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weatherextreme

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  1. 000
    FXUS64 KFWD 042015
    AFDFWD
    
    Area Forecast Discussion
    National Weather Service Fort Worth TX
    315 PM CDT Tue Apr 4 2023
    
    ...New Long Term...
    
    .SHORT TERM... /Issued 155 PM CDT Tue Apr 4 2023/
    /Through Wednesday/
    
    This afternoon: An isolated storm or two cannot be ruled out,
    although that potential remains low. All modes of severe will be
    possible if a storm does develop.
    
    Tonight: A higher threat for severe weather will materialize.
    Once again, all modes of severe weather will be possible. The
    greatest threat will mainly be east of I-35, where the greatest
    moisture will reside.
    
    A deepening longwave trough continues to move eastward this early
    Tuesday afternoon. Strong southerly flow beneath a strong capping
    inversion is keeping partly to mostly cloudy conditions
    throughout much of the region. A few convective attempts have
    already occurred, but as expected, the stout capping inversion is
    keeping storms at bay. Latest ACARS soundings show minimal change
    to the inversion over the last several hours and generally
    correlates fairly well with the forecast soundings showing a
    stronger cap. A few showers beneath the cap continue to develop,
    but overall, the potential for any one shower to break through the
    cap is low. **IF**, however, an updraft does break the cap, large
    hail, damaging winds and a tornado will all be possible.
    
    Storm chances will briefly drop around/shortly after sunset as
    surface heating gradually wanes. The next focus for additional
    convective activity will be an incoming cold front, expected to
    arrive around midnight within our northwestern counties. The
    combination of the front and a subtle shortwave emerging out of
    Mexico will lead to the rapid blossoming of thunderstorms along
    the leading edge of the front. Steep mid-level lapse rates around
    8 C/km, high instability and effective shear around 55 knots will
    promote the development of embedded supercells capable of
    producing large hail, damaging winds and a tornado or two.
    
    As the front moves through, the thunderstorm potential will come
    to an end. Our far southeastern continues will be the last to see
    see the front, passing through closer to 8 am tomorrow morning.
  2. MD 458 graphic

     

    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
       0306 PM CDT Tue Apr 04 2023
    
       Areas affected...portions of North Texas...eastern
       Oklahoma...western Arkansas into southwestern Missouri and
       southeastern Kansas
    
       Concerning...Severe potential...Watch possible 
    
       Valid 042006Z - 042200Z
    
       Probability of Watch Issuance...40 percent
    
       SUMMARY...Thunderstorms may pose a risk initially for hail across
       portions of North TX/OK into portions of western AR. Additional
       development along the dryline is possible in eastern KS and western
       MO. Uncertainty on the exact timing and location of storm
       development is very high. Trends are being monitored for a possible
       weather watch.
    
       DISCUSSION...As of 2000 UTC, afternoon observations showed a broad
       plume of cirrus, associated with a deep western US trough,
       overspreading a warming and moistening air mass across much of the
       ArkLaTex and southern Plains. Within the broad cirrus, several CI
       attempts have been noted along and east of a confluence band ahead
       of the dryline in North TX. Surface temperatures near 80 and
       dewpoints in the upper 60s to low 70s F are supporting moderate
       instability with MLCAPE of 2000 J/kg. With the main trough lagging
       to the west, forcing for ascent is rather nebulous over much of the
       region through the afternoon. This is evident in SPC mesoanalysis
       which shows considerable inhibition still in place below a robust
       EML. Despite the inhibition, strong flow aloft is supporting long
       elongated hodographs with effective shear of 50-60 kt favorable for
       supercells with the potential for large hail. Weaker low-level shear
       may limit the initial tornado threat if supercells are able to
       mature. However as forcing increases toward the evening, a greater
       threat for tornadoes may evolve.
    
       Recent visible and radar trends show several weak, likely elevated 
       updrafts over the Red river are persisting despite the inhibition.
       As updrafts cluster and shift north, a more sustained/sustained
       storm may evolve from these initial attempts. Diurnal heating/weak
       ascent may also support additional, isolated development around the
       dryline from east/northeastern OK into eastern KS. Poor handling of
       the situation by Hi-res guidance and nebulous forcing lends low
       confidence in additional convective development and the overall
       evolution. None the less, the strongly sheared and destabilizing air
       mass appears conditionally favorable for large to very large hail
       and possibly tornadoes late this afternoon into the evening. A
       greater threat will likely evolve overnight as the main trough
       ejects eastward. Trends will be monitored or a possible weather
       watch this afternoon but uncertainty is high.
  3. 15 hours ago, Quincy said:

    Three main areas of concern:

    1. Warm sector/near the warm front from Missouri toward the Iowa/Illinois border area. Pretty good model agreement that either a cluster or perhaps just a renegade storm or two initiates. A significant severe threat would likely accompany any storms, with large CAPE, supercell wind profiles and low level hodograph enlargement.

    2. Dryline from eastern Kansas into Oklahoma. With slower trough ejection modeled, convective initiation seems unlikely. Should a storm manage to form, it would very likely be severe. I think this is the least likely of the three scenarios, especially if the model trend continues.

    3. A more widespread severe threat may materialize after dark as the trough ejects and the low level jet ramps up. We could see a broken line of storms move across eastern Kansas, along with cellular warm sector activity possible across the Ozarks. The only thing perhaps limiting this threat is that the main line of storms may grow upscale due to nearly boundary-parallel shear and pre-frontal activity is a bit more uncertain.

     

     

     

    Looks like # 3 so far

     

    DAY 2 CONVECTIVE OUTLOOK
    NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER NORMAN OK
    1255 PM CDT MON APR 03 2023

    VALID 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EASTERN
    IOWA INTO NORTHWEST ILLINOIS...AND FROM SOUTHERN MISSOURI
    SOUTHWESTWARD TOWARD THE ARKLATEX....

    ..SUMMARY

    A LARGE AREA OF SEVERE POTENTIAL WILL EXIST FROM TUESDAY AFTERNOON
    INTO WEDNESDAY MORNING, FROM EASTERN PORTIONS OF THE PLAINS INTO THE
    MISSOURI AND MID/UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEYS. STRONG TORNADOES AND
    PARTICULARLY DAMAGING WINDS ARE EXPECTED. BOTH AFTERNOON AND
    OVERNIGHT POTENTIAL WILL EXIST ACROSS VARIOUS REGIONS, INCLUDING THE
    RISK OF DANGEROUS NIGHTTIME TORNADOES.


    ..SYNOPSIS

    A LARGE UPPER TROUGH WILL MOVE FROM THE ROCKIES INTO THE PLAINS ON
    TUESDAY, WITH AN UPPER LOW TRACKING FROM WY TO NORTHERN MN BY
    WEDNESDAY MORNING, DEEPENING AFTER 00Z. MEANWHILE, UPPER RIDGING
    WILL OCCUR OVER THE EASTERN STATES. A STRONG 100 KT MIDLEVEL JET MAX
    WILL BE POSITIONED FROM NM INTO WESTERN KS DURING THE DAY, WITH AN
    INTENSIFYING JET CORE TUESDAY NIGHT FROM KS INTO IA. JUST AHEAD OF
    THE PRIMARY UPPER TROUGH/JET, A LEADING SPEED MAX WILL STRENGTHEN
    FROM OK INTO KS AND MO DURING THE DAY, PERHAPS WITH A SUBTLE LOBE OF
    COOLING ALOFT.

    AT THE SURFACE, LOW PRESSURE WILL EXIST OVER EASTERN CO TUESDAY
    MORNING, AND WILL SHIFT EASTWARD ACROSS KS DURING THE DAY,
    TRANSLATING EAST/NORTHEAST ALONG A COLD FRONT. THIS LOW WILL SHIFT
    INTO IA BY EVENING, AND INTO WI BY 12Z WEDNESDAY. AHEAD OF THE LOW,
    A PROMINENT WARM FRONT WILL MOVE RAPIDLY NORTH, BEGINNING THE DAY
    FROM NORTHEAST KS INTO CENTRAL IL, AND REACHING NEAR I-80 FROM IA
    INTO NORTHERN IL BY 00Z. THIS BOUNDARY WILL CONTINUE NORTH INTO
    SOUTHERN WI AND WESTERN LOWER MI OVERNIGHT, AHEAD OF THE SURFACE
    LOW. BEHIND THE LOW, A COLD FRONT WILL MAKE AN EASTWARD PUSH DURING
    THE LATE EVENING AND OVERNIGHT ACROSS IA, NORTHWEST MO AND EASTERN
    KS.

    SOUTH OF THE LOW, A DRYLINE WILL STRETCH FROM EASTERN KS INTO
    CENTRAL OK AND NORTH TX AT 00Z, AND MAY BECOME STATIONARY OR EVEN
    BACK WESTWARD OVER THE SOUTHERN PLAINS DURING THE LATE EVENING AND
    PRIOR TO THE COLD FRONT ARRIVING FROM THE NORTH.

    GIVEN RELATIVELY HIGH HEIGHTS OVER THE EASTERN CONUS PRECEDING THE
    UPPER TROUGH, A VERY WIDE WARM SECTOR WILL DEVELOP FROM THE SURFACE
    LOW AND DRYLINE EASTWARD WELL EAST OF THE MS RIVER, WITH UPPER 60S F
    DEWPOINTS COMMON FROM EASTERN OK AND AR SOUTHWARD. THE COMBINATION
    OF AN EXPANSIVE WARM SECTOR AND STRONG SHEAR, FOR LONG DURATION AND
    IN VARIOUS FORCING REGIMES, SUGGESTS THAT SIGNIFICANT SEVERE WEATHER
    IS LIKELY. HOWEVER, SUBTLETIES REGARDING TIMING WITH REGARD TO THE
    DIURNAL CYCLE, CAPPING, AND CONFLICTING MODEL OUTPUT WILL MAKE THIS
    PREDICTION CHALLENGING, ESPECIALLY WHEN WEIGHING POTENTIAL IMPACTS
    TO LIFE AND PROPERTY.

    ..IA...NORTHERN MO...IL...SOUTHERN WI - DAYTIME

    THE AREA NEAR THE WARM FRONT AND LATER IN LATE INTO THE OVERNIGHT
    HOURS AHEAD OF THE SURFACE LOW WILL BE A FAVORED AREA FOR SUPERCELLS
    AND TORNADOES. STORMS ARE EXPECTED TO FORM FROM NORTHERN MO INTO IA
    DURING THE LATE AFTERNOON, SHIFTING NORTHEASTWARD WITH THE WARM.
    LOW-LEVEL SHEAR WILL BE EXTREMELY FAVORABLE FOR TORNADOES, AS WITH
    OVER 300 M2/S2 SRH AND MUCAPE PERHAPS UP TO 3000 J/KG. THE STEEP
    LAPSE RATES ALOFT WILL MAXIMIZE UPDRAFT STRENGTH AS WELL, RESULTING
    IN STRONG TORNADOES. THIS THREAT MAY PERSIST FARTHER NORTHEAST INTO
    SOUTHERN WI AND NORTHERN IL INTO THE NIGHT AS THE WARM AND UNSTABLE
    AIR WITH THE WARM FRONT CONTINUES TO MOVE NORTH WITH THIS STRONG
    SYSTEM.

    ..NORTHEAST TX INTO AR AND INTO MO - OVERNIGHT

    CONFIDENCE IS INCREASING IN THE POTENTIAL FOR RARE AND DANGEROUS
    OVERNIGHT TORNADOES AND DAMAGING WINDS
    , AND A MODERATE RISK HAS BEEN
    INTRODUCED FOR THIS REGION. THE AIR MASS WILL REMAIN CAPPED DURING
    THE DAY, AS BOUNDARY-LAYER MOISTURE BUILDS. STEEP LAPSE RATES WILL
    EXIST ABOVE THE CAPPING LAYER, WHICH WILL NOT BE PARTICULARLY STRONG
    OVERNIGHT DUE TO ROBUST MOISTURE. AS THE COLD FRONT APPROACHES FROM
    THE WEST, THE LOW-LEVEL JET WILL REMAIN STRONG PROVIDING THETA-E
    ADVECTION THROUGH THE NIGHT. NOCTURNAL STORMS ARE FORECAST TO ERUPT
    AFTER 06Z, AND PERHAPS CLOSER TO 08Z FROM SOUTHWEST MO INTO WESTERN
    AR AND INTO NORTHEAST TX. HODOGRAPHS WILL STRONGLY FAVOR TORNADIC
    SUPERCELLS WITH EFFECTIVE SRH NEAR 400 M2/S2. FURTHER, STEEP LAPSE
    RATES ALOFT AND AMPLE INSTABILITY WILL FAVOR STRONG TORNADOES, AND A
    LONG TRACKED TORNADO CANNOT BE RULED OUT. THIS APPEARS TO BE A RARE
    CASE WHERE THE FRONT MAY ACT MORE LIKE A DRYLINE DURING THE
    OVERNIGHT HOURS,
     WITH VEERING AT 850 MB BEING MORE GRADUAL. CAPPING
    IS MOST LIKELY TO LIMIT THE EASTWARD EXTENT OF THE THREAT FOR
    SOUTHERN AREAS NEAR LA.

    ..JEWELL.. 04/03/2023

    • Thanks 1
  4. Added 4/3 for potential sleeper

     

    day1otlk_1630.gif

     

    North/Central Texas...
       Moderate to strong buoyancy and 50+ kt of deep-layer shear will
       support a conditionally favorable supercell environment along/just
       ahead of a dryline late this afternoon and early evening over parts
       of north/central TX. Near-neutral mid-level heights with minor
       downstream ridging is expected across the dryline. This area will
       also be well removed from a deepening upper trough across the
       western CONUS.
    
       Low-level convergence along the dryline should remain weak, but
       could be relatively maximized in the early evening across central TX
       as the dryline starts to retreat. Some 12Z convection-allowing
       models suggest a thunderstorm or two may briefly develop. However,
       uncertainty remains high regarding a particular location. Any
       sustained supercell would pose a conditional risk of all severe
       hazards, but large hail is likely if a thunderstorm can form and be
       sustained. Given the uncertainty in whether any convection will
       initiate given the negligible large-scale ascent, will maintain low
       severe probabilities with this update. But, observational and
       short-term model trends will be closely monitored for a possible
       upgrade to Slight Risk at 20Z, if warranted.
    • Like 1
  5. Day 2 Mod out with split 15/10% Tor. Almost a repeat of the previous outbreak

     

    day2otlk_0600.gifday2probotlk_0600_torn.gif

     

    Day 2 Convective Outlook  
       NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
       1203 AM CDT Mon Apr 03 2023
    
       Valid 041200Z - 051200Z
    
       ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS LATE TUESDAY
       AFTERNOON AND EVENING ACROSS PARTS OF NORTHEASTERN MISSOURI INTO
       SOUTHEASTERN IOWA...NORTHWESTERN AND WEST CENTRAL ILLINOIS...
    
       ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SURROUNDING THE
       MODERATE RISK ACROSS MUCH OF NORTHERN MISSOURI....CENTRAL AND
       EASTERN IOWA...NORTHWESTERN AND CENTRAL ILLINOIS...AS WELL AS PARTS
       OF NORTHEASTERN TEXAS...SOUTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA...MUCH OF
       ARKANSAS...INTO SOUTHERN MISSOURI...
    
       ...SUMMARY...
       Severe thunderstorms appear likely to develop late Tuesday afternoon
       into Tuesday night across the lower Missouri Valley into southern
       portions of the Upper Midwest, and across parts of the southeastern
       Great Plains into portions of the Mid South.  These could pose a
       risk for a few strong tornadoes, large hail and damaging wind gusts.
    
       ...Synopsis...
       As initially amplified mid-level ridging over the mid-latitude
       eastern Pacific gradually becomes suppressed, models indicate that
       downstream troughing will broaden from the Great Basin into the
       Mississippi Valley.  This will be lead by a vigorous short wave
       trough, which is forecast to be accompanied by continuing strong
       surface cyclogenesis from the central Great Plains into the Upper
       Midwest, and building downstream mid-level ridging across the Upper
       Ohio Valley into Ontario, as well as across the northeastern Gulf of
       Mexico into Southeast.
    
       An intensifying southwesterly mid/upper jet streak (including speeds
       in excess of 100 kt at 500 mb) nosing across the central Great
       Plains through Upper Midwest will contribute to strong deep-layer
       shear within the warm sector of the cyclone.  At the same time,
       intensification of southerly lower-level flow (to 50-70+ kt around
       850 mb) likely will contribute to large clockwise-curved low-level
       hodographs.  This could potentially contribute to an environment
       conducive to supercells and organizing lines or clusters capable of
       producing strong tornadoes and damaging winds, where large-scale
       forcing for ascent and thermodynamic profiles can become favorable.
    
       However, among a number of substantive lingering uncertainties, the
       quality of the boundary-layer moisture return from the Gulf of
       Mexico remains in question.  Due to (at least initially) relatively
       shallow boundary-layer depth, downward mixing of drier air might
       impact sizable pockets of the potentially broad warm sector through
       the day, based on model output.  Also, ahead of the mid/upper
       troughing, destabilization associated with large-scale ascent and an
       influx of high-level moisture from the subtropical Pacific may
       contribute to convective development which tends to saturate and
       stabilize lapse rates down into the mid-levels, across much of the
       Ozark Plateau into middle Mississippi Valley.  While it appears that
       this will not completely erode the capping elevated mixed-layer air,
       thickening cloud cover aloft may inhibit surface heating and
       suppress potential thunderstorm development in the absence of lift
       to overcome the inhibition.
    
       ...Great Plains into the Mississippi Valley...
       Both the latest NAM and Rapid Refresh appear increasingly suggestive
       that the dryline could surge east-northeastward across southwestern
       Iowa and northwestern/west central Missouri, at least above the
       surface, by mid to late afternoon, in response to the progression of
       at least one speed maximum within the mid-level flow.  Model output
       generally indicates that largest CAPE will become focused ahead of
       this feature, and south of the warm front advancing northward across
       central Iowa/northern Illinois during the late afternoon.  And the
       dryline might provide a focus for sustained discrete supercell
       development with the potential to produce strong tornadoes while 
       propagating northeastward across northeastern Missouri and
       southeastern Iowa into northwestern and west central Illinois
       through early evening.
    
       In the wake of this activity, as the cold front begins to overtake
       the dryline and advance southeastward, various model output
       continues to suggest that the evolution of an organizing line or
       cluster of storms is possible.  This may pose a risk for large hail,
       damaging wind gusts, and perhaps a few tornadoes while propagating
       east-southeastward across the lower Missouri/middle Mississippi
       Valley vicinity into Tuesday night.
    
       Farther south, developments initially along the dryline and then
       ahead of the southeastward advancing cold front remain a bit more
       unclear.  However, there has been a persistent signal within the
       model output that a narrow corridor of more substantive
       boundary-layer moistening could provide a focus for enhanced severe
       weather potential by Tuesday evening.  It is possible that
       associated destabilization may become aligned with the strong
       deep-layer mean flow, possibly allowing for the evolution of one or
       two long track supercells, ahead of a developing squall line.
  6. Some strong wording from FWD

     

    National Weather Service Fort Worth TX
    808 PM CDT Sat Apr 1 2023
    
    ...New Short Term, Aviation...
    
    .SHORT TERM... /NEW/
    /Tonight through Sunday Night/
    
    Another nice evening is in store for North and Central Texas, but
    this will quickly change by early Sunday morning as a potent upper
    level disturbance approaches, bringing an increasing threat for
    severe thunderstorms. The rest of tonight will be quiet with
    passing clouds and temperatures falling into the 50s.
    
    A stalled frontal boundary across South Texas will begin to lift
    northward overnight in response to pressure falls in the Plains
    ahead of the aforementioned upper disturbance. The disturbance is
    currently located across southwest Arizona and will spread into
    West Texas Sunday morning. Ahead of the shortwave, a surge of
    Gulf moisture will overspread North Texas by midday with dewpoints
    climbing into the mid 60s. Strong low/mid level warm advection
    should lead to a blossoming of elevated convection late Sunday
    morning into early afternoon mainly off to our northwest. Very
    steep mid level lapse rates should support a severe hail risk with
    this initial activity. As we get into the afternoon hours though,
    a well defined warm sector will become established across much of
    North Texas, characterized by strong instability (MLCAPE around
    2000 J/kg) and deep layer shear. The timing of the shortwave will
    be optimal as well, with the strongest synoptic forcing for ascent
    overspreading North Texas during the mid afternoon to early
    evening hours. This should yield a window (~between 4-8 pm) where
    some potentially significant severe weather could occur across
    parts of the region.
    
    Most of the high resolution guidance is in decent agreement with
    the initial elevated convection developing off to the northwest
    then moving east into the early afternoon. During the afternoon,
    there is an increasing potential for more discrete surface based
    convection to develop across North Texas within the warm sector.
    This activity should be forced at least partially by an eastward
    surging dryline. The dryline should impinge on our western
    counties during the mid afternoon hours and there is solid
    agreement among the guidance that there will be a decent bulge on
    the leading edge (Eastland/Stephens Counties) in response to a
    band of stronger low/mid level westerly winds. In addition, the
    lee side surface low never really ejects eastward, and remains
    nearly stationary across southwest Kansas and the OK panhandle.
    This results in the near surface flow across parts of North Texas
    remaining backed longer than would normally be the case with a
    rapidly moving system. Surface based storms appear most likely
    from mid afternoon into the early evening hours and would likely
    quickly become supercells given the favorable parameter space.
    While large hail and damaging winds will certainly be possible,
    there also appears to be an increasing threat for tornadoes,
    particularly in an area from Mineral Wells to Fort Worth to
    Hillsboro to Stephenville. This area east of the dryline bulge
    appears to have the best combination of strong instability,
    increasing deep layer shear, increasing synoptic forcing for
    ascent, and is most likely to maintain a favorable low level wind
    profile. It also appears to be the area least likely to have
    favorable warm sector air disrupted by elevated convection.
    Forecast soundings between 22-00Z show an uncapped thermal profile
    with strengthening low level flow and increasingly curved
    hodographs into the evening hours. 0-1 km helicity increases to
    around 300 m2/s2 and the significant tornado parameter peaks
    between 3-6 to the southwest of the Metroplex by 6 pm. This
    favorable low level instability and shear profile suggests that
    the threat for tornadoes will increase, particularly with any
    discrete storms that track from west to east or slightly south of
    east where they can maintain a healthy ingestion of streamwise
    vorticity. We`ll continue to monitor this threat closely, but
    anyone with outside interests should closely pay attention for
    rapidly changing weather on Sunday.
    
  7. SPC with the slight risk for N TX

     

     
    Targeting west of DFW tomorrow PM sleeper tornado setup
     
     
    ·
    61.5K
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    day2otlk_1730.gifday2probotlk_1730_torn.gif

     

    Day 2 Convective Outlook  
       NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
       1223 PM CDT Sat Apr 01 2023
    
       Valid 021200Z - 031200Z
    
       ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS DURING THE DAY
       ACROSS NORTH TX...
    
       ...SUMMARY...
       Occasional large hail, isolated damaging winds, and a couple of
       tornadoes will be possible during the day tomorrow, mainly across
       north Texas.
    
       ...North TX and vicinity through the day...
       In the wake of a pronounced midlevel trough now moving over the OH
       Valley/lower Great Lakes, a front will stall along the Gulf coast. 
       Upstream, a shortwave trough now near northern Baja will progress
       eastward to the southern Plains tomorrow afternoon.  In response to
       the approach of this trough and increasing westerly flow across the
       Rockies, lee cyclogenesis across the southern High Plains will
       result in strengthening southerly low-level flow and northward
       moisture advection during the day across TX.  The increasing
       low-level moisture beneath the eastward extent of a elevated mixed
       layer plume will support substantial destabilization during the day
       across north TX.
    
       Clusters of mainly elevated storms are probable during the day in
       the zone of stronger low-level warm advection across northwest TX
       into southern OK, with sufficient MUCAPE/lapse rates for occasional
       large hail.  Farther south, there will be a few hour window of
       opportunity for supercells rooted near or at the surface within the
       southern fringe of the stronger forcing for ascent, close to the
       surface warm front around mid afternoon.  Mid-upper 60s
       boundary-layer dewpoints and surface heating in cloud breaks and
       midlevel lapse rates of 7-8 C/km will drive MLCAPE up to 1500 J/kg
       along the warm front, with sufficient deep-layer shear/hodograph
       length and low-level shear/hodograph curvature for supercells with
       all hazards.  These threats will be focused along the warm front
       from about 20-00z, with the threat for surface-based supercells
       diminishing during the evening with passage of the midlevel trough. 
       Otherwise, clusters of slightly elevated storms will spread eastward
       toward northwest LA/southwest AR and slowly weaken early tomorrow
       night.
    
  8.    URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
       Tornado Watch Number 101
       NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
       1200 AM CDT Sat Apr 1 2023
    
       The NWS Storm Prediction Center has issued a
    
       * Tornado Watch for portions of 
         Northern Alabama
         Northern Mississippi
         Middle Tennessee
    
       * Effective this Saturday morning from Midnight until 700 AM CDT.
    
       * Primary threats include...
         A few tornadoes and a couple intense tornadoes likely
         Scattered damaging wind gusts to 70 mph likely
         Scattered large hail and isolated very large hail events to 2
           inches in diameter possible
    
       SUMMARY...Severe thunderstorms, including a few supercells capable
       of strong (EF2+) tornadoes, will persist in areas previously covered
       by tornado watch 97 past its original expiration time.  The threat
       also will extend farther east into more of Alabama and Tennessee
       overnight.
    
       The tornado watch area is approximately along and 75 statute miles
       east and west of a line from 20 miles south southwest of Tupelo MS
       to 50 miles northeast of Nashville TN. For a complete depiction of
       the watch see the associated watch outline update (WOUS64 KWNS
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