SACRUS

Today's Highs: LGA: 89 JFK: 88 EWR: 87 TEB: 87 PHL: 87 BLM: 86 New Brnswck: 86 TTN: 86 ACY: 86 ISP: 85 NYC: 82

Just ran the top analogs through GPT for listing comparions with / based off this updated info Table 1 — Current ENSO Snapshot Metric Latest Reading Period Signal ENSO Status El Niño Advisory July 2026 El Niño underway and strengthening Niño 3.4 Weekly +2.0°C Latest weekly update Strong El Niño territory Niño 3.4 Monthly +1.44°C June 2026 Strong monthly warm anomaly Niño 3 Monthly +1.71°C June 2026 Strong eastern-central Pacific warming Niño 1+2 Monthly +2.82°C June 2026 Very strong far-eastern Pacific warming Niño 4 Monthly +1.22°C June 2026 Basinwide support MEI.v2 +1.52 May-June 2026 Strong coupled El Niño signal SOI -2.40 June 2026 Strong atmospheric El Niño response Table 2 — Closest SOI Analogs Rank Year June SOI May-June SOI Avg Match Level Why It Supports the Ranking 1 1997 -2.30 -2.25 Very High Very close to 2026’s June SOI of -2.40 and strong negative atmospheric coupling 2 1972 -0.90 -1.75 High Strong May-June negative SOI, similar developing El Niño atmosphere 3 1982 -1.70 -1.15 High Strong June negative SOI during major El Niño onset 4 2015 -0.90 -1.05 High Clearly negative SOI with strong coupled El Niño development 5 1991 -0.20 -0.95 Moderate Negative May-June atmospheric signal, but weaker than 2026 6 1994 -0.70 -0.90 Moderate Negative SOI, but structure less similar 7 2002 -0.40 -0.90 Moderate Developing El Niño with weaker SOI support 8 2023 +0.40 -0.65 Moderate May was strongly negative, but June rebounded positive 9 1957 +0.30 -0.40 Lower-Moderate Some early negative signal, but June not close 10 1965 -0.90 -0.30 Lower-Moderate June negative, but May-June average weaker 11 2009 +0.20 0.00 Lower Not strongly coupled by June 12 1986 +1.60 +0.60 Lower Ocean warming developed later; SOI was not yet similar Table 3 — Closest MEI Analogs Rank Year Apr-May MEI May-June MEI June-July MEI Match Level Notes 1 1997 +0.71 +2.34 +2.27 Closest Explosive transition into strongly coupled El Niño 2 2015 +0.95 +1.90 +1.79 Very Close Strong early-summer coupled signal 3 1982 -0.11 +0.63 +1.65 Close Major El Niño onset; coupling surged after June 4 2023 -0.06 +0.43 +0.51 Moderate-Close Similar cool-to-warm transition, but weaker than 2026 5 2002 -0.14 +0.34 +0.43 Moderate Developing El Niño, weaker coupling 6 1991 +0.36 +0.97 +0.91 Moderate Solid coupling, but different SST structure 7 1994 -0.02 +0.26 +0.96 Lower-Moderate Coupled later, more central-Pacific leaning 8 1986 -0.26 +0.02 +0.41 Lower-Moderate Slower-developing event 9 2009 -0.72 -0.05 +0.56 Lower Not strongly coupled by May-June 10 1972 N/A N/A N/A N/A Pre-1979 MEI.v2 direct data unavailable 11 1957 N/A N/A N/A N/A Pre-1979 MEI.v2 direct data unavailable 12 1965 N/A N/A N/A N/A Pre-1979 MEI.v2 direct data unavailable Current 2026 +0.27 +1.52 N/A Baseline Strong May-June coupled El Niño signal Table 4 — SST Region Analog Ranking Rank Year Apr Niño 3.4 May Niño 3.4 June Niño 3.4 Latest Niño 3.4 Overall SST Match 1 1997 +0.16 +0.64 +1.09 Strongly rising Best full-pattern match; rapid warming like 2026 2 2015 +0.70 +0.92 +1.18 Strongly rising Strong basinwide El Niño match 3 1982 +0.21 +0.45 +0.53 Strongly rising later Major analog, but June Niño 3.4 was weaker than 2026 4 2023 +0.14 +0.46 +0.84 Rising Good transition analog, but less coupled than 2026 5 1972 +0.07 +0.38 +0.45 Rising Classic east-Pacific developing El Niño 6 1957 +0.41 +0.62 +0.63 Rising Developing El Niño, but weaker June warming 7 2002 +0.02 +0.31 +0.72 Rising Good warming trend, weaker than 2026 8 1965 -0.44 +0.06 +0.36 Rising later Early-stage warming, weaker overall 9 1991 +0.19 +0.26 +0.52 Rising Moderate warm development 10 1994 +0.26 +0.31 +0.32 Modest warming Warm but weaker and less similar 11 2009 -0.35 +0.06 +0.31 Rising later Weaker early-summer event 12 1986 -0.33 -0.53 -0.31 Rising later Later-developing event; not close by June Current 2026 +0.29 +0.90 +1.44 +2.0 Baseline; rapid strengthening into strong El Niño territory Optional Add-On — Current 3 SST Areas Key to El Niño Region Latest / Recent Value Why It Matters Niño 3.4 +2.0°C latest weekly / +1.44°C June monthly Main ENSO-monitoring region; now in strong El Niño territory on the latest weekly reading Niño 3 +1.71°C June monthly Shows strong eastern-central Pacific warming Niño 1+2 +2.82°C June monthly Very strong far-eastern Pacific warming; supports east-weighted structure Niño 4 +1.22°C June monthly Shows the warmth is not only coastal/eastern, but also basinwide

Up to 86 and about another 30 - 90 mins before more clouds and isolated showers come advancing east

Records: Highs: EWR: 105 (1993) NYC: 102 (1993) LGA: 99 (1993) JFK: 100 (1993) Lows: EWR: 58 (2009) NYC: 55 (1890) LGA: 60 (1953) JFK: 58 (2009) Historical: 1776: A strong gale played a role in a battle between the Royal Governor of Virginia, Dunmore, and General Lewis of the rebel forces. The royal fleet had been injured prior to the storm by General Lewis' forces and was sailing from Gwynn's Island toward St. George's Island, in the Potomac. The British crew was without water and enduring smallpox when the gale struck. A flour-laden supply ship ran aground. One ships foundered at the Mouth of the Rappahannock, while another was stranded on the Eastern shore (Shomette). The H.M.S. Otter, the Governor's ship, was rescuing another ship in distress. They were rescued just in time. After loading the distressed ship's cargo, the ship sunk. The governor later left Virginia for good on August 5th. Many ships in the area suffered damage to their rigging, sails, and anchors. Two vessels were driven ashore in St. Mary's county (Shomette). (Ref. Hurricane of 1776) 1911: The mercury hit 105 degrees at North Bridgton, Maine the hottest reading of record for Maine. North Bridgton also reached 105 degrees on the 4th of July in 1911. 1913 - The mercury hit 134 degrees at Greenland Ranch in Death Valley, CA, the hottest reading of record for the North American continent. Sandstorm conditions accompanied the heat. The high the previous day was 129 degrees, following a morning low of 93 degrees. (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) 1926 - A lightning bolt struck an ammunition magazine in northern New Jersey, and a big red ball of fire leaped into the air triggering a series of explosions. All buildings within a half mile radius were destroyed, and debris fell as far as twenty-two miles away. Sixteen persons were killed, and property damage was seventy million dollars. (David Ludlum) 1936 - Afternoon highs of 112 degrees at Martinsburg, WV, 109 degrees at Cumberland, MD, and Frederick, MD, 110 degrees at Runyon, NJ, and 111 degrees at Phoenixville, PA, established all-time record highs for those four states. It was the hottest day of record for the Middle Atlantic Coast Region. (The Weather Channel) 1955: On July 10th Boston had severe thunderstorms producing the highest 1 hour precipitation total of 2.10 inches. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1959: Yuma, AZ reached 118°, the hottest reading during an extended heat wave that saw temperatures rise to over 100° for an entire month. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1974: Central Ohio--One person was killed and another injured by a lightning strike on a golf course in Morrow County. Tequesta, Palm Beach County, Fla.--Two employees of the Tequesta Water Company were struck by lightning while working on a water meter at a private residence. One was killed and the other knocked unconscious. Western Pennsylvania--One man was killed by lightning while cleaning up mud on a road; another died of a heart attack.(Ref. Lightning-The Underrated Killer.pdf) 1975: Manassas, VA a nine-year-old girl playing under a tree is struck and killed by lightning. (Ref. Lightning - Virginia Weather History) 1975: Baltimore, MD picked up 4.66 inches of rain in 24 hours. 1979 - The temperature at El Paso, TX, hit 112 degrees, an all-time record for that location. The next day was 110 degrees. (The Weather Channel) 1980 - The temperature in downtown Kansas City, MO, hit 109 degrees, following a sultry overnight low of 89 degrees. The daily low of 89 degrees was the warmest of record for Kansas City, and overall it was the hottest July day of record. It was the seventh of a record seventeen consecutive days of 100 degree heat, and the mean temperature for the month of 90.2 degrees was also an all-time record for Kansas City. 1984: An F2 tornado touched down in the Dellwood subdivision along Castle Rock Lake, WI. A total of 59 homes were hit and 14 were destroyed. More than 2,000 trees were downed. Winds from the accompanying thunderstorm also flattened a potato warehouse 12 miles north of Friendship. An F1 tornado touched down south of Decorah, IA and wrought significant damage to more than one farmstead. The storm turned a 40,000 bushel grain bin inside out and wrapped it around a chicken house. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 - An early morning thunderstorm in Minnesota produced wind gusts to 91 mph at Waseca. Later that day, thunderstorms in South Dakota produced wind gusts to 81 mph at Ipswitch, and baseball size hail near Hayes and Capa. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 - Thunderstorms brought welcome rains to parts of the central U.S., but produced severe weather along the New England coast, in the Great Lakes Region, in North Carolina, and in the Southern Plateau Region. Strong thunderstorm winds gusting to 80 mph at Bullfrog, UT, sank three boats on Lake Powell. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1989 - Severe thunderstorms spawned seventeen tornadoes in the northeastern U.S. A powerful (F-4) tornado struck Hamden CT and New Haven, CT, causing 100 million dollars damage at Hamden, and another 20 million dollars damage around New Haven. Forty persons were injured in the tornado. Seventy persons were injured in a tornado which traveled from Watertown, CT, to Waterbury, CT, and another powerful (F-4) tornado touched down near Ames NY injuring twenty persons along its 43.5 mile track. It was the strongest tornado of record for eastern New York State. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1993: Seven inches of rain fell in one hour at Adrian, MN. During normal summers, such incredible downpours might cause flash flooding, but not widespread river flooding. But during the spring and summer of 1993, such events were commonplace and the resulting flooding was catastrophic. 1993: more record heat occurred across the east. Record highs included: Newark, NJ: 105°, NYC-Central Park, NY: 102°, Atlantic City, NY: 101°, NYC-Kennedy, NY: 100°, Providence, RI: 100°, Wilmington, NC: 100°, NYC-LaGuardia, NY: 99°, Dulles Airport, VA: 99°, Raleigh, NC: 99°, Portland, ME: 98°, Concord, NH: 98° and Islip, NY: 98°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2000: Thunderstorms brought heavy rain and strong winds to northeast Illinois, during the early morning hours. Flash flooding occurred in parts of La Salle, De Kalb, Kendall and Kankakee Counties, where rainfall of 4 to 7 inches was reported. Nearly 15,000 people were without power for 12 hours. Flooding ripped up 50 feet of pavement in downtown Kankakee. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2004: Kodiak, Alaska: The daily high ties the highest July temperature for Kodiak: 82°F. (Ref. WxDoctor) 2005: Although Dennis re-intensified into a Category 4 hurricane with winds of 145 mph early on July 10 over the eastern Gulf of Mexico, it weakened to Category 3 strength before making landfall over the western Florida Panhandle near Navarre Beach late that day. Dennis degenerated to a low pressure area over the Tennessee and Ohio Valleys, and it was eventually absorbed by an extratropical low over southeastern Canada on July 18. Dennis' Storm Track and other info.- NOAA.Gov.-N.H.C. 2005 - Hurricane Dennis landed near Pensacola, Florida as a category 3 storm. Maximum sustained winds at the time of landfall were near 120 mph. There were nine hurricane-related fatalities in the U.S. and preliminary estimates of insured losses ranged from $1 to $1.5 billion. 2009: More like a sizzling hot day in a desert location, instead of NW OK. Nonetheless, with highs of 115 degrees, Freedom broke its all-time record. On this record-setting day, Buffalo heated to 90 degrees by 6:00 a.m. and 107 by 11:00 a.m. (Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA)

78 / 72 partly clear. Mid 80s to low 90s in the hottest locations - where stay the clearest and driest. Storms into approaching CPA should reach the area between 2 - 6 pm or some isolated sooner. Saturday / Sunday looking mainly good but Saturday could see some storms in the PM is well before we enter a drier / warmer period 7/ 13 and beyond. Ridge out west peaks Mon - Wed , more western heat comes in 2-3 day intervals before EC ridging towards the 23rd. 7/10 - 7/11 : Warm / humid scattered storms 7/12 - 7/13: Dry - near - below normal - great days 7/14 - 7/16 : Western heat comes east mid - upper 90s, some 100 degree readings possible NJ-PHL area 7/17 - 7/22 : Near normal (warmest part of year = 85 - 90 type weather) 7/23 - beyond : Warmer - hot , heat perists into the east

Today's Highs: LGA: 89 EWR: 86 ACY: 86 TEB: 85 New Brnswck: 84 BLM: 83 JFK: 82 ISP: 82 NYC: 82 PHL: 81 TTN: 81

Records: Highs: EWR: 104 (1993) NYC: 106 (1936) LGA: 98 (1993) JFK: 101 (1993) Lows: EWR: 56 (1963) NYC: 54 (1963) NYC: 57 (1963) JFK: 55 (1963) Historical: 1860 - A hot blast of air in the middle of a sweltering summer pushed the mercury up to 115 degrees at Fort Scott and Lawrence, KS. (David Ludlum) 1876: The minimum temperature of 80° or above on the 9th and 10th were the warmest two consecutive nights ever in Washington, DC.(Ref. Washington Weather Records - KDCA) 1882 - Ice formed on the streets of Cheyenne, WY, during a rare summer freeze. (David Ludlum) 1936 - The temperature hit an all-time record high of 106 degrees at the Central Park Observatory in New York City, a record which lasted until LaGuardia Airport hit 107 degrees on July 3rd in 1966. (The Weather Channel) 1938: A deadly, estimated F4 tornado moved east-southeast across the eastern edge of Andover, SD to north of Bristol, SD. 17 buildings were destroyed at Andover, and at least one home was completely swept away. An elderly person was killed at the western edge of Andover and a couple died in a home at the southern edge of town. About two hours later, another estimated F4 tornado moved east-northeast from two miles northeast of White, South Dakota in Brookings County to Hendricks, MN. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1968 - Columbus, MS received 15.68 inches of rain in 24 hours to establish a record for the state. (The Weather Channel) 1979: Hurricane Bob was born in the Gulf of Mexico, becoming the first Atlantic Hurricane to be given a male name. 1982: Wind shear caused the crash of Pam Am flight 759 after takeoff from New Orleans International Airport in Louisiana. 145 people on the plane and 8 people on the ground were killed. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 - Thunderstorms produced severe weather in Michigan. A tornado near Munising, MI, destroyed part of a commercial dog kennel, and one of the missing dogs was later found unharmed in a tree top half a mile away. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 - Twenty-three cities in the eastern U.S. reported record high temperatures for the date. Alpena, MI, and Buffalo, NY, suffered through their sixth straight day of record heat. The percentage of total area in the country in the grips of severe to extreme drought reached 43 percent, the fourth highest total of record. The record of 61 percent occurred during the summer of 1934. (The National Weather Summary) 1989 - Morning thunderstorms produced very heavy rain in southern Lower Michigan and northern Indiana. Up to 5.6 inches of rain was reported in Berrien County, MI. Sioux Falls SD reported a record high of 108 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1992: Severe thunderstorms produced a swath of very large and damaging hail and damaging winds. Golf ball-size hail and 60 mph winds were reported on the west side of Decatur, IL with numerous roofs and automobiles damaged by the hail. Hail grew to nearly the size of baseballs by the time the storms reached the Charleston/Mattoon areas. Total damage from the storms was estimated around $5 million dollars. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1993: One of the strongest and most long-lived wind events of recorded history in the Midwest pounded portions of Nebraska and Iowa. The wind event, called a Derecho, actually started near Goodland, KS and raced across southern Nebraska and into Iowa traveling at 60 mph. In the Omaha metro area, tree and property damage was heavy as 70 to 100 mph winds caused $7 million dollars in damage. Also in Nebraska, power line damage alone totaled $30 million dollars and total property damage was estimated near $100 million dollars. This wind storm even spawned a tornado in the city of Lincoln, NE causing damage to the north end of town. As the derecho moved into southwest Iowa, 13 high-tension power line poles were downed on the east side of Council Bluffs. Winds continued in the 85 mph range as far as east as Fremont County, Iowa before finally subsiding in the central part of the Hawkeye State. 11 inches of rain fell overnight in Scranton, IA. Much of the downtown of Davenport, IA was under water as the Great Flood of 1993 raged on. 1993" record daily high temperatures were set at: Newark, NJ: 104°, NYC-Kennedy Airport, NY: 101°, Greensboro, NC: 101°, Atlantic City, NY: 100°, Wallops Island, VA: 100°, Dulles Airport, VA: 99°, NYC-LaGuardia, NY: 98°, Concord, NH: 95° and Islip, NY: 93°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2003: A new July maximum temperature record was set as Anchorage, AK hit 84°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History)

76 / 68 partly - mostly cloudy with some showers and storms isolated into E PA and southern areas. In / out of the clouds - warm mid 80s with some scattered storms in the pm and evening. Similar but warmer Friday and with enough clearing, 90 i the hottest locals. The weekend looks mainly dry but still some isolated storms possible Sat. The western ridge is building the the NE trough lifts out - heat pushes east towards the 14th and beyond with overall warm - hot in the period, and next shot at widespread strong (95+) heat 7/14 - 7/16.

Today's Highs: EWR: 89 TEB: 88 New BrnswcK: 87 LGA: 87 PHL: 86 BLM: 85 NYC: 85 TTN: 84 ACY: 84 JFK: 81 ISP: 80

Records: Highs: EWR: 105 (1993) NYC: 100 (1993) LGA: 99 (1994) JFK: 97 (1971) Lows: EWR: 56 (1948) NYC: 56 (1894) LGA: 60 (1984) JFK: 59 (2018) Historical: 1680: The first confirmed tornado death in the United States occurred in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The funnel was filled with, stones, bushes, and other things. The tornado also unroofed a barn and snapped many large trees. Year: Today is one of just two days in the late Spring and Summer season (May through August) that hail has not officially been recorded at Cheyenne, WY. The only other day in that time period is August 21st. (Ref. Wilson - Additional Temperatures Listed On This Link) 1788: Hail piled up to a depth of 34 inches at Canterbury, CT. The melting ice caused significant flooding. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1816 - Frost was reported in low places throughout New England. (David Ludlum) 1886: Sleepy Eye, Minnesota: Nearly every home in the small community are moved off its foundation by the severe thunderstorms which come in the night. Across Swift and Brown Counties, the storms produce high winds and intense hail. (Ref. WxDoctor) 1916: The remnants of the July 5th hurricane that struck the Gulf Coast drifted north and east near Birmingham, AL. The Magic City received 8.84 inches of rain in 24 hours, which is their all-time record. Another hurricane would make landfall near Pensacola, FL later in the month and dump more heavy rain on Birmingham, where the monthly rainfall total reached 20.16 inches, a monthly record that still stands. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1936: The greatest heat wave on record gets underway across Michigan. Grand Rapids saw high temperatures at or above 100° on six of the next seven days, including an all-time record high of 108° on the 13th. Lansing, MI maximum temperature was 101° on the 14th. Temperatures soared to 105° at Toronto, Ontario Canada on three consecutive days through the 10th. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1950 - The town of York, NE, was deluged with 13.15 inches of rain in 24 hours to establish a state record. (The Weather Channel) 1975 - Three people were killed and six others were injured when lightning struck a walnut tree near Mayo, FL. The nine people were stringing tobacco under a tin shed when the bolt hit the nearby tree. (The Weather Channel) 1984: Cool Canadian air settled in across the Great Lakes region. Many record low temperatures were set including: Alpena, MI: 38°, Youngstown, OH: 44°, Muskegon, MI: 45°, Cleveland, OH: 45°, Detroit, MI: 45°, Pittsburgh, PA: 45°, Grand Rapids, MI: 46°, South Bend, IN: 47°, Buffalo, NY: 47°, Chicago, IL: 48°, Columbus, OH: 49°, Dayton, OH: 49°, Erie, PA: 50°, Indianapolis, IN: 51° and Cincinnati, OH: 51°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 - Thunderstorms in the central U.S. produced wind gusts to 90 mph at Waterloo, IA, 6.38 inches of rain at Tescott, KS, and twenty-five minutes of ping-pong ball size hail at Drummond, OK. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 - Thirty cities in the north central and northeastern U.S. reported record high temperatures for the date. Beckley, WV, equalled their all-time record with a high of 93 degrees. Afternoon and evening thunderstorms spawned seven tornadoes in Adams and Logan counties of eastern Colorado, and hail caused 2.3 million dollars damage in Adams, Logan and Washington counties. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 - Sixteen cities in the central and western U.S. reported record high temperatures for the date. The high of 103 degrees at Denver, CO, equalled their record for July, and a 110 degree reading at Rapid City, SD, equalled their all-time record high. Denver reported a record five straight days of 100 degree heat, and Scottsbluff, NE, reported a record eight days in a row of 100 degree weather. (The National Weather Summary) 1991: DCA high temperature was 97° - severe thunderstorms with winds to 62 mph; 0.95 rain in only 15 minutes and one-inch hail in parts of Northern Virginia. (Ref. Washington Weather Records - KDCA) 1992: Severe thunderstorms produced a very long downburst at Concordia, KS. Peak one minute sustained winds reached 108 mph at Concordia Airport and exceeded 60 mph for over 20 minutes. Six people were injured and damage was estimated at $25 million dollars. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1993: New record high temperature was recorded at DCA of 100° and a minimum of 78°. The old record was 98° set in 1890. (Ref. Washington Weather Records - KDCA) 1993: Iowa: A wild weather night in the middle of the Great Flood of 1993 across Iowa as the State records its 37th day of rain in the last 40 days. Many tornado sightings reported. Manilla, Iowa records 7.5 inches of rain; 7.83 inches in Jefferson. Massive flooding rocked portions of eastern South Dakota. Residents were cleaning up from tremendous flooding which occurred from July 3rd to July 7th. Flash flooding resulted from thunderstorms which moved across southeast South Dakota dumping 3 to 6 inch rains on already saturated ground. (Ref. WxDoctor) (Ref. More Information on This Storm) 1999: One of the worst flash flood events in Las Vegas, NV history occurred on this date damaging roads and buildings, sweeping away vehicles and bringing the entire city almost to a standstill from late morning through late afternoon. Thunderstorms formed over the elevated west side of the valley and began dumping heavy rain between 10 and 11 AM PDT. The storms slowly drifted to the east producing rainfall amounts over 1.5 inches across a substantial part of the metro area and some localized amounts topping 3 inches. Electricity was knocked out for a few hours to 2,500 customers and some gas lines were broken by the force of the water. An estimated $25 million dollars in damage occurred to both public and private property. On July 20th, President Clinton declared the event a federal disaster. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2003: What may be the world's highest dew point temperature was recorded at Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, in the Persian Gulf. A dew point of 95 degrees was recorded at 3 PM while the air temperature was 108 degrees. The apparent temperature at that time would have been 172 degrees. 2006: In Tonopah, Nevada a man and his son stepped out of their pickup truck to check the tires. Lightning struck, killing the boy and throwing the father to the ground. The boy's mother and sister were in the pickup and were not hurt. (Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2007 Accord Publishing, USA) 2008: A strong microburst produced straight line wind damage in the Hurricane Deck and Osage Beach areas of Camden County in central Missouri. The winds were estimated at 80 to 90 mph and did extensive damage to docks and boats in the area. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2009: A tornado passed through the city of Dickinson, ND, on the far south side, mainly just south of the Heart River. From their eye witness accounts, and from video obtained by the Dickinson Police Department, it is likely that this was a rain-wrapped tornado, and very difficult if not impossible to see. The tornado occurred before sunset, yet it was described as being as dark as night during the event. Over 450 structures were damaged, of which nearly 100 were declared completely destroyed or beyond repair. Numerous vehicles were damaged or destroyed, some were on their roofs. From that it was determined that peak wind speeds in the tornado were on the order of 150 mph. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History)

72 / 62 with most the area cleared out, we've turned the corner from sunday night 7/5 - 7/7 hung up front, into a gorgeous early July day sunny, ;ow - mid 80s. While we have scattered storms each of the next two days Thu / Fri, both should have much of the day dry / sunny and warm, with Friday a chance at 90 with enough sun in the warmest locations. The weekend looks mainly dry and great (perhaps some scattered storms Saturday night). The trough staarts to lift out with the expanding western heat pushing into the area by the 14th. The period 7/14 and beyond warmer with next heat surge.

never easy to clear this type of setup out, low level clouds always linger longer, but much more sun breaking through.

Records: Highs: EWR: 103 (1993) NYC: 100 (2010) LGA: 101 (2010) JFK: 100 (2010) Lows: EWR: 57 (1940) NYC: 56 (1914) LGA: 59 (1972) JFK: 56 (1965) Historical: 1892: Record high barometer of 30.52 inches was observed in Washington, DC. (Ref. Washington Weather Records - KDCA) 1892: Boston, Massachusetts recorded its highest pressure 30.51 inches of mercury for the month of July. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1905: The mercury soared to 127 degrees at Parker, Arizona to tie the state record established at Fort Mohave on the 15th of June in 1896. The current record for Arizona is 128 degrees set in Lake Havasu City on 6-29-1994. 1915 - A severe wind and thunderstorm caused heavy damage and 38 deaths in and near Cincinnati, OH. Many older buildings were demolished. The steamship Dick Fulton was overturned. (The Weather Channel) 1947: The world's most substantial cloudburst delivered 8.10 inches of rain in just 20 min. This event took place in Curtea-de-Arges, Romania.(Extreme Weather p. 121, by Christopher C. Burt) 1974: Shields, ND --a man was struck and killed by lightning while working in a hayfield. (Ref. Lightning-The Underrated Killer.pdf) 1981 - Montana was in the midst of a snowstorm that dumped ten inches at Glacier National Park, and produced winds to 90 mph. Meanwhile, Denver, CO, set a record high with a reading of 101 degrees. (The Weather Channel) 1984: A 90 foot excursion boat carrying employees of the SCI Corporation on an outing capsized during a severe thunderstorm on the Tennessee River near Huntsville, AL, killing 11 people. The disaster was caused by a microburst. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 - Thunderstorms spawned eight tornadoes in Colorado, and three in West Texas. Thunderstorms also produced softball size hail at Bula, TX. In the midst of a record thirty-nine day string of 100 degree days, the temperature at Tucson, AZ, dipped to 66 degrees, marking their third straight record low for the date. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 - Thirty-eight cities in the north central and northeastern U.S. reported record low temperatures for the date. Youngstown, OH, hit 100 degrees, and for the second day in a row, Flint, MI, reached 101 degrees, equalling all-time records for those two cities. (The National Weather Summary) 1989 - Thunderstorms produced severe weather during the day, with more than 100 reports of large hail and damaging winds from Ohio to Massachusetts and New Hampshire. Thunderstorm winds reached 90 mph in Sullivan County, NH, and golf ball size hail was reported in Pennsylvania. Twenty-four cities, mostly in the southwestern U.S., reported record high temperatures for the date. Afternoon highs of 105 degrees at Cedar City, UT, and 114 degrees at Moab, UT, were all-time records for those locations. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1991: During the early daylight hours of Sunday, July 7, 1991, a bow echo developed over southeast South Dakota and began racing east, producing very damaging winds. This bow echo was the start of a long-lived derecho that lasted 17 hours and affected areas from the Great Plains into western New York and Pennsylvania. Wind gusts in some places reached 80 to 100 mph. The strongest gust, 103 mph, was measured at Sioux Center, Iowa around mid-morning, and the roof of a school was blown off in nearby Orange City. 1991: July 7-8, 1991..."The Southern Great Lakes Derecho of 1991" States that were affected --- ....SD, IA, MN, WI, MI, IN, OH, ON, NY, PA Tornadoes struck across southern Lower Michigan. More damage occurred near Okemos in Ingham County and a home and some outbuildings were damaged as a tornado moved northeast of Rockford in Kent County. A tornado also briefly touched down northwest of Plainwell in Allegan County but did no damage. Overall, $30 million dollars in damage resulted with wind gusts over 85 mph. Over 850,000 people were without electricity following the storms; some for up to a week.(Ref. For More Information) 1993: The day after lightning started several fires, strong non-thunderstorm winds blew across much of northern Oklahoma. Winds gusted to 70 mph and lasted for several hours. A 1,200 pound bale of hay was rolled a quarter mile by the winds that also blew down many trees. Highway 51, near Hennessey, was closed until the downed trees could be cleaned up. When clusters of thunderstorms collapse and dissipate rapidly, they sometimes produce a downburst of very warm air, called a "heat burst ". A collapsing thunderstorm in the northeast part of the Texas Panhandle produced a heat burst that reached Arnett and Gage, OK just before midnight. Winds gusted to 67 mph at Arnett, as the temperature rose from 82° to 97° in 30 minutes. At Gage, the wind gusted to 70 mph, while the temperature rose from 85° to 102° in one hour. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2010: BWI recorded record high temperatures on 4 days: 6th (105 °F), 7th (101 °F), 24th (101 °F) and 25th (100 °F). DCA soared to a record 102 °F on the 7th and 101 °F on the 24th. Ref. July PRESTO Page 1

65 / 64 NNE wind. Cloudy , misty , with some spotty showers, 15 more hours of the muck before we clear out Wed. The Wed - Fri period is warmer but still unsettled with storms Thu, Fri afternoon / evenings with another 1 - 2 inches of rain in localized areas where the storms form. Wednesday is the dry day and looking very nice low - mid 80s. Warmer Thu/Fri depending when the clouds and thunderstorms arrive will be mid 80s - low 90s / humid, enough sun may produce a mid 90s. By the weekend the western ridge is rapidly expanding and while we remain in the trough it appears an overall near - slightly below normal but drier period 7/11 - 7/14, warming by the 14th and beyond as the western heat expands east .

Records: Highs: EWR: 103 (2010) NYC: 103 (2010) LGA: 103 (2010) JFK: 101 (2010) New Brnswck: 103 (1999) Lows: EWR: 54 (1979) NYC: 53 (1979) LGA: 56 (1979) JFK: 56 (1979) New Brnswck: 48 (1979) Historical: 1879: Boston, MA recorded its lowest temperature of 50 °F for the month of July. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1893 - A violent tornado killed 71 persons on its forty-mile track across northwestern Iowa. Forty-nine persons were killed around Pomeroy, where eighty percent of the buildings were destroyed, with most leveled to the ground. Photos showed most of the town without a wall or tree left standing. (The Weather Channel) 1928: A seven-inch hailstone weighing 1.5 pounds fell in Potter Nebraska. With a circumference of 17 inches, this appeared to be the largest hailstone in the world at that time. 1928 - A hailstorm at Potter, NE, produced a stone which was 5.5 inches in diameter, and seventeen inches in circumference, weighing a pound and a half. (David Ludlum) 1936: The temperature at Moorhead, MN, soared to 114 °F to establish a new state record and the temperature at Steel, ND, soared to 121 °F to establish a new state record (Ref. Lowest and Highest Temperatures for the 50 States) 1972: Unusually strong Canadian high pressure pushed a cold front into the central Gulf of Mexico bringing record chill to the central states. Richland Center, WI and St. Louis, MO set July record lows of 38° and 51° respectively. Other daily records: Lansing, MI: 39°, Detroit, MI: 42°, Columbus, OH: 43°, Toledo, OH: 43°, Dayton, OH: 44°, Springfield, MO: 44°, Peoria, IL: 48°, Springfield, IL: 48°,Lexington, KY: 49 °F. (Ref. Additional Temperatures Listed On This Link) 1977: RIC The Highest temperature ever recorded for July was 105 °F which has occurred on two other dates. (Ref. Richmond Weather Records - KRIC) 1978: Severe thunderstorms developed over eastern South Dakota during the afternoon and moved quickly to the northeast. Winds of up to 80 mph were reported and hail as big as baseballs pounded some areas. A tornado produced widespread damage to crops and personal property across Turner and Lincoln counties. Total property and crop damage from the storms was near $20 million dollars.(Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1982: A severe thunderstorm which produced extremely high winds pummeled Sioux Falls, SD. The thunderstorm produced winds of 125 mph which swept across the city causing damage in a path ten blocks wide and three miles long. The National Weather Service office at the airport reported a gust of 82 mph. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1983: Cool high pressure settled over the Great Lakes bringing record lows. The 41° at Grand Rapids, MI is the lowest ever recorded during the month of July. Chicago, IL set a daily record low with 46° and the low of 45° the next morning set the record low for July. Other daily record lows included: Ste. St. Marie, MI: 36°, Muskegon, MI: 41° and La Crosse, WI: 48°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1985 - Lightning struck a large transformer in Salt Lake County sending a 200 foot fireball into the air and blacking out almost the entire state for up to five hours. (The Weather Channel) 1986 - Thunderstorm rains during the mid morning hours, and again during the evening, produced major flash-flooding at Leavenworth, KS. The official rainfall total was 10.37 inches, but unofficial totals exceeded twelve inches. At nearby Kansas City, the rainfall total of 5.08 inches was a daily record for July. (Storm Data) 1987 - Thunderstorms produced severe weather in twenty-one states east of the Rockies, with severe weather reported in Kentucky and Indiana for the second day in a row. A thunderstorm produced more than five inches of rain in one hour near Reynolds, IL. Rochester, NY, was soaked with 3.25 inches, a record 24 hour total for the month of July. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 - Thirty-six cities in the north central and northeastern U.S. reported record high temperatures for the date. Afternoon highs of 98 degrees at International Falls, MN, and 101 degrees at Flint, MI, equalled all-time records. Highs of 96 degrees at Muskegon, MI, and 97 degrees at Buffalo, NY, were records for July. (The National Weather Summary) 1989 - Unseasonably hot weather prevailed in the southwestern U.S. Ten cities reported record high temperatures for the date, including Las Vegas, NV, with a reading of 115 degrees. Hanksville, UT, reached 112 degrees, Bullhead City, AZ, hit 120 degrees, and Death Valley, CA, soared to 126 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) 1996: The hottest July temperature ever recorded in Oklahoma City, OK is 110°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1999 : Record heat occurred across the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast. Record highs for the date included: Washington, DC: 103°, Raleigh-Durham, NC: 102°, Newark, NJ: 102°, Harrisburg, PA: 102°, Baltimore, MD: 101°, NYC-Central Park, NY: 101°, NYC-LaGuardia, NY: 101°, Salisbury, MD: 100°, Roanoke, VA: 100°, Allentown, PA: 100°, Reading, PA: 100°, Trenton, NJ: 100°, Atlantic City, NJ: 99°, NYC-Kennedy, NY: 99°, Hartford, CT: 99°, Lynchburg, VA: 98°, Philadelphia, PA: 98 °F. (Ref. Additional Temperatures Listed On This Link) 2006: From June 22nd to July 6th a total of 15.52 inches of rain occurred averaging more than one inch a day over one-half of a summer month period, amazing! (Ref. Annandale Weather Records) 2007: Death Valley, California: Death Valley reaches 129°F the fourth time it has been so hot at this site since 1913. (Ref. WxDoctor) 2009: In Twisp, WA, a couple took shelter in a car due to a thunderstorm. Lightning struck the car and blew out 2 of its tires. After the incident, the engine would not start. The couple was unhurt. (Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 2010: On the 6th, BWI soared to 105 °F; 2nd hottest day ever in Baltimore (107 °F, 7/10/36); at or above 100 °F at BWI on 5 days, most on record. BWI recorded record high temperatures on 4 days: 6th (105 °F), 7th (101 °F), 24th (101 °F) and 25th (100 °F). DCA soared to a record 102 °F on the 7th and 101 °F on the 24th. Ref. July PRESTO Page 1

71 / 70 1.12 in the buckets in the last 36 hours. Clouds, showers, heavier downpours look scattered south more / higher potential north and east - widesread. Another 40-48 hours of pretty miserable July weather before warming up (perhaps some heat in spots / steamy) drying out or the most part Wed - Fri, although showers/storms still seem possible Thu-Fri. The weekend is seemingly looking ok near normal - Ridge builds out west 7/7 - 7/14 with overall near - slightly below normal here , beyond there heat expands and pushes east to see progression back hotter after mid month.

Today's Highs: ACY: 94 PHL: 93 New Brnswck: 88 TTN: 88 JFK: 86 EWR: 85 BLM: 85 TEB: 85 NYC: 81 ISP: 81 LGA: 78

82 / 70 more sun , outside chance to extend the heatwave in places that see the most clearing

Records: Highs: EWR: 103 (1999) NYC: 101 (1999) LGA: 100 (1999) JFK: 102 (1999) New Brnswck: 100 (1999) Lows: EWR: 54 (1979) NYC: 53 (1979) LGA: 56 (1979) JFK: 56 (1979) New Brnswck: 47 (1909) Historical: 1643: A violent windstorm hit the Plymouth Colony. The "sudden gust" downed trees and killed one Native American. This may have been the first documented American tornado or microburst. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1816: In parts of New England and the Middle Atlantic, crop damage was severe and fruit trees were killed. In PA ice was found the thickness of window glass. In Savannah, Georgia the temperature dropped into the 40's on July 4th. (p. 33 Washington Weather Book 2002 by Ambrose, Henry, Weiss) 1882: A trace of snow was observed at Newton, NJ and other locations in the northeast. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1891 - Sixteen horses were killed by hail, and many more have to be put to death due to injuries from a hailstorm at Rapid City, SD. (The Weather Channel) 1900 - A spectacular three day fire began when a bolt of lightning struck a refinery in Bayonne NJ. (David Ludlum) 1905: Washington Weather Bureau Office had 2.77 inches rain in one hour, 3.33 inches in two hours and 4.01 inches in 12 hours. The storm total was 4.64 inches in Baltimore, MD (Ref. Washington Weather Records - KDCA) 1916 - A hurricane produced 82 mph winds, an 11.6 foot tide, and a barometric pressure of 28.92 inches at Mobile, AL. (David Ludlum) 1936: South Dakota recorded its hottest temperature ever with a reading of 120° at Gannvalley. This same day Sioux Falls reached 109°, their second hottest temperature on record. Three of the 4 hottest days on record in Sioux Falls occurred during the Dust Bowl summer of 1936. (Ref. Lowest and Highest Temperatures for the 50 States) 1937 - The temperature at Medicine Lake, MT, soared to 117 degrees to establish a state record. (Sandra and TI Richard Sanders - 1987) 1937 - Midale and Yellow Grass in Saskatchewan hit 113 degrees to establish an all-time record high for Canada that same day. (The Weather Channel) 1967: Canadian high pressure continued to bring record lows to parts of the upper Midwest. Daily record lows included: Duluth, MN: 36°, Rochester, MN: 42°, Rockford, IL: 43°, Asheville, NC: 46°, Bristol, TN: 48°, Richmond, VA: 52°, Knoxville, TN: 54°, Wallops Island, VA: 56°, Charlotte, NC: 57 °F. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1970: The morning low at Death Valley, CA was 103 degrees and the high that afternoon was 120 degrees. (The Weather Channel) 1972: Temperatures fell to record lows in the upper 30s and lower 40s across the Great Lakes region. The 37° at Lansing, MI was their coldest July reading of the 20th century. Other daily records included: Alpena, MI: 37°, Casper, WY: 38°, Sioux Falls, SD: 39°, Ste. St. Marie, MI: 39°, Huron, SD: 40°, Madison, WI: 40°, North Platte, NE: 42°, Topeka, KS: 43 °F.(Ref. Additional Temperatures Listed On This Link) 1970 - The morning low at Death Valley CA was 103 degrees, and the high that afternoon was 120 degrees. (The Weather Channel) 1974: Connecticut--A line of thunderstorms moved southeastward across the state. Lightning caused two deaths, one at Brookfield in Fairfield County and one at Bloomfield in Harford County. New Jersey--A line of thunderstorms moved eastward across the state in the afternoon. One man in Trenton was killed by lightning. New York City--A thunderstorm passed northeastward across the south and central sections of the city. Lightning struck three girls in Central Park, killing one and injuring two. Wilmington, Del.--A mother was killed by lightning while standing on her porch. (Ref. Lightning-The Underrated Killer.pdf) 1980: The “More Trees Down” started in western Iowa and tracked eastward affecting several states along its past before dissipating in eastern Virginia. 1987 - Severe thunderstorms raked south central Kansas for the second morning in a row. Thunderstorm winds again gusted to 80 mph at Clearwater, and in the Wichita area reached 100 mph. Twenty-five persons were injured at a trailer park at El Dorado Lake. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 - Afternoon and evening thunderstorms spawned eleven tornadoes in Montana and three in North Dakota. Baseball size hail was reported at Shonkin, MT, and wind gusts to 85 mph were reported south of Fordville, ND. Twenty cities in the north central U.S. reported record high temperatures for the date, including Fargo ND with a reading of 106 degrees. Muskegon, MI, equalled their July record with a high of 95 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 - Moisture from what once was Tropical Storm Allison triggered thunderstorms over the Middle Atlantic Coast Region, which deluged Wilmington, DE, with a record 6.83 inches of rain in 24 hours, including 6.37 inches in just six hours. Up to ten inches of rain was reported at Claymont, northeast of Wilmington. July 1989 was thus the wettest month in seventy years for Wilmington, with a total of 12.63 inches of rain. Alamosa CO reported an all-time record high of 94 degrees, and Pierre, SD, hit 113 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1994: Thunderstorms, mainly packing high winds, erupted over north central Nebraska into south central South Dakota. As the storms moved east, 60 to 70 mph winds were common across the tri-state area. In Iowa, 65 mph winds were clocked in Monona County wrecking havoc with power lines. In Crawford County, 80 mph winds broke windows out of houses and caused some barn damage southwest of Charter Oak. Winds of 75 mph also swept into Sioux County causing significant damage to buildings on a farmstead near Hawarden. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1999: July 4th and 5th ........"The Boundary Waters-Canadian Derecho" States that were affected --- ....ND, MN, ON, QB, NH, VT, ME (Ref. For More Information) 2001: International Falls, MN set a record low with 34°. 2.20 inches of rain fell in just 15 minutes at Pine Mountain, CA in Kern County. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2003: Rockford, Illinois: An early morning band of severe thunderstorms blows across Northern Illinois with peak winds reported at 104 mph. Over 80,000 people are without power for various durations after the storm. (Ref. WxDoctor) 2004: For the second day in a row a derecho, a line of thunderstorms that produces widespread damaging winds, tracked from southeast Kansas into central Missouri across the Lake of the Ozarks region. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2008: A streak of 26 consecutive days of 90°+ heat beginning on June 13th ended on this date at Denver, CO, shattering the previous record of 18 consecutive days established in 1874 & 1901. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History)

78 / 72 some breaks of sun. The strong / record heat wanes back south and a hung up boundary front remains over / nearby through Wed/Thu with 1 - 3+ inches of rain in localized areas where training rain. Mon-Tue the worst/wettest days with Wed/THu some longer breaks and perhaps stretches of sun. Wed-Fri warmup with straggler 90 in the hottest areas. Ridge in the west balloons and expands east into the plains 7/7 - 7/14 , heats pushes east. Overall warmer 7/15 - beyond with next chance of stretch of heat with core of the storngest heat west and south but approaching the area later in the month.

Today's Highs: ACY: 106\ BLM: 101 PHL: 101 New Brnswck: 100 JFK: 100 EWR: 99 TTN: 98 LGA: 97 TEB: 97 ISP: 96 NYC: 94

Today's Highs: ACY: 106\ BLM: 101 PHL: 101 New Brnswck: 100 JFK: 100 EWR: 99 TTN: 98 LGA: 97 TEB: 97 ISP: 96 NYC: 94

3rd 100 straight day