SACRUS

Records: Highs: EWR: 66 (1998) NYC: 66 (1970) LGA: 66 (1970) JFK: 62 (1998) Lows: EWR: 16 (1946) NYC: 11 (1875) LGA: 17 (1976) JFK: 17 (1989) Historical: 1896 - An early season snow and ice storm struck the southeastern U.S. It produced 11 inches of snow at Charlotte NC, and six inches at Atlanta GA. (David Ludlum) 1925 - A late season hurricane caused extensive damage across the Florida peninsula, then moved off the Georgia coast crossing Cape Hatteras as a tropical storm. The storm produced whole gales along the Middle Atlantic and Southern New England coast. Winds gusted to 60 mph at Block Island RI, and reached 64 mph at Atlantic City NJ. (David Ludlum) 1940: The high temperature of 78 °F at Las Vegas, NV set the all-time warmest temperature in December. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1942: Boston, Massachusetts recorded its lowest December pressure of 28.49 inches of mercury. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1950 - A late season tornado killed four persons in Madison County and Bond County, east of St Louis MO. Three tornadoes touched down in Illinois that afternoon, compared to just half a dozen tornadoes in the month of December in 115 years of records up until that time. Thunderstorms also produced hail which caused more than four million dollars damage in the St Louis area, it was the most damaging hailstorm of record for Missouri. (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) A tornado causing F2 damage moved through Madison and Macoupin counties in Illinois. One person was killed and 3 more were injured in a car that was carried 200 yards near Mt. Olive. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1964: The first major snowstorm of the season covered parts of northwest Oklahoma with as much as 9 inches of snow through the 3rd. Most roads became snow packed and hazardous, which caused schools across the area to close for one to two days. Just south of the heavy snow area, freezing rain and sleet iced highways and bridges along a belt 100 miles wide, from southwest to northeast Oklahoma. Temperatures in the teens and 20s helped to maintain the snow cover for a week. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1968: The "Sacramento," a 250-foot fishing barge and former ferry between San Francisco and Oakland, succumb to a winter storm off Redondo Beach. 1970 - A tornado, 400 yards in width, touched down about one mile below the summit of Timpanogos Divide. Trees up to 18 inches in diameter were snapped, and some of the 38 inch snow cover was carried 1000 feet above the ground as the tornado traveled one mile. (The Weather Channel) 1974: Big snows occurred across the lower Great Lakes and Ohio Valley. One of the more remarkable amounts was 19.5 inches at Detroit, MI. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1977: High winds buffeted the Colorado Rockies. Wind gusts were clocked at 104 mph at Nederland, CO, 100 mph at Morrison, CO and 62 mph at Rocky Flats, CO. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1982 - A tornado destroyed a home four miles south of Eastwood MO. The owners were not injured in that tornado, but ironically one was killed Christmas Eve when another tornado hit the replacement mobile home on the same site. (The Weather Channel) A tremendous rainstorm in central Illinois brought 6.12 inches of rain to Springfield during a 24 hour period through the 3rd. Jacksonville, IL had 4.80 inches and Peoria, IL recorded 2.89 inches during this period. Lake Springfield rose two feet over the old record stage, flooding nearby land. $100,000 dollars damage occurred to the dam at the lake, due to the tremendous flow of water.(Ref. Wilson Wx. History) The following locations recorded their warmest December temperature on record: Fort Wayne, IN: 71 °F (the only time Fort Wayne ever reached 70° in December), South Bend, IN: 71 °F, Goshen, IN: 69 °F, Elkader, IA: 65 °F, Genoa, WI: 65 °F, Prairie du Chien, WI: 65 °F, Alma, WI: 64 °F, Dodge, WI: 64 °F, Hillsboro, WI: 64 °F, Lynxville, WI: 64 °F, Neillsville, WI: 63 °F, Trempealeau, WI: 63 °F, Viroqua, WI: 63 °F, Caledonia, MN: 62 °F and Theilman, MN: 62 °F. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1985: Richmond, Virginia had its latest freezing day of autumn on this date in 1985 when the temperature fell to 30 °F. The average first freezing day in autumn is October 29th. (1971 to 2000 average)(Ref. Richmond Weather Records KRIC) The significant snow storm from the previous day continued to effect the region, with snow totals including: Dorchester, IA: 18 inches (their greatest one-day snowfall), Hatfield, WI: 16 inches, Soldiers Grove, WI: 15 inches (their greatest one-day snowfall), Sparta, WI: 15 inches, Viroqua, WI: 15 inches (2.2 inches liquid equivalent, their wettest December day), Waukon, IA: 14 inches (their greatest one-day snowfall), La Crescent, MN: 13 inches, Preston, MN: 12.5 inches, Owen, WI: 11 inches (their greatest one-day snowfall, Dodge, WI: 11 inches, Goodrich, WI: 11 inches, Mather, WI: 10 inches, Fayette, IA: 8.5 inches. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 - A powerful storm over the Gulf of Alaska continued to produced high winds and heavy rain along the northern and central Pacific coast. Winds gusted to 80 mph south of Port Orford OR, Stevens Pass WA was blanketed with sixteen inches of snow, and Blue Canyon CA was soaked with 1.63 inches of rain. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1988 - Squalls in the Great Lakes Region produced ten inches of snow at Union City, PA. Gale force winds gusted to 55 mph at Buffalo NY. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 - Squalls produced heavy snow in the Great Lakes Region. Totals in Upper Michigan ranged up to 20 inches at Ironwood. Heavy snow and high winds caused 150 auto accidents in Michigan, resulting in sixteen deaths and 22 injuries. Strong northwesterly winds gusted to 73 mph at Johnstown PA, and Lowville PA received 20 inches of snow in 36 hours. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1999: Severe thunderstorms produced three tornadoes in central Oklahoma. Two tornadoes occurred in Logan County near Guthrie, and one tornado touched down near Perry, in Noble County. The tornadoes damaged trees, power poles, barns, outbuildings, and one of them unroofed homes near Guthrie. The December tornado event capped off a record year for tornadoes in Oklahoma, as 145 twisters were observed. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2001: A strong winter storm dropped 50 inches of snow at Gin Flat, CA in 34 hours and 31 inches of snow at Big Flat, CA in 20 hours. Yosemite Valley, CA recorded 7 inches of snow in just 10 hours. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2005: Over the east-central North Atlantic, Epsilon reached hurricane intensity with maximum sustained winds of 80 mph. Hurricane force winds persisted for five days. Epsilon is only the sixth December hurricane ever recorded in the Atlantic Basin. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History)

33/25 clouds - storm today with 0.5 - 0.75 LE / rain. Colder overall the next 10 days with the coldest days Dec 5, 7-9 of this next stretch with sub freezing days possible throughout the areas. Next batch of mix/rain with the system this Saturday - otherwise a cold weekend. Longer range looks to remain overall (bias below normal) slight moderation towards the 12th before next trough and surge of cold air.

Nov: EWR: +0.4 (1.89) JFK: -0.3 (1.80) NYC: -0.8 (2.09) LGA: -1.1 (1.91)

Records: Highs: EWR: 72 (2006) NYC: 70 (2006) LGA: 71 (2006) JFK: 68 (2001) Lows: EWR: 15 (1976) NYC: 8 (1875) LGA: 19 (1976) JFK: 18 (1967) Historical: 1831 - The coldest December of record in the northeastern U.S. commenced. Temperatures in New York City averaged 22 degrees, with just four days above freezing, and at Burlington VT the temperature never did get above freezing. The Erie Canal was closed the first day of December, and remained closed the entire month. (David Ludlum) 1896 - The temperature at Kipp, MT, rose 30 degrees in just seven minutes, and 80 degrees in a matter of a few hours. A thirty-inch snow cover was melted in half a day. (The Weather Channel) 1913 - A six day front range snowstorm began. It produced a record total of 46 inches at Denver CO. (David Ludlum) 1925: An extremely rare late November hurricane began to affect the west coast of Florida as it strengthened during the day. The storm made landfall very early on this date south of Tampa Bay, weakened to a tropical storm as it crossed central Florida, and exited around St. Augustine. The storm regained Hurricane strength off Jacksonville later in the day. Heavy rain continued over northeast Florida on the 2nd. Gale force winds were reported from the Keys to Jacksonville and over 50 people lost their lives, mostly on ships at sea. Damage along the coast south of Jacksonville was heavy and excessive rain and wind seriously damaged citrus and truck crops. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1962: An upper level ridge over the Ohio Valley brought record high temperatures from the northern Plains, Midwest to the Ohio Valley and New York. The following locations reported their warmest December temperatures: Hatfield, WI: 64 °F, Decorah, IA: 63 °F and Charles City, IA: 62 °F. See other daily record high temperatures for the date included on reference link: (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1964: On this date through the 2nd, a severe windstorm hit the Canadian Maritimes packing winds gusting to 100 mph. Three fishing vessels and 23 lives were lost. Total damage due to high seas, wind and flooding was estimated at over $1 million dollars. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1966: (1st-2nd) Helped by a Lake Erie temperature of 45 degrees, lake-effect snows deposited 55 inches in Mayville and 60 inches in Copenhagen, NY. Amazing snowfall rates on 2nd in Copenhagen: 6 inches/hour for 30 minutes, then 12 inches/hour between 2-3 p.m. today. Visibility reduced to 50 feet. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 1970: Four tornadoes impacted east-central Wisconsin during the morning hours. The strongest tornado, an F3, formed at 10:15 AM near Medina in Outagamie County. The twister moved northeast at 50 mph and destroyed twenty barns and five houses. 1978: A small tornado cut a path 6 miles long near Zephyrhills, FL. Three mobile homes were destroyed and 17 others were damaged. Five brooder houses were also destroyed, resulting in the death of about 3,000 chickens. A powerful winter storm began to produce heavy snows across mainly the Nebraska panhandle. By the time it ended the next day, Bridgeport, NE reported 15 inches and Scottsbluff, NE reported 11.5 inches. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1982: 6.6 Inches snow in Washington, DC is only above average snow for December in the last 12 years. (Ref. Washington Weather Records KDCA) 1985 - A storm produced more than six inches of snow from the Northern and Central Plains to parts of Michigan, with 36.4 inches reported at Marquette MI. Many roads were blocked by snow. A family was stranded for 25 hours south of Colome SD. Drifts twelve feet high were reported in north central Nebraska. (The Weather Channel) 1987 - A powerful storm hit the northwestern U.S. Winds gusted to 80 mph at Cape Disappointment WA, and reached 94 mph at Cape Blanco OR. Thunderstorms in western Washington State produced wind gusts to 60 mph, and dime size hail at Hoquiam. Stevens Pass, in the Cascade Mountains of Washington, received seven inches of snow during the morning hours. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 - Squalls in the Great Lakes Region produced up to a foot of snow in Ashtabula County OH, up to ten inches in Erie County PA, and up to a foot of snow in western New York State. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1989 - Heavy snow blanketed the mountains of New Mexico, with 12 inches reported at the Angel Fire Ski Basin. Strong northerly winds ushering cold air into the north central U.S. gusted to 55 mph at Devils Lake ND. Low pressure over the Gulf of Alaska produced wind gusts to 69 mph at Kodiak Island. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 2002 - Heavy lake effect snow fell downwind of the U.S. Great Lakes. Buffalo, New York reported 16 inches of snow, with thundersnow reported late in the afternoon. While the eastern U.S. experienced much colder than normal temperatures on December 1, much of Alaska was basking in above average warmth. Many daily temperature records were set across this region through the beginning of the month. 2006: A winter storm produced more than 6 inches of snow along a 1,000-mile-long path from central Oklahoma to northern Michigan from November 30-December 1st. The storm also produced significant freezing rain, which impacted the St. Louis area. An estimated 500 or more homes and businesses were without power in the St. Louis area after this storm. 2007 - During December 1-3, a powerful storm with hurricane force winds struck the Northwest U.S. The storm brought heavy rain and wind gusts over 100 mph, with the highest reading being 129 mph at Bay City, OR. The strong winds brought power lines down, and the heavy rain caused widespread flooding and triggered landslides (BBC News). According to reports, 8 fatalities were attributed to the storm and about 37,000 homes and businesses were left without power in Washington, Oregon, and northern California. President Bush declared a federal disaster in several counties in Washington and Oregon to provide recovery assistance (Associated Press). 2011 - Wind speeds as high as 102 MPH were measured in Centerville, Utah and surrounding cities. Damage was reported throughout Weber and Davis counties ranging from South Ogden down to Bountiful. More than 400 trees were down at the Davis Golf course alone due to the winds. Up to 54,000 residences were without power throughout the day and into the evening. Train service between Layton and Salt Lake City was suspended due to damaged train stations, debris on the train tracks, and power outages. Cleanup costs totaled $8 million in Centerville alone. No injuries were reported from the wind, but a number of injuries were reported from those helping with the cleanup effort.

37 / 24 mainly clear. Dec opening cold and continuing at least the first 7 - 10 days. Overall colder to much below normal through the 11th (at least). Trough into the east with deeper cold Dec 4 - 9th. Perhaps one sub freezing day even to the coast on Fri/Sat. Would be surprised to not get above normal Dec snowfall this month.

Just about 0.19 here still lighy drizzle/rain

Records: Highs: EWR: 71 (1991) NYC: 70 (1991) LGA: 70 (1991) JFK: 64 (2005) Lows: EWR: 16 (1976) NYC: 5 (1875) LGA: 18 (1976) JFK: 19 (1976) Historical: 1875 - A severe early season cold wave set November records in the northeastern U.S. The temperature dipped to 5 above zero at New York City, 2 below at Boston MA, and 13 below at Eastport ME. (David Ludlum) 1896: The southern Plains and upper Midwest was experiencing a brutally severe cold wave. Pokagama Dam, MN dropped to -43°. Daily record lows for the date included: Havre, MT: -30°, Grand Forks, ND: -25°, Williston, ND: -24°, Fargo, ND: -24°, Bismarck, ND: -21°, Duluth, MN: -20°, Lander, WY: -19°, Huron, SD: -17°, Valentine, NE: -15°, Sioux Falls, SD: -12°, Pueblo, CO: -10°, Minneapolis, MN: -10°, Norfolk, NE: -10°, Scottsbluff, NE: -10°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1898: Boston, Massachusetts on the 30th had the greatest snow depth for November of 16 inches. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1925:An extremely rare late November hurricane began to affect the west coast of Florida as it strengthened during the day. The storm made landfall very early on December 1st south of Tampa Bay, weakened to a tropical storm as it crossed central Florida, and exited around St. Augustine. The storm regained Hurricane strength off Jacksonville late on the 1st. Heavy rain continued over northeast Florida on the 2nd. Gale force winds were reported from the Keys to Jacksonville and over 50 people lost their lives, mostly on ships at sea. Damage along the coast south of Jacksonville was heavy and excessive rain and wind seriously damaged citrus and truck crops. 1929: Lowest minimum temperature for Washington, DC in November (11°)(Ref. Washington Weather Records) Richmond, Virginia had a high temperature for the day of 24 °F making it the coldest November day on record (records since 1897).(Ref. Richmond Weather Records) 1957 - Lee slope winds enhanced by Hurricane Nina gusted to 82 mph at Honolulu, Hawaii, a record wind gust for that location. Wainiha, on the island of Kauai, was deluged with 20.42 inches of rain, and 35 foot waves pounded some Kauai beaches, even though the eye of the hurricane was never within 120 miles of the islands. (30th-1st) (The Weather Channel) 1963: Boston, Massachusetts on the 29th and 30th had a southerly storm that created high waves and abnormal storm surge tides (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1964: An upper level trough and arctic surface high pressure brought extreme cold to the Plains and Midwest. Locations reporting record low November temperatures included: Minneapolis, MN: -17°, Blair, WI: -8°, Minneapolis, MN: -3° and St. Louis, MO: 1°. Other daily record lows included: International Falls, MN: -27°, Aberdeen, SD: -27°, Bismarck, ND: -25°, Duluth, MN: -23°, Huron, SD: -21°, Sioux Falls, SD: -17°, Norfolk, NE: -15°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1967 - A record November snowstorm struck the Washington D.C. area. It produced up to a foot of snow in a 12 hour period. (David Ludlum) 1967: Record Nov. snowstorm: 6.9 ins. at DCA, 8.4 inches at BWI, 11.4 ins. at Dulles. A record November snowstorm struck the Washington, DC area. It produced up to a foot of snow in a 12-hour period. (David Ludlum) 1970: High winds blasted the Colorado Rockies into the eastern Plains. A wind gust of 112 mph was recorded at the National Center for Atmospheric Research and 96 mph at the National Bureau of Standards in Boulder, CO. Downtown Boulder recorded a gust to 76 mph. The high winds caused widespread property damage; including roofs, signs, trees and power lines. Blowing dust reduced visibility to near zero across most of eastern Colorado. Several mobile homes, campers and semis were blown off the highway north of Denver. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1976 - MacLeod Harbor, AK, reported a precipitation total for November of 70.99 inches, which established a state record for any month of the year. (The National Weather Summary) One of the coldest Novembers on record ended with a blast of arctic air that dropped low temperatures well below zero across the northern Plains to below freezing all the way to the Gulf Coast. Locations reporting their all-time November record lows included: Jump River, WI: -31°, Medford, WI: -19° and Necedah, WI: -19°. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1981: This was the driest November at National Airport. 0.29 inches, Dulles 0.24 inches; BWI lowest min. for Nov. 30, 1929 was (11 °F). (Ref. Washington Weather Records - KDCA) A major winter storm rocked eastern sections of South Dakota and northern Iowa through December 1st. The storm began as rain and then changed to freezing rain and sleet before becoming all snow. Winds gusted to over 50 mph producing blizzard conditions. Snow accumulations in southeast South Dakota were generally 8 to 12 inches with 4 to 8 inches across northwest Iowa. In portions of north central Iowa a heavy build-up of ice from the freezing rain combined with strong winds CAUSING POWER LINES TO BOUNCE 4 TO 6 FEET SNAPPING LINES and breaking insulators resulting in numerous power outages. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1985: Freezing rain and thunder-snow affected many portions of Oklahoma. Winter storm warnings, severe thunderstorm warnings, and tornado watches were all issued for portions of southern Oklahoma, with golf ball size hail reported in Duncan at a temperature of 33°. This day was also known as the DAY OF THE ICE BOWL , as the Oklahoma Sooners and Oklahoma State University played each other in Stillwater, on a virtual skating rink at Lewis Field. Further north 5 to 12 inches of snow fell across parts of Minnesota and Wisconsin. Local amounts included: Ontario, WI: 11 inches, Hokah, MN: 8 inches and Austin, MN: 6 inches. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 - Showers produced heavy rain in the northeastern U.S. Up to three inches of rain drenched the Brandywine Creek Basin of Pennsylvania, and rainfall totals in Vermont ranged up to two inches at Dorsett. Snow fell heavily across Upper Michigan as gale force winds prevailed over Lake Superior. A storm moving into the northwestern U.S. produced gale force winds along the northern and central Pacific coast. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 - Snow in the Upper Great Lakes Region pushed the precipitation total for the month at Marquette, MI, past their previous November record of 7.67 inches. Santa Anna winds in southern California gusted to 75 mph at Laguna Peak. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 - Squalls produced heavy snow in the Lower Great Lakes Region, with 15 inches reported at Chaffee, NY, and at Barnes Corners NY. Tropical Storm Karen drenched parts of Cuba with heavy rain. Punta Del Este reported fourteen inches of rain in 24 hours. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1991: The total snowfall for Minneapolis/St Paul, MN for this month was 46.9 inches, making November 1991 the snowiest November on record. The old record was 30.4 inches set in 1983. The 46.9 inches for the month broke an even bigger record as this total was the greatest monthly snowfall of any month. The old all-time monthly snowfall record was 46.4 inches for January 1982. To put this in perspective, the total snowfall for the season so far, since October, was 55.1 inches. The normal total for the entire winter season is 49.2 inches. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1992: The 1988 record didn't last long as 146 tornadoes were reported across the U.S. to set a new November record. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1996: A winter storm dumped 4 to 10 inches of snow over northwest Oklahoma. The next day, skies were sunny, and temperatures across most of the state warmed up into the lower 50s. However, temperatures across the snow covered areas only warmed into the upper 30s. Butler reached 52, while 27 miles to the northwest, Putnam struggled to reach 39. This is a typical example of how the effects of snow cover can result in drastic temperature differences over short distances. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2006: Widespread freezing rain and sleet affected many locations in central Illinois west of I-57, changing to snow overnight and into the morning of December 1st. Eight counties reported heavy sleet ranging in depth from a half to 2.2 inches. The heaviest snow occurred along and west of the Illinois River, where snow amounts were 8 to 18 inches. Areas east of the Illinois River, especially along the I-55 corridor, had snow amounts ranging from 3 to 8 inches on top of the ice and sleet. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2009: The Richmond International Airport November rainfall was 9.60 inches and breaks the previous wettest November record of 7.64 inches set in 1959. (112 years of records) Richmond, Virginia Climate Extremes updated for 2010

36 / 28 clouds and some light rain showers to the west. Nov will end on a cold note and push much of the location below normal with some near or slightly above. Overall colder period the next 10 days with the first storm threat looking to target areas N+W with mix/snow and mix to rain here. Next weekend Dec 5-6 should see the next threat as trough deepens. Very cold air to our north and west comes in waves of very - much below normal day or two. Brunt of the cold stays into the GL/NE.

Records: Highs: EWR: 70 (1990) NYC: 69 (1990) LGA: 69 (1990) JFK: 64 (2017) Low: EWR: 15 (1955) NYC: 14 (1875) LGA: 17 (1955) JFK: 25 (1989) Historical: 1835: -11 °F below zero at Ft. Snelling, MN. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1896 - The mercury plunged to 51 degrees below zero at Havre, MT. It marked the culmination of a two week long cold wave caused by a stagnate high pressure area similar to those over Siberia during the winter. During the month of November temperatures across Montana and the Dakotas averaged 15 to 25 degrees below normal. (David Ludlum) 1898: Boston, Massachusetts on the 27th and 29th had 12 inches of snow the greatest 24 hour total for the month of November. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) (Ref. Wilson Wx. Additional Info.) 1921: The Worcester, MA area was especially hit by a major three day ice storm that affected central New England. Trees and wires were downed over a wide area. Millions of dollars in damage resulted. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1930: Cold wave 14° at 2416 M St. N.W. in Washington, DC with 15° recorded on the 28th - (Washington Weather Records - KDCA) The low temperature of 10 °F is the lowest ever recorded in Richmond, VA in November and also occurred on November 16th 1933.(Ref. Richmond Weather Records KRIC ) 1963: Coastal storm with a 29.04 barometer and 1.55 inches of rain at KDCA and NW winds to 33 mph. (Ref. Washington Weather Records - KDCA) 1966: High winds struck the Chicago, IL area producing extensive damage. Winds gusted to 55 mph along the Lake Front and 48 mph at Midway Airport. The Lake Front was the hardest hit with waves up to 13 feet high. Low lying areas were inundated and property damage was extensive. A newly constructed home along the Lake Front was demolished at Long Beach, IN. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1969 - Dense fog along the Jersey Turnpike resulted in a chain reaction of vehicle collisions during the morning rush hour. A propane truck jacknifed and was struck by a trailor truck, and other vehicles piled into the fiery mass. (David Ludlum) 1975 - Red River was buried under 34 inches of snow in 24 hours, establishing a record for the state of New Mexico. (The Weather Channel) This was also a day for record temperatures. Some record lows were set from the Rockies to the West Coast. Fresno, CA dipped to 26° establishing their coldest temperature on record for November. Other daily record lows included: Butte, MT: -22°, Cut Bank, MT: -21°, Lewistown, MT: -11°, Casper, WY: -10°, Billings, MT: -5°, Reno, NV: 5°, Grand Junction, CO: 5°, Olympia, WA: 14°, Idyllwild, CA: 16°, Palomar Mountain, CA: 17°, Stockton, CA: 26°, Los Angeles (LAX), CA: 41° and Downtown Los Angeles, CA: 41°-Tied. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1985 - The temperature at Bismarck, ND, plunged to 30 degrees below zero to establish their record low for the month of November. The high that day was 4 degrees below zero. (The Weather Channel) In contrast, an upper level ridge brought record highs to parts of the southeast including: Tampa, FL: 85°-Tied, Wilmington, NC: 83°, Charleston, SC: 82° and Savannah, GA: 82°-Tied. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 - Snow blanketed the Upper Mississippi Valley, with heavy snow reported near Lake Superior. Up to ten inches of snow was reported in Douglas County and Bayfield County of Wisconsin. Brule WI received nine inches of snow. Heavy rain soaked the Middle Atlantic Coast States, while gale force winds lashed the coastline. Flooding was reported in Maryland and Virginia. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1988 - Nine inches of snow at Alta UT brought their total for the month to 164 inches, surpassing their previous November record of 144 inches. Snowbird UT, also in the Little Cottonwood Valley, surpassed their November record of 118 inches of snow. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 - Strong Santa Ana winds diminished over southern California, but record cold was reported in some of the California valleys, with readings of 27 degrees at Redding and 31 degrees at Bakersfield. Gale force winds, gusting to 44 mph at Milwuakee WI, produced snow squalls in the Great Lakes Region. Sault Ste Marie MI finished the month of November with a record 46.8 inches of snow. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1991:A tornado struck southeast Springfield, Missouri, causing F4 damage. Shortly after touchdown, the tornado reached F3 intensity, approximately 3 miles north of the town of Nixa. While crossing Highway 65, the tornado picked up a truck and dropped it onto a frontage road, killing one passenger and injuring ten others. The tornado intensified to F4 strength as it moved through the Woodbridge and Natural Bridge Estates subdivisions where 15 homes were destroyed. Altogether, two people were killed and 64 others were injured. 1998: A strong upper level ridge and surface high pressure brought record warm temperatures ahead of a cold front from the Midwest & southern Plains to the Mid-Atlantic States. The morning low in Rochester, MN of 54° was actually higher than the previous record high for the date. The temperature reached a record high of 62°. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2006: An upper level trough across the Rockies brought record low temperatures for the date including: West Yellowstone, MT: -26, White Sulfur Springs, MT: -22, Bozeman, MT: -18, Boulder, MT: -18, Ennis, MT: -18, Dillon, MT: -16, Townsend, MT: -14, Stanford, MT: -13, Livingston, MT: -12 and Virginia City, MT: -11. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2009: Western Texas Panhandle: Snow falls in the western Texas Panhandle with Nazareth covered by 4.0 inches and 3.0 inches just southwest of Amarillo, Texas. (Ref. WxDoctor)

35 / 20 off a low of 28. Clear and cold but dry, winds calmer - cold day but not bad for putting the christmas lights up. Overall cold but Tue/Wed looks wet (as much discussed) Trough digigng into the east per euro deep - Gfs a bit less - but cold none the less, especially Dec 4-7.

Records: Highs: EWR: 72 (2011) NYC: 70 (2011) LGA: 68 (1990) JFK: 66 (2001) Lows: EWR: 16 (1932) NYC: 15 (1930) LGA: 21 (1951) JFK: 21 (1996) Historical: 1796: It is so cold that the freezing of the ink on the point of my pen renders it difficult to write. (Monticello - Thomas Jefferson to Thomas Mann Randolph) (Jefferson's Garden Book page 252 by Edwin Morris Betts) 1905: A Great Lakes storm produced winds at Duluth, MN of over 60 mph for more than 12 hours. Sailors aboard a ship which went aground just 100 yards offshore in Lake Superior actually froze to death. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1921 - New England was in the midst of a four day icestorm, their worst of record. Ice was more than three inches thick in many places following the storm, and property damage was in the millions of dollars. Northern New England received heavy snow with more than two feet reported in some areas. Overnight freezing rains continued through the day at Worcester MA while the wind increased to a gale. Streets become impassable even on foot, and whole towns were plunged into darkness without communication. The storm caused 20 million dollars damage to power lines, telephone lines and trees. (David Ludlum) Up to 4 inches freezing rain on E half of MA. Approx 2 tons of ice on wires between some telegraph poles; 2,700 poles fell on 1 railroad in the 60 miles W of Boston. In Worcester 50 feet high pine trees held 5 tons of ice; some deaths due to falling trees/ice. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 1932: Boston, Massachusetts recorded its highest November pressure of 30.87 inches of mercury. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1955: A bitterly cold arctic air gripped areas from the southern Plains to the Great Lakes. The high temperature at Lansing was only 15° (a record low maximum), after a morning low of 6°. Meanwhile, a foot of lake effect snow piled up at Muskegon, MI. Other locations reporting record lows included: Green Bay, WI: -3°, Houghton Lake, MI: 0°, Marquette, MI: 0°, Toledo, OH: 6°, Muskegon, MI: 7°, Grand Rapids, MI: 7°-Tied, Youngstown, OH: 7°-Tied, Cleveland, OH: 8°, Detroit, MI: 8°, Springfield, MO: 10°, Evansville, IN: 12°, Paducah, KY: 13°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1960 - A severe storm produced waves 20 to 40 feet high on Lake Superior. Duluth, MN, was buried under a foot of snow, and clocked wind gusts to 73 mph. The northern shore of Lake Superior was flooded, and property along the shore was battered. Thousands of cords of pulpwood were washed into Lake Superior, and up to three feet of water flooded the main street of Grand Marais. Thunder accompanied the nor'easter . (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) 1975: The first winter storm of season was a heavy one across southern California ending the next day. Up to two feet of snow fell in the San Bernardino Mountains, including 16 inches at Big Bear Lake. 20 stranded campers were rescued after a few days. 12 inches of snow fell in Idyllwild, tying their greatest daily snowfall on record for November (11/10/1982). (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1978: A jockey at a horse racing track in Miami, FL was killed by lightning as he ran for cover after a race. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 - Low pressure in the Middle Mississippi Valley produced a mixture of snow and sleet and freezing rain from the Central Plains to the Upper Mississippi Valley. Snowfall totals in Iowa ranged up to ten inches at Red Oak. Totals in Nebraska ranged up to 11 inches at Shickley. Freezing rain made roads treacherous in the Twin Cities area of southeastern Minnesota. Bitter cold arctic air invaded the Northern High Plains Region. Laramie WY was the cold spot in the nation with a morning low of 18 degrees below zero. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 - Thunderstorms spawned five tornadoes in North Carolina during the early morning hours. A powerful tornado ripped through one of the most densely populated areas of Raleigh destroying hundreds of homes and damaging thousands more. The tornado killed four persons along its 83 mile track, and injured 154 others. Total damage was estimated at more than 77 million dollars. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1989 - Strong Santa Ana winds prevailed across southern California. Winds gusted to 70 mph at the Rialto Airport, and several tractor- trailer trucks were overturned east of Los Angeles. High winds also buffeted the northeastern U.S., ushering arctic air into the region. Winds gusted to 60 mph at Montpelier VT, and reached 66 mph at Saint Albans VT. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 2005: 26th - 28th November, Great Falls, Montana Great Falls experiences its heaviest snowstorm on record with a three-day total of 18.1 inches. 24.9 inches of snow for the month made it the snowiest November on record. (Ref. WxDoctor) 2006: A slow moving storm system brought heavy snow to the mountains and the Eastern Foothills of Colorado where snowfall totals ranges from 8 to 18 inches. Some of the higher totals included: 18 inches at Genesee, 17.5 inches near Boulder, 17 inches at Aspen Springs, 15 inches at Eldorado Springs, 14.5 inches near Jamestown, 12 inches near Indian Hills, 11.5 inches near Blackhawk, 11 inches at Gross Reservoir & Eldora and 10.5 inches at Conifer. Across the Denver Metro area 5 to 9 inches fell with the heaviest amounts near the Foothills. Higher storms totals included: 15.5 inches at Ken Caryl, 12 inches at Boulder, 7.5 inches near Morrison and 7 inches near Chatfield and Ralston Reservoirs. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History)

37 / 19 mainly clear - windy today. Overall colder than normal with brief warmups and several systems/storms through the next 2 weeks (12/13). Some very below normal temps during the perioded netting a strong negative departure and potential snow/mixes.

Records: HIghs: EWR: 67 (1960) NYC: 72 (1896) LGA: 65 (2015) JFK: 63 (2020) Lows: EWR: 12 (1932) NYC: 12 (1932) LGA: 23 (1949) JFK: 23 (1949) Historical: 1701:Anders Celsius, the astronomer who invented the Celsius, often called the centigrade thermometer scale was born on this date. 1883 - Fire engines were called out in New York City and New Haven, CT, as a result of the afterglow of the sunset due to vivid red ash from the Krakatoa Volcano explosion in August. (The Weather Channel) 1898 - The Portland storm raged across New England producing gale force winds along the coast and heavy snow inland. A foot of snow blanketed Boston MA, and 27 inches fell at New London CT. Winds at Boston gusted to 72 mph, and wind gusts to 98 mph were estimated at Block Island RI. A passenger ship, the S. S. Portland, sank off Cape Cod with the loss of all 191 persons aboard, and Boston Harbor was filled with wrecked ships. The storm wrecked 56 vessels resulting in a total of 456 casualties. (26th- 28th) (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) 1912: Northern Florida on November 27th and 28th : The only recorded November occurrence of snowfall in northern Florida. Traces of snow are reported in Blounstown, Tallahassee, Marianna and Mt. Pleasant measured 0.5 inches (1.2 cm). (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1919: Very cold air covered areas from the northern Plains, Rockies to the West Coast. Cheyenne, WY recorded a high of -4° which still remains the earliest day of the season that the temperature remained below zero. Some record low temperatures for the date included: Grand Forks, ND: -16°, Clayton, NM: -1° and Medford, OR: 13°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1938: The second heavy snowfall to hit the Northeast in three days dropped a foot in parts of New Jersey and 14 inches in parts of New York. The snow in New England was the heaviest November snowfall since the Portland Storm of 1898. Philadelphia, PA reported 6.9 inches of snow, their greatest snow for any November day. 4.3 inches on the 25th and 7.2 inches from the 26th through this date brought the total of 11 inches on the ground in Philly. Washington, DC set a daily snowfall record with 6.8 inches on the 25th. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1977: Canadian high pressure brought scattered record lows from the Lakes to North Carolina while high pressure over Idaho generated offshore winds in southern California bringing some record highs. Sparta, WI fell to -18°, their coldest November temperature. Other record lows included: Grand Rapids, MI: 5°, Muskegon, MI: 5°-Tied, Bristol, TN: 15° and Raleigh, NC: 19°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1983: The barometer dropped to 28.17 inches over the Netherlands as an intense area of low pressure moved in from Ireland and England. The reading is the country's lowest pressure on record. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1985: Cold hits northern Minnesota. 30 below zero at Crookston, MN. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1987 - Wet weather prevailed across much of the nation east of the Rockies. Sunny and cool weather prevailed in the western U.S. Snow fell in the central U.S., with totals in Kansas ranging up to six inches at Burr Oak. Much of the area from central Oklahoma to southwestern Minnesota experienced its first snow of the winter season. (The National Weather Summary) 1988 - Snow and high winds created blizzard conditions in Minnesota. Winds gusted to 63 mph at Windom, and snowfall totals ranged up to 14 inches at Aitkin. Snow drifts seven feet high closed many roads. Fargo ND reported a wind chill reading of 34 degrees below zero. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 - A storm system crossing the north central U.S. spread snow across the Dakotas and Minnesota. Heavy snow fell in western South Dakota, with 18 inches reported at Galena. Strong winds associated with the storm gusted to 50 mph in the Great Lakes Region and the Great Plains, with blowing dust reported in Kansas. Thunderstorms associated with the same storm system produced damaging winds in Michigan, Ohio and Indiana during the evening, with gusts to 73 mph reported east of Ypsilante MI. Unseasonably warm weather prevailed ahead of the cold front. Twenty-three cities from the Gulf coast to the Ohio Valley and the Mid Mississippi Valley reported record high temperatures for the date, including Saint Louis MO with a reading of 76 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1990: Indian summer heat over Eastern half of U.S. set over 70 records broken over 2 days. (Ref. Wilson Wx. - Has many additional temperature records.) 1993: Barcroft Hills Weather Center in a 20-hour rain had a total of 4.95 inches on 27th & 28th, which set a new 20-year record. (Ref. Annandale Weather Records) 1994: Chicago, IL received a trace of snow making this their latest date for the first snow of the season. Their normal first snow occurs on October 30th. High pressure brought chilly weather to southern California. Bishop, CA tied their daily record low with 9° and Long Beach, CA set a new record low with 38°. Shreveport, LA tied their record high with 82°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1995: A major winter storm lashed the southern two thirds of Wisconsin with thunder, heavy snow of 6 to 14 inches between Milwaukee and Madison, sleet, freezing rain, strong gusty winds, and near-blizzard whiteout conditions. Preceding the snow over southern Wisconsin there was a two to six hour period of sleet and/or freezing rain which glazed road surfaces. This was a dangerous storm which was forecasted two days in advance. The path of the responsible low pressure was from northern Missouri to southern Ontario, Canada. Some snowfall locations in Wisconsin included: Lone Rock: 11 inches, Richland Center: 10 inches, Owen: 8 inches, Mondovi: 7 inches and Viroqua: 6 inches. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2001: A powerful winter storm, the first of the season, dumped between 3 and 8 inches of snow across portions of central and southwest Oklahoma. Isolated reports of up to 10 inches were reported across western north Texas. By the next day, Lawton, OK had 6 inches on the ground, while Munday, TX had accumulated 14 inches. A few locations across North Carolina reported record high temperatures for the date including: Charlotte, NC: 77°, Greensboro, NC: 74°-Tied and Asheville, NC: 72°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) (26th-27th) A convective snow band stayed almost stationary for approx. 12 hours today over parts of Central MN into West Central WI; many snowstorm totals > 20 inches. Willmar, MN was buried under 30.4 inches of snow. 20 inches of the total fell in a 24-hr period, thus setting its 24-hr record. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 2005 - A major winter storm affected parts of Nebraska and the Dakotas during the 27th-28th. Snowfall accumulations of 16-20 inches were observed in parts of eastern South Dakota, while wind gusts exceeding 60 mph also accompanied the snow, creating blizzard conditions. Thousands of power outages were caused by the combination of strong winds and heavy snow. In South Dakota, about 8,000 utility poles and 10,000 miles of transmission line were brought down by the storm (Associated Press).

45 / 22 clouds slicing NW-NJ with partly cloudy sotheast of there. Cooler/colder next 5- 7 days overall and a few storms/systems (Sunday / Tuesday) to see how they evolve. Overall a back and forth beyond there likely weighted below normal.

Low level clouds stubborn but up to 59.