932) NYC: 37 (1988) LGA: 40 (1993) JFK: 37 (1993) Historical: 1909: An F3 tornado struck Pittsburg Landing and Stantonville, TN killing 23 people and injuring 80 others. 1933: An F3 tornado destroyed farms near Sayre, Oklahoma; three people died, one was hurt. One family was found two hundred yards from the foundation of their destroyed home. A seven-year-old girl was found alive in the arms of her dead 74 year old great-grandmother. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2012 Accord Pub. 2011, USA) 1941: America's first television weather forecast was broadcast on New York's WNBT (later WNBC). There weren’t many televisions at that time, so viewers were limited to perhaps a few hundred people. The weathercast consisted of a sponsor's message followed by a text screen containing the next day's forecast. 1957 - Floodwaters roared through a migrant labor camp near the town of Picacho AZ flooding fifty cabins and a dozen nearby homes. 250 migrant workers lost their shelters. The month was one of the wettest Octobers in Arizona weather history. (The Weather Channel) 1965 - Heavy rains hit the coastal areas of southeastern Florida. In a 24 hour period rains of twenty inches were reported from Deerfield Beach to Fort Lauderdale, with 25.28 inches on the Fort Lauderdale Bahia-Mar Yacht Basin. Flooding that resulted caused considerable damage to roads and streets. The rains inundated numerous newly planted vegetable fields, and some residences. Ten miles away just 4.51 inches of rain was reported. (14th- 15th) (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) 1966: Late season severe thunderstorms brought softball size hail to parts of Brown, Dodge, Freeborn, Pipestone, Ramsey, Rock, and Steele Counties in MN. An enormous hailstone crashed through the windshield of a truck near Claremont in Dodge County, MN. It was reported to be 16 inches in circumference. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) Iowa struck by devastating late season tornado outbreak. A total of 12 tornadoes touched down, including an F4 that devastated a large part of Belmond Iowa. It was the day of the homecoming parade in the town, but fortunately the threatening skies had caused the crowds to break up before the twister's arrival. 6 people died in this tornado. 75 of the 112 businesses in the town were destroyed. Damage totaled $12 million. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1969: Portland, OR recorded its earliest freeze ever as of 1969. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1981 - Four days of heavy rain across northern Texas and southern Oklahoma came to an end. The heaviest rains fell in a band from southwest of Abilene TX to McAlester OK, with up to 26 inches reported north of Gainesville, in north central Texas. The heavy rains were the result of decaying Hurricane Norma, which also spawned thirteen tornadoes across the region. Seven deaths were attributed to the flooding. (Storm Data) 1984 - Dense fog contributed to a 118 vehicle accident on I-94, just south of Milwaukee WI. It was the seventh day of an eight day stretch of dense fog. At the time of the accident the visibility was reportedly close to zero. (Storm Data) 1987 - Sixteen cities, mostly in the Appalachain Region, reported record low temperatures for the date. Record lows included 43 degrees at Lake Charles LA, 35 degrees at Augusta GA, and 27 degrees at Asheville NC. Gale force winds buffeted the Carolina coast. Light snow fell across parts of Wyoming, Colorado, and western South Dakota. (The National Weather Summary) 1988 - Forty cities in the eastern U.S. reported record low temperatures for the date. Elkins WV was the cold spot in the nation with a record low of 18 degrees above zero. Thunderstorms in Arizona drenched Phoenix with nine inches of rain in nine hours, the fifth highest total for any given day in ninety-two years of records. Carefree AZ was soaked with two inches of rain. (The National Weather Summary) 1989 - Thunderstorms produced severe weather over Michigan during the morning, and over New York State and Connecticut during the afternoon and evening hours. Thunderstorms spawned two tornadoes, and there were ninety reports of large hail or damaging winds, including seventy reports of damaging winds in New York State. A tornado at McDonough NY killed one person and injured three other people. Strong thunderstorm winds gusted to 105 mph at Somerset. Temperatures warmed into the 80s and lower 90s over much of the nation east of the Rockies, with eleven cities reporting record high temperatures for the date. Afternoon highs of 81 degrees at Beckley WV and Bluefield WV equalled October records. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary)

55 / 53 with 1.09 in the bucket and just about 72 hours of clouds and counting. Clouds limger till later. Clear out Wed with a brief warmup to upper 60s / low 70s before cooling later Wed - Fri morning. Dry next 4-5 days with a beautiful upcoming weekend - sunny and low - mid 70s in the warmest areas. A bit of a back and forth - with warmth outweighing the cool overall beyond next Monday front. 10/14: Coastal departs Cloudy / showers 10/15 - 10/17 : Dry / cooler 10/18 - 10/19: Great weekend - warmer (low - mid 70s) 10/20 : front next shot at rain - looks light 10/21 - Beyond : Overall (back and forth) bu warmer overall

Dual swirls Southeast off Carolinas and southeast of South New Jersey

SST Annomaly s

Records: Highs: EWR: 89 (1954) NYC: 87 (1954) LGA: 86 (1995) JFK: 79 (1995) Lows; EWR: 34 (2012) NYC: 34 (1875) LGA: 39 (1988) JFK: 37 (2012) Historical: 1820: Snowstorm at Ft. Snelling, MN dumps 11 inches. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1846 - A great hurricane tracked across Cuba, Florida, Georgia, the Carolinas, Virginia and Pennsylvania. The hurricane inflicted major damage along its entire path, which was similar to the path of Hurricane Hazel 108 years later. The hurricane caused great damage at Key West FL, and at Philadelphia PA it was the most destructive storm in thirty years. (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) 1876: New York City recorded its earliest 32° reading with a half inch of snow. Snow fell from Virginia to New England with 3.5 inches reported at Fall River, MA. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1893: At Richmond, winds became a "perfect gale" as rain fell in torrents. Homes were partially unroofed, and trees fell in the capital squares. Between Richmond and Danville, a passenger train struck a fallen tree while a freight train struck another tree. Many lines fell across Petersburg. Dwellings in town rocked to the wind gusts. Roanoke watched as their river rose to levels unseen since 1853. Washouts occurred along the Norfolk & Western railroad, delaying traffic from twelve to fourteen hours. The town of Elliston was submerged by the Roanoke river, sweeping away houses. Alexandria saw its wharves crumble before the high waters ($25,000). The James river eclipsed the level attained during the Johnstown Flood of 1889 by twelve inches. Bladensburg saw winds level fences and partially unroof homes. In Washington, DC, the Calvary Baptist church's side wall blew down ($3000). Associate justice of the Supreme Court Henry B. Brown was seriously injured when a plate glass window shattered at his new home at the northwest corner of 16th street and Riggs at 7:30 p.m.. Trees and their limbs were strewn throughout the city. Rainfall began in the morning and increased throughout the afternoon. Sewers were flooded by this downpour. By 6 p.m., gale force winds swept through the Federal City. Damage to police and fire wires was "greater than ever before been experienced. " Waters on the Potomac rose six feet above the high tide, which was three feet below the high water mark. The Anacostia bridge became submerged. (Ref. for Fall Storm of Oct. 13th - 14th) 1960: Large hail nearly covered the ground across a large part of central Jackson County, in southwest Oklahoma. Hail up to the size of baseballs, with some chunks shaped like saucers, destroyed the roofs of most businesses and homes in Olustee. Large hail also pounded the Stillwater area the same evening. Hail up to 4 inches in diameter caused damage in and around the city, including damage to roofs, windows, and copper trim at Oklahoma State University. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1982: Denver experiences a wet, early-season snow. Up to 6 inches fell in the Foothills. Extensive power outages resulted as tree limbs broke under the weight of the snow. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1983: Severe weather in Falls Church, VA, produced 2-3 tornadoes and caused $1 million in damages. 1986 - Four tornadoes struck southeastern Virginia late in the night causing three million dollars damage. Tornadoes at Falls Church VA caused a million dollars damage. (Sandra and TI Richard Sanders) 1987 - Fifteen cities in the eastern U.S. reported record low temperatures for the date. Record lows included 34 degrees at Meridian MS, 28 degrees at Paducah KY, and 26 degrees at Beckley WV. Another surge of arctic air entered the north central U.S. bringing snow to parts of Wyoming and Colorado. (The National Weather Summary) 1988 - A total of forty-three cities in the eastern U.S. and the Upper Midwest reported record low temperatures for the date, including Elkins WV and Marquette MI where the mercury dipped to 18 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) 1989 - Sixteen cities reported record high temperatures for the date as readings warmed into the 80s and low 90s from the Southern and Central Plains to the Southern and Middle Atlantic Coast. Evansville IND and North Platte NE reported record highs of 91 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) 1990: The combined remnants of Tropical Storms Klaus and Marco dumped extremely heavy rainfall over New England. More than 6 inches of rain fell in parts of Connecticut. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1994: A slow moving low pressure area dumped excessive rains over coastal Georgia. Hunter was drenched with 14.26 inches in 24 hours while Savannah checked in with 8.80 inches. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2006: On the 12th and 13th in a historic lake effect snow left 22.6 inches of snow in Buffalo, New York. With trees in full leaf much damage occurred; estimates of $200 million dollars damage. Thunder occurred for approximately 12 hours with the storm, and 400,000 customers without power some for two weeks. (Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2007 Accord Publishing, USA) (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2012 Accord Pub. 2011, USA) 2011: Central and eastern Virginia hit by three tornadoes today. The tornado that hit New Kent County on Thursday carried winds estimated at 95 mph, the National Weather Service said today. The twister struck about 4:50 p.m. in the Woodhaven Shores neighborhood in southwestern New Kent, officials said. Its path was about 200 yards wide. The tornado was an EF1 -- the next-to-weakest rating for tornadoes. Weather service officials judged the tornado's characteristics by visiting the site today. Earlier today, the weather service said three confirmed tornadoes struck Virginia Thursday the 13th of October. The tornadoes hit western Louisa County between 3:30 and 3:45 p.m., western New Kent County just before 5 p.m. and southeastern Prince William County about 5:30 p.m. (Ref. Richmond Times Published by Rex Springston on October 14, 2011) A late season tornado event occurred on October 13th. An EF1 tornado went across a portion of New Kent County and another did EF1 damage in Louisa County at Sylvania Plantation, a historic home built in 1746. (Ref.NWS Late Season Tornadoes Louisa County and New Kent County)

55 / 53 with 0.72 in the bucket lots of mist and drizzle - sheet drizzle. Ugliness tames down later tonight and drying out Tue and perhaps some sun by Tue afternoon or sunset. Drier week and perhaps a quick 70 on Wed before a 48 hour cooler airmass comes down mainly Wed evning - Fri AM. Perhaps some frosts inland. Warmer by Friday afternoon and this coming weekend looks nice with Sunday back to the 70s for most. A bit back and forth starting on the 20th with overall warmer outweighing the cooler beyond.

Records: Highs: EWR: 88 (1954) NYC: 86 (1954) LGA: 86 (1954) JFK: 83 (1969) Lows: EWR: 35 (1996) NYC: 35 (1876) LGA: 41 (1964) JFK: 38 (1996) Historical: 1836 - A third early season storm produced heavy snow in the northeastern U.S. Bridgewater NY received 18 inches, a foot of snow fell at Madison NY, and for the third time all the mountains of the northeastern U.S. were whitened. (David Ludlum) 1906: Charlotte, NC recorded its' earliest freezing temperature with a morning low of 31°. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1918 - Forest fires ravaged parts of Minnesota from the Duluth area northeastward, claiming the lives of 600 persons. Smoke with a smell of burnt wood spread to Albany NY and Washington D.C. in 24 hours. Smoke was noted at Charleston SC on the 14th, and by the 15th was reported in northeastern Texas. (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) 1918: On October 10, 1918, two men working near a railroad siding northwest of Cloquet, Minnesota, saw a passenger train pass by the siding, and soon after, that discovered a fire burning through grass and piles of wood. The fire could not be contained, and by October 12, fires had spread through northern Minnesota. At least 450 lives were lost, and 52,000 people were injured or displaced, 38 communities were destroyed, 250,000 acres were burned. 1942: A tropical storm moved in across eastern North Carolina into central Virginia on October 12, 1942. Torrential rains fell from October 12-16 in Northern Virginia and Maryland. It caused the worst river flood in the history of the Virginia and DC. The hardest hit was the mid portion of the Rappahannock River and the Shenandoah River. On the Rappahannock, damages came to $2.5 million (1942 dollars) and most of that was in Fredericksburg, where the river rose to 41 feet (27 feet above flood stage). On the Shenandoah River, a stage of almost 50 feet was reached at Riverton on the morning of the 16th. Flood stage is 22 feet and it broke the record set by the March 1936 flood by 12 feet! The Potomac at Washington reached 17.6 feet (flood stage is seven feet). Areas of Alexandria and Arlington were seriously flooded. The Anacostia River flooded as well as 6 feet of water was across the boulevard in Bladensburg. Ten to 12 inches of rain fell from Fredericksburg to Warrenton. Seventeen inches were recorded in Front Royal. In Shenandoah National Park, along Skyline Drive, rainfall totals reached 18 to 19 inches. To the south, Nelson County received 16 inches. Another maxima of 12 to 16 inches fell from near Paw Paw, West Virginia south along the Shenandoah Mountains to west of Harrisonburg. About 6 to 8 inches fell over much of central and western Maryland. Highways and bridges were washed away across the region. Over 1,300 people were left homeless in Albemarle, Spotsylvania, Stafford and Warren Counties in Virginia. About 750 people were displaced from homes in Maryland. Hundreds of homes were flooded in Georgetown. Miraculously, only one person died. Transportation was interrupted for three days. Severe damage occurred to crops: peanuts, cotton, sweet potatoes, soybeans, shocked corn and late hay. The heavy rains caused a million bushels of apples to drop before they were picked. 1942 Storm Track - Underground Weather 1962 - The "Columbus Day Big Blow" occurred in the Pacific Northwest. It was probably the most damaging windstorm of record west of the Cascade Mountains. Winds reached hurricane force, with gusts above 100 mph. More than 3.5 billion board feet of timber were blown down, and communications were severely disrupted due to downed power lines. The storm claimed 48 lives, and caused 210 million dollars damage. (David Ludlum) 1950: Charlotte, NC recorded their latest 90° reading ever. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1954: Boston, Massachusetts had a maximum temperature of 90 °F the highest temperature for October. They also had 90 °F on October 7th 1963. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1962: The Columbus Day Storm of 1962 was a Pacific Northwest windstorm that struck the West Coast of Canada and the Pacific Northwest Coast of the United States. It is considered the benchmark of extratropical wind storms. The storm ranks among the most intense to strike the region since at least 1948, likely since the January 9, 1880 "Great Gale" and snowstorm. Click HERE for more information from the University of Washington. 1979: The lowest barometric pressure ever recorded occurs in the center of Typhoon Tip on this day. A fly reconnaissance mission recorded the low pressure of 870 hPa or 25.69 inHg. Typhoon Tip was the most extensive tropical cyclone on record with a wind diameter of 1380 miles at its peak. 1981: Hurricane Norma crossed from the Pacific over Mexico and into Southwestern Texas. 25.00 inches of rain fell in the area around Gainesville and Bridgeport, TX. The elephant from the Gainesville Zoo reportedly survived the massive flooding by holding its trunk above the water. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 1987 - Floyd, the only hurricane to make landfall the entire season, moved across the Florida Keys. Floyd produced wind gusts to 59 mph at Duck Key, and up to nine inches of rain in southern Florida. Sixteen cities in the Ohio Valley and the Middle Mississippi Valley reported record low temperatures for the date. Record lows included 27 degrees at Paducah KY, and 24 degrees at Rockford IL and Springfield IL. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 - Twenty cities in the Upper Midwest reported record low temperatures for the date, including International Falls MN with a reading of 17 degrees. The town of Embarass MN reported a morning low of 8 degrees. Snow showers in the northeastern U.S. produced five inches at Corry PA. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 - Temperatures again warmed into the 80s in the Central Plains Region and the Middle Mississippi Valley, with 90s in the south central U.S. Six cities reported record high temperatures for the date, including Fort Smith AR with a reading of 92 degrees. Strong winds along a cold front crossing the Great Lakes Region and the Ohio Valley gusted to 61 mph at Johnstown PA. (The National Weather Summary) 2005: On this date through the 14th, on its way to setting a local record for the month, Central Park in New York City received 8.5 inches of rain over the 3-day period. 16.73 inches fell during October to eclipse a 102-year record. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 2006: With 0.3 inches of snow falling at O'Hare International Airport, giving Chicago its earliest measurable snowfall. The previous earliest date was 10/18/1972 and in 1989.Snow Trivia for Chicago - NWS (Ref. WxDoctor) 2008: Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho from the 10th to the 12th: A significant winter storm brings heavy snowfall to areas of Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho over three days. The city of Red Lodge, Montana records its highest 24-hour snowfall total with 42 inches of snow. Glasgow, Montana also sets a new October 12th record when 12.8 inches of snow falls. (Ref. WxDoctor)

62 / 52 24 hours into the C+C (Cutoff / Coastal) cloud factory and 0.09 of rain. Much discussed long running storm to dump 1 - 3 inches of rain - more east. Clear out by later Tue evening. Dry much cooler Wed - Thu, perhaps some frost inland. Much warmer by next weekend and 70s look to return one or both weekend days 10/18-19. Overall near / slightly abovr normal beyond there.

Records: Highs: EWR: 88 (1949) NYC: 85 (1949) LGA: 86 (1955) JFK: 80 (1960) Lows: EWR: 36 (1979) NYC: 34 (1964) LGA: 36 (1964) JFK: 37 (1979) Historical: 1816: The coldest temperature recorded at Monticello, VA during the summer of 1816 was 51 °F, which occurred repetitively in June, July and August. Jefferson also noted that his icehouse held ice until October 11, 1816, which was about a month longer than normal, despite starting the spring with a relatively small supply of ice and snow. He also noted it was a dry summer was only 5.81 inches of rain fell during June, July and August. (p.34 Washington Weather Book 2002 by Ambrose, Henry, Weiss) 1836: 1836 - For the third straight Wednesday, snow fell in New York State. 35 inches of snow fell at Cornell University in Hamilton NY. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1846: A major hurricane, possibly a Category 5, moved through the Caribbean Sea. This Great Havana Hurricane struck western Cuba on 10 October. It hit the Florida Keys on 11 October, destroying the old Key West Lighthouse and Fort Zachary Taylor. 1906: Extremely cold weather for the all-Chicago World Series between the Cubs and White Sox. The game time temperature on this date was just 43 degrees, but the day before, snow flurries had menaced the fans and players along with freezing temperatures. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1906: Games 1 and 2 of all Chicago World Series were played amid snow flurries. Snow would not happen again in a World Series until 1997. The high temperature for game 3 played on this day was 43 degrees. 1925 - Widespread early season snows fell in the northeastern U.S., with as much as two feet in New Hampshire and Vermont. The heavy snow blocked roads and cancelled football games. (David Ludlum) 1954 - A deluge of 6.72 inches of rain in 48 hours flooded the Chicago River, causing ten million dollars damage in the Chicago area. (9th-11th) (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) 1987 - More than thirty cities in the Upper Midwest reported record low temperatures for the date, including Waterloo IA and Scottsbluff NE where the mercury dipped to 16 degrees. Tropical Storm Floyd brought heavy rain to southern Florida, moisture from Hurricane Ramon produced heavy rain in southern California, and heavy snow blanketed the mountains of New York State and Vermont. (The National Weather Summary) 1988 - Low pressure brought gale force winds to the Great Lakes Region, with snow and sleet reported in some areas. Unseasonably warm weather prevailed in the north central U.S. The mercury hit 84 degrees at Cutbank MT and Worland WY. The temperature at Gunnison CO soared from a morning low of 12 degrees to a high of 66 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) 1989 - Much of the nation enjoyed "Indian Summer" type weather. Nine cities in the central U.S. reported record highs for the date as temperatures warmed into the 80s and 90s. Record highs included 90 degrees at Grand Island NE and 97 degrees at Waco TX. Strong winds along a cold front crossing the Northern High Plains Region gusted to 80 mph at Ames Monument WY during the early morning. (The National Weather Summary) 1991: Most people think of Seattle, WA as being consistently cold and rainy, but you may be amazed to know that more rain falls each year in places like New York and Chicago. On this date, Seattle recorded its' 40th straight day without measurable rainfall. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2005: A tropical depression, formerly Hurricane Vince, became the first tropical cyclone on record to make landfall in Spain. (Ref. Wilson Weather History) 2010: When the temperature hit 82 at O'Hare Airport on Columbus Day, it was the 98th time this year that the temperature broke the 80 degree mark in Chicago. The last time the temperature got this warm this late in the season in Chicago was 35 years ago back in 1975 when the high temperature reached 89 degrees on October 14th. In fact going back 121 years this is only the 20th time in Chicago recorded weather history of a temperature this warm being reached this late in the season. Based on historical data this equates to about a 1 in 150 chance of seeing a high temperature this warm on any given day this late in October in Chicago Senenth greatest number of 80 degree days in Chicago's weather history. Here is a list of the years with the most days at or above 80 degrees; 2005 103 - 1953 102 - 2007 102 - 1944 101 - 1963 101 - 1991 100 - 2010 98 - 1955 98 - 1987 98 Chicago temperature records go back to 1871. Chicago had a maximum of 86 degrees today which tied the previous record high for the date.

57 / 53 mainly cloudy N/ENE flow continues. Clouds next 72 - 96 hours. Cutoff / costal much discussed in the separate thread - main 1-3 inches of rain between Sun / Mon night. Clear out with cooler Tue- Thu in the storms departure. Beyond there near / slighty above normal from 10/16 and beyond.

61 / 39 NE line of clouds