bluewave

While we won’t have the highest departures here, it will be one of the warmest last weeks of December on record for the North American continent.

While 23-24 and 22-23 were both in the top 3 for warmth, at least the El Niño driven STJ was able to improve the snowfall situation in 23-24. Time Series Summary for NY CITY CENTRAL PARK, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. 1 2001-2002 41.5 0 2 2022-2023 41.0 0 - 2015-2016 41.0 0 3 2023-2024 40.6 0 4 2011-2012 40.5 0 5 1931-1932 40.1 0 6 1997-1998 39.6 0 7 2016-2017 39.3 0 8 2019-2020 39.2 0 9 1990-1991 39.1 0 10 1998-1999 38.6 0

This is why I would much rather take my chances with a record STJ than a record Northern Stream.

This was probably the first time we saw such a narrow snowband track exactly due east from Illinois with the record jet streak.

December 89 was colder than all but 2 Januaries since 91. I can still remember the snow around Thanksgiving. Was thinking we may have been on a 76-77 track that December. Everyone was really surprised how quickly the pattern changed around New Years with one of the warmest Januaries after the 2nd coldest December. That December would have been considered cold back in the Little Ice Age. Time Series Summary for NY CITY CENTRAL PARK, NY - Month of Dec Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. 1 1917 25.0 0 - 1876 25.0 0 2 1989 25.9 0 3 1880 26.4 0 4 1872 26.7 0 5 1926 28.9 0 Time Series Summary for NY CITY CENTRAL PARK, NY - Month of Jan Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. 1 2004 24.7 0 2 1994 25.5 0 Time Series Summary for NY CITY CENTRAL PARK, NY - Month of Jan Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. 1 2023 43.5 0 2 1932 43.2 0 3 1950 41.8 2 4 1990 41.4 0 5 2006 40.9 0

Yeah, the JFK ASOS is actually fairly close to the 5 Towns area in Nassau in a very marshy spot. Readings would be much warmer especially during the summer if the ASOS was closer the Belt. When I lived in LB JFK readings were several degrees warmer than what I got a few blocks from the beach. But I would get the sea breeze sooner in the warm season so my highs would be a little lower than JFK. Oceanside was fairly close to JFK with the sea breeze timing and temperatures. The Newark ASOS is fairly close to the Bay. So any SSE component will drop the temperatures relative to downtown Newark. Unfortunately, that whole corridor in NJ is the warmest spot in the area due to how urbanized NE NJ is plus the warm down sloping from the hills to the west. So my guess is that we are probably missing the highest temperatures in that region since there isn’t a good downtown Newark site. We probably owe it to the people that live there and don’t get the benefit of a sea breeze like EWR gets. Harrison may be the closest in number of 90° days that the downtown of Newark gets. Data for January 1, 2024 through December 18, 2024 Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending 90° days HIGHTSTOWN 2 W COOP 41 HARRISON COOP 41 CANOE BROOK COOP 37 SOMERSET AIRPORT WBAN 35 NEWARK LIBERTY INTL AP WBAN 33 CALDWELL ESSEX COUNTY AP WBAN 33

It’s a good question. I have noticed that the JFK departures can vary either up or down from the other sites from time to time. It could be the onshore influence.

Is anyone working on an AI bias correction to the EPS weeklies numerical forecasts? It seems like this is the way to go. Since the AI forecasts on their own I have seen haven’t been the greatest. But maybe if they join forces with NWP they could make some real progress in modeling beyond 10 days.

These quick forcing shifts from the EPAC at the start of January back to the IO and MC after that don’t inspire a lot of confidence in the individual 500 mb forecasts especially longer range.

Yeah, the EPS runs at the start of December had much higher heights over the EPAC and WNA than are currently being forecast in late December. So I like to look at the GEFS for some counterpoint against whatever the EPS is showing beyond 10 days. Thats why I am glad they added the GEFS weeklies so we don’t just get stuck with one piece of guidance longer range. Since the CFS is just too erratic a model to be of much use most of the time. New run 12-23 to 12-30 much lower EPAC and WNA heights than forecast Old run

Cold departures pulling back again after the warm up. Should start to increase again with the colder temperatures coming up from the 21st to 23rd. Then the cold departures will recede again following Christmas as we go back up above normal again. The current station average is -1.3. It will be interesting to see if we can get a day or two warm enough near the end of the month to fall in the -1 to +1 range for the average which was my guess at the start of December. EWR….-0.9 NYC….-1.9 HPN….-1.1 LGA….-1.9 JFK…..+0.2 ISP…..-1.5 BDR…..-1.8 AVG….-1.3

You can see the long range models struggling with the Pacific pattern again as they are showing lower heights over the EPAC and the Western North America to start January than previous runs. This has been the long range bias since the start of December. 500 mb Heights over the EPAC and WNA have been verifying lower than forecast beyond 168-240 hrs. New run Old run

For the UKMET fans out there Pivitol now has 168 hr forecasts with maps every 6 hrs. https://www.pivotalweather.com/model.php?rh=2024121800&fh=9&dpdt=&mc=&r=conus&p=prateptype_ukmo-imp&m=ukmo_global

That band in CNJ was the exception rather than the rule across the area. All the sites across the area are similar to NYC in having one of their lowest snowfall starts to a decade. It was a bright spot for locals in that area. Almost like a version of what happened in a very narrow band on Long Island in December 1988.

Yeah, Boston has averaged 26.1” for this decade so far which was what NYC used to average. Monthly Total Snowfall for Boston Area, MA (ThreadEx) Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Mean 0.9 T 5.2 12.2 7.0 0.6 0.2 26.1 2019-2020 0.0 T 11.5 3.1 0.5 T 0.7 15.8 2020-2021 4.3 T 13.0 5.8 15.3 0.1 0.1 38.6 2021-2022 0.0 T 0.4 36.2 15.3 2.1 T 54.0 2022-2023 0.0 T 1.0 6.9 3.6 0.9 0.0 12.4 2023-2024 0.0 T 0.2 9.0 0.5 T 0.1 9.8

I posted it to show how remarkably warm the North American continent will be. Probably near record low snow cover extent for this time of year with Hudson Bay not frozen over yet. I agree about that big high east of New England should keep us in an onshore flow from the first 3-4 days of the period. So we’ll probably have to wait closer to New Years’s Eve to get over 50°. But the greater story is NYC could go the 26th to 31st without dropping below freezing for the 2nd year in a row.

If people discussing the actual weather patterns make you that angry maybe you need some time off from this place.

Even in this era of warm extremes the last week of December really stands out for the North American continent. https://bsky.app/profile/climatologist49.bsky.social/post/3ldhqhn4gxs2a Today's CPC 8-14 Day Outlook is the most above normal (reddest) one they have issued (2008-present) for the Lower 48. The average location in the Lower 48 has a 75.9% chance of being above normal, a 19.9% chance of being near normal, and a 4.2% chance of being below normal for the Dec 24-30 period.

This is what I said yesterday. The actual forcing has been spread out across the entire Pacific. The hovmollers have been working better than the RMMs. So the patterns haven’t been matching the single MJO phase composites. We can see the actual forcing forecast for January starts out near South America and then shifts back to the Maritime Continent. More of a competing influence pattern rather than one specific MJO phase composite. This is why there will probably be plenty of volatility in the model forecasts next few weeks for the January pattern. We may just have to be patient and watch what actually unfolds due to the varying influences as the models could really struggle more than usual.

High so far of 58° in NYC. So a record breaking 14 consecutive years reaching 55° or warmer between 12-17 and 12-25. A remarkably consistent pattern for this time of year.

I hear what you are saying. The footprint on these Arctic outbreaks when Rockford dropped to -25° and colder has been shrinking since the 1980s. While you can still reach those absolute coldest temperatures, the size and duration of the Arctic outbreaks has greatly declined. You can see how much more extensive the cold was during Januaries before this most recent 2019 event. But being near the center of the continent is a plus for you since the cold has been having difficulty expanding to the East Coast when you get record cold vs the past. Januaries with Rockford -25° and colder days since the 1980s

At least your part of the country was able to set a new all-time record coldest temperature as recently as 18-19 with one of your snowiest winters. But it was probably shorter than you would have liked due to the much warmer start to the month so the month overall was just -3.7 .Dropping to -31° with 16” on the ground is an impressive feat. Climatological Data for Rockford Area, IL (ThreadEx) - January 2019 Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Sum 788 333 - - 1449 0 2.27 24.9 - Average 25.4 10.7 18.1 -3.7 - - - - 5.9 Normal 29.1 14.5 21.8 - 1339 0 1.60 10.9 2019-01-01 32 23 27.5 4.2 37 0 T T 0 2019-01-02 28 22 25.0 1.9 40 0 T T 0 2019-01-03 39 20 29.5 6.5 35 0 0.00 0.0 0 2019-01-04 46 26 36.0 13.2 29 0 0.00 0.0 0 2019-01-05 50 26 38.0 15.3 27 0 0.00 0.0 0 2019-01-06 40 26 33.0 10.5 32 0 T 0.0 0 2019-01-07 51 37 44.0 21.6 21 0 0.53 0.0 0 2019-01-08 44 21 32.5 10.3 32 0 0.00 0.0 0 2019-01-09 23 16 19.5 -2.6 45 0 T T 0 2019-01-10 27 14 20.5 -1.5 44 0 0.00 0.0 0 2019-01-11 29 17 23.0 1.2 42 0 0.00 0.0 0 2019-01-12 31 29 30.0 8.3 35 0 0.28 3.8 0 2019-01-13 32 26 29.0 7.4 36 0 0.01 0.2 4 2019-01-14 26 23 24.5 3.0 40 0 0.00 0.0 4 2019-01-15 33 24 28.5 7.0 36 0 T T 4 2019-01-16 34 26 30.0 8.6 35 0 T 0.0 3 2019-01-17 33 27 30.0 8.7 35 0 T T 3 2019-01-18 30 23 26.5 5.2 38 0 0.17 2.3 2 2019-01-19 24 6 15.0 -6.2 50 0 0.13 4.0 8 2019-01-20 10 -2 4.0 -17.2 61 0 0.00 0.0 8 2019-01-21 14 -7 3.5 -17.7 61 0 0.00 0.0 8 2019-01-22 31 13 22.0 0.8 43 0 0.24 1.5 7 2019-01-23 29 9 19.0 -2.2 46 0 0.23 4.2 11 2019-01-24 22 -2 10.0 -11.2 55 0 T 0.2 13 2019-01-25 1 -11 -5.0 -26.3 70 0 0.05 0.6 12 2019-01-26 5 -21 -8.0 -29.3 73 0 0.07 1.5 14 2019-01-27 8 -15 -3.5 -24.9 68 0 0.10 1.3 14 2019-01-28 21 9 15.0 -6.5 50 0 0.38 4.0 17 2019-01-29 10 -16 -3.0 -24.6 68 0 T 0.2 17 2019-01-30 -13 -25 -19.0 -40.7 84 0 0.00 0.0 17 2019-01-31 -2 -31 -16.5 -38.3 81 0 0.08 1.1 16

Daily record lows continuing by a pretty wide margin. https://bsky.app/profile/climatecasino.net/post/3ldito5gmj22w Day #7 of setting a record daily low for Arctic sea-ice extent. Dec. 16, 2024: 435,000 km² below the previous daily record. December 17, 2024 at 7:26 A

More competition between La Niña and El Niño influences. Coldest Nino 3.4 dailies of the year so far. Plus another EPAC WWB last week of December. So we can understand why the models really struggle beyond 15 days. The thing to watch will be if that WPAC area of westerlies drifts eastward later in the winter and spring. That’s the type of thing which could initiate an oceanic kelvin wave leading to El Niño. If that doesn’t happen then the La Niña cooling next winter could be even stronger than we are seeing now. So an interesting period coming up for clues what the next few years may look like.

This has been one of the least snowy starts to a new decade that we have seen through the halfway point. The one thing that sets this one apart is that it’s easily the warmest. So for both warmth and lack of snow this is in 1st place so far. While we can see the 1950s decades was off to a similarly slow start, this decade so far is warmer. The early 50s were drier so there was less precipitation contributing to the lower totals. We have been wetter in the 2020s so a greater percentage of our total precipitation is falling as rain than in the 1950s. Monthly Total Snowfall for NY CITY CENTRAL PARK, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Mean 0.0 T 2.6 4.4 7.1 0.1 T 14.2 2019-2020 0.0 0.0 2.5 2.3 T T T 4.8 2020-2021 0.0 0.0 10.5 2.1 26.0 T 0.0 38.6 2021-2022 0.0 T 0.2 15.3 2.0 0.4 0.0 17.9 2022-2023 0.0 0.0 T T 2.2 0.1 0.0 2.3 2023-2024 0.0 T T 2.3 5.2 T 0.0 7.5 Monthly Total Snowfall for NY CITY CENTRAL PARK, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Mean 0.6 0.9 8.3 12.7 16.6 1.7 T 40.8 2009-2010 0.0 0.0 12.4 2.1 36.9 T 0.0 51.4 2010-2011 0.0 T 20.1 36.0 4.8 1.0 T 61.9 2011-2012 2.9 0.0 0.0 4.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 7.4 2012-2013 0.0 4.7 0.4 1.5 12.2 7.3 0.0 26.1 2013-2014 0.0 T 8.6 19.7 29.0 0.1 T 57.4 Monthly Total Snowfall for NY CITY CENTRAL PARK, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Mean T T 8.8 8.7 8.3 2.5 1.0 29.3 1999-2000 0.0 0.0 T 9.5 5.2 0.4 1.2 16.3 2000-2001 T 0.0 13.4 8.3 9.5 3.8 0.0 35.0 2001-2002 0.0 0.0 T 3.5 T T T 3.5 2002-2003 T T 11.0 4.7 26.1 3.5 4.0 49.3 2003-2004 0.0 0.0 19.8 17.3 0.7 4.8 0.0 42.6 Monthly Total Snowfall for NY CITY CENTRAL PARK, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Mean 0.0 0.9 3.3 5.0 9.8 6.5 0.1 25.8 1989-1990 0.0 4.7 1.4 1.8 1.8 3.1 0.6 13.4 1990-1991 0.0 0.0 7.2 8.4 9.1 0.2 0.0 24.9 1991-1992 0.0 T 0.7 1.5 1.0 9.4 T 12.6 1992-1993 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.5 10.7 11.9 0.0 24.5 1993-1994 0.0 T 6.9 12.0 26.4 8.1 0.0 53.4 Monthly Total Snowfall for NY CITY CENTRAL PARK, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Mean T T 2.6 7.1 5.0 5.2 2.1 21.9 1979-1980 T 0.0 3.5 2.0 2.7 4.6 T 12.8 1980-1981 0.0 T 2.8 8.0 T 8.6 0.0 19.4 1981-1982 0.0 0.0 2.1 11.8 0.4 0.7 9.6 24.6 1982-1983 0.0 0.0 3.0 1.9 21.5 T 0.8 27.2 1983-1984 0.0 T 1.6 11.7 0.2 11.9 0.0 25.4 Monthly Total Snowfall for NY CITY CENTRAL PARK, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Mean T T 2.4 6.4 6.9 2.2 0.1 18.1 1969-1970 0.0 T 6.8 8.4 6.4 4.0 T 25.6 1970-1971 0.0 0.0 2.4 11.4 T 1.3 0.4 15.5 1971-1972 0.0 T T 2.8 17.8 2.3 T 22.9 1972-1973 T T T 1.8 0.8 0.2 T 2.8 1973-1974 0.0 0.0 2.8 7.8 9.4 3.2 0.3 23.5 Monthly Total Snowfall for NY CITY CENTRAL PARK, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Mean T 0.1 11.6 7.7 9.5 5.7 T 34.6 1959-1960 0.0 0.5 15.8 2.5 1.9 18.5 0.0 39.2 1960-1961 T 0.0 18.6 16.7 18.2 1.2 T 54.7 1961-1962 0.0 T 7.7 0.6 9.6 0.2 T 18.1 1962-1963 T T 4.5 5.3 3.7 2.8 T 16.3 1963-1964 0.0 T 11.3 13.3 14.1 6.0 T 44.7 Monthly Total Snowfall for NY CITY CENTRAL PARK, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Mean 0.1 0.9 3.2 4.9 2.8 2.5 0.4 14.8 1949-1950 0.0 0.5 1.3 0.4 8.5 1.4 1.9 14.0 1950-1951 0.0 T 3.8 0.9 1.9 2.7 0.0 9.3 1951-1952 0.0 T 3.3 6.2 2.8 7.4 0.0 19.7 1952-1953 0.5 1.7 7.5 4.1 0.4 0.9 T 15.1 1953-1954 0.0 2.2 T 12.7 0.5 0.1 0.3 15.8 Monthly Mean Avg Temperature for NY CITY CENTRAL PARK, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Mean 40.9 36.9 38.6 38.8 2019-2020 38.3 39.1 40.1 39.2 2020-2021 39.2 34.8 34.2 36.1 2021-2022 43.8 30.3 37.3 37.1 2022-2023 38.5 43.5 41.1 41.0 2023-2024 44.6 37.0 40.1 40.6 Monthly Mean Avg Temperature for NY CITY CENTRAL PARK, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Mean 38.4 32.6 35.1 35.4 2009-2010 35.9 32.5 33.1 33.8 2010-2011 32.8 29.7 36.0 32.8 2011-2012 43.3 37.3 40.9 40.5 2012-2013 41.5 35.1 33.9 36.8 2013-2014 38.5 28.6 31.6 32.9 Monthly Mean Avg Temperature for NY CITY CENTRAL PARK, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Mean 37.7 31.4 35.8 35.0 1999-2000 39.9 31.3 37.3 36.2 2000-2001 31.1 33.6 35.9 33.5 2001-2002 44.1 39.9 40.6 41.5 2002-2003 36.0 27.5 30.1 31.2 2003-2004 37.6 24.7 35.0 32.4 Monthly Mean Avg Temperature for NY CITY CENTRAL PARK, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Mean 36.6 34.8 35.5 35.6 1989-1990 25.9 41.4 39.7 35.7 1990-1991 42.6 34.9 39.9 39.1 1991-1992 39.6 35.7 36.3 37.2 1992-1993 37.9 36.3 30.8 35.0 1993-1994 37.3 25.5 30.6 31.1 Monthly Mean Avg Temperature for NY CITY CENTRAL PARK, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Mean 37.6 30.1 36.6 34.8 1979-1980 41.1 33.7 31.4 35.4 1980-1981 32.4 26.2 39.3 32.6 1981-1982 36.5 26.1 35.3 32.6 1982-1983 42.7 34.5 36.4 37.9 1983-1984 35.2 29.9 40.6 35.2 Monthly Mean Avg Temperature for NY CITY CENTRAL PARK, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Mean 37.2 31.6 32.7 33.8 1969-1970 33.4 25.1 33.0 30.5 1970-1971 34.4 26.9 35.1 32.1 1971-1972 40.8 35.0 31.4 35.7 1972-1973 38.5 35.5 32.5 35.5 1973-1974 39.0 35.2 31.7 35.3 Monthly Mean Avg Temperature for NY CITY CENTRAL PARK, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Mean 33.5 32.0 33.1 32.9 1959-1960 38.4 33.9 36.3 36.2 1960-1961 30.9 27.7 36.6 31.7 1961-1962 35.5 32.6 31.8 33.3 1962-1963 31.5 30.1 28.2 29.9 1963-1964 31.2 35.6 32.8 33.2 Monthly Mean Avg Temperature for NY CITY CENTRAL PARK, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Mean 38.6 36.6 36.6 37.3 1949-1950 39.4 41.8 31.6 37.6 1950-1951 34.9 36.4 36.9 36.1 1951-1952 39.1 36.2 36.2 37.2 1952-1953 38.4 37.6 38.4 38.1 1953-1954 41.3 30.8 40.1 37.4 Monthly Total Precipitation for NY CITY CENTRAL PARK, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Mean 5.13 3.64 2.85 4.39 16.00 2019-2020 7.09 1.93 2.54 3.78 15.34 2020-2021 4.61 2.31 5.13 3.41 15.46 2021-2022 1.39 4.29 3.23 2.39 11.30 2022-2023 5.83 4.38 1.28 3.32 14.81 2023-2024 6.71 5.28 2.05 9.06 23.10 Monthly Total Precipitation for NY CITY CENTRAL PARK, NY Click column heading to sort ascending, click again to sort descending. Mean 3.88 3.33 2.61 4.87 14.70 1949-1950 2.28 2.26 4.44 2.73 11.71 1950-1951 4.32 3.31 3.05 5.62 16.30 1951-1952 4.28 4.55 1.38 4.00 14.21 1952-1953 4.12 4.90 2.37 8.76 20.15 1953-1954 4.42 1.65 1.81 3.25 11.13